scholarly journals Redundant functions of the SLC5A transporters Rumpel, Bumpel, and Kumpel in ensheathing glial cells

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerem Yildirim ◽  
Bente Winkler ◽  
Nicole Pogodalla ◽  
Steffi Mackensen ◽  
Marie Baldenius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Neuronal Processing ◽  
Solute Carrier ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Redundant Functions ◽  
Overlapping Sets

Neuronal processing is energy demanding, and relies on sugar metabolism. To nurture the Drosophila nervous system, the blood-brain barrier forming glial cells take up trehalose from the hemolymph and then distribute the metabolic products further to all neurons. This function is provided by glucose and lactate transporters of the solute carrier (SLC) 5A family. Here we identified three SLC5A genes that are specifically expressed in overlapping sets of CNS glial cells, rumpel, bumpel and kumpel. We generated mutants in all genes and all mutants are viable and fertile, lacking discernible phenotypes. Loss of rumpel causes subtle locomotor phenotypes and flies display increased daytime sleep. In addition, in bumpel kumpel double mutants, and to an even greater extent in rumpel bumpel kumpel triple mutants, oogenesis is disrupted at the onset of the vitollegenic phase. This indicates a partially redundant functions between these genes. Rescue experiments exploring this effect indicate that oogenesis can be affected by CNS glial cells. Moreover, expression of heterologous mammalian SLC5A transporters, with known transport properties, suggest that Bumpel and/or Kumpel transport glucose or lactate. Overall, our results imply a redundancy in SLC5A nutrient sensing functions in Drosophila glial cells, affecting ovarian development and behavior.

scholarly journals Redundant functions of the SLC5A transporters Rumpel Kumpel and Bumpel in ensheathing glial cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerem Yildirim ◽  
Bente Winkler ◽  
Nicole Pogodalla ◽  
Stefanie Mackensen ◽  
Marie Baldenius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Neuronal Processing ◽  
Solute Carrier ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Redundant Functions

Neuronal processing is energy demanding, and relies on sugar metabolism as an energy source. To provide a constant metabolite supply neurons and glial cells express many glucose and lactate transporters of the solute carrier (SLC) 5A family. Here we dissect the partially redundant functions of three highly related glia specific Drosophila genes encoding SLC5A proteins, Rumpel, Bumpel and Kumpel. While knockdown of rumpel causes several behavioral phenotypes, they are less prominent in rumpel mutants. bumpel and kumpel mutants are viable and fertile, lacking discernible phenotypes. However, in bumpel kumpel double mutants and to an even greater extent in rumpel bumpel kumpel triple mutants oogenesis is disrupted at the onset of the vitollegenic phase. This indicates at least partially redundant functions between these genes. Rescue experiments exploring this effect indicate that oogenesis can be affected by CNS glial cells. Moreover, expression of heterologous mammalian SLC5A transporter proteins, with known transport properties, suggest that Bumpel and/or Kumpel transport glucose or lactate. Overall, our results imply a redundancy in SLC5A nutrient sensing functions in Drosophila glial cells, affecting ovarian development and behavior.

Astrocytes and Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Kofuji ◽  
Alfonso Araque
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
And Behavior

Animal behavior was classically considered to be determined exclusively by neuronal activity, whereas surrounding glial cells such as astrocytes played only supportive roles. However, astrocytes are as numerous as neurons in the mammalian brain, and current findings indicate a chemically based dialog between astrocytes and neurons. Activation of astrocytes by synaptically released neurotransmitters converges on regulating intracellular Ca2+ in astrocytes, which then can regulate the efficacy of near and distant tripartite synapses at diverse timescales through gliotransmitter release. Here, we discuss recent evidence on how diverse behaviors are impacted by this dialog. These recent findings support a paradigm shift in neuroscience, in which animal behavior does not result exclusively from neuronal activity but from the coordinated activity of both astrocytes and neurons. Decoding how astrocytes and neurons interact with each other in various brain circuits will be fundamental to fully understanding how behaviors originate and become dysregulated in disease. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 44 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Starvation Causes a Metabolically Active but Nonculturable State in Lactococcus lactis†

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 2498-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balasubramanian Ganesan ◽  
Mark R. Stuart ◽  
Bart C. Weimer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Intracellular Atp ◽  
Carbohydrate Starvation ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Nonculturable State ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

ABSTRACT This study characterized the ability of lactococci to become nonculturable under carbohydrate starvation while maintaining metabolic activity. We determined the changes in physiological parameters and extracellular substrate levels of multiple lactococcal strains under a number of environmental conditions along with whole-genome expression profiles. Three distinct phases were observed, logarithmic growth, sugar exhaustion, and nonculturability. Shortly after carbohydrate starvation, each lactococcal strain lost the ability to form colonies on solid media but maintained an intact cell membrane and metabolic activity for over 3.5 years. ML3, a strain that metabolized lactose rapidly, reached nonculturability within 1 week. Strains that metabolized lactose slowly (SK11) or not at all (IL1403) required 1 to 3 months to become nonculturable. In all cases, the cells contained at least 100 pM of intracellular ATP after 6 months of starvation and remained at that level for the remainder of the study. Aminopeptidase and lipase/esterase activities decreased below detection limits during the nonculturable phase. During sugar exhaustion and entry into nonculturability, serine and methionine were produced, while glutamine and arginine were depleted from the medium. The cells retained the ability to transport amino acids via proton motive force and peptides via ATP-driven translocation. The addition of branched-chain amino acids to the culture medium resulted in increased intracellular ATP levels and new metabolic products, indicating that branched-chain amino acid catabolism resulted in energy and metabolic products to support survival during starvation. Gene expression analysis showed that the genes responsible for sugar metabolism were repressed as the cells entered nonculturability. The genes responsible for cell division were repressed, while autolysis and cell wall metabolism genes were induced neither at starvation nor during nonculturability. Taken together, these observations verify that carbohydrate-starved lactococci attain a nonculturable state wherein sugar metabolism, cell division, and autolysis are repressed, allowing the cells to maintain transcription, metabolic activity, and energy production during a state that produces new metabolites not associated with logarithmic growth.

Glial cell regulation of neurotransmission and behavior in Drosophila

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rob Jackson ◽  
Philip G. Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Cell Regulation ◽  
And Behavior

Mounting evidence demonstrates that glial cells might have important roles in regulating the physiology and behavior of adult animals. We summarize some of this evidence here, with an emphasis on the roles of glia of the differentiated nervous system in controlling neuronal excitability, behavior and plasticity. In the review we highlight studies in Drosophila and discuss results from the analysis of mammalian astrocytes that demonstrate roles for glia in the adult nervous system.

scholarly journals Current Perspectives and Mechanisms of Relationship between Intestinal Microbiota Dysfunction and Dementia: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menizibeya O. Welcome
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Social ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Microbial Products ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Neural Signaling

Background: Accumulating data suggest a crucial role of the intestinal microbiota in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. More recently, emerging reports have revealed an association between intestinal microbiota dysfunctions and dementia, a debilitating multifactorial disorder, characterized by progressive deterioration of cognition and behavior that interferes with the social and professional life of the sufferer. However, the mechanisms of this association are not fully understood. Summary: In this review, I discuss recent data that suggest mechanisms of cross-talk between intestinal microbiota dysfunction and the brain that underlie the development of dementia. Potential therapeutic options for dementia are also discussed. The pleiotropic signaling of the metabolic products of the intestinal microbiota together with their specific roles in the maintenance of both the intestinal and blood-brain barriers as well as regulation of local, distant, and circulating immunocytes, and enteric, visceral, and central neural functions are integral to a healthy gut and brain. Key Messages: Research investigating the effect of intestinal microbiota dysfunctions on brain health should focus on multiple interrelated systems involving local and central neuroendocrine, immunocyte, and neural signaling of microbial products and transmitters and neurohumoral cells that not only maintain intestinal, but also blood brain-barrier integrity. The change in intestinal microbiome/dysbiome repertoire is crucial to the development of dementia.

scholarly journals Stimulus-specific plasticity in human visual gamma-band activity and functional connectivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Stauch ◽  
Alina Peter ◽  
Heike Schuler ◽  
Pascal Fries
Keyword(s):  
Spike Timing ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Processing ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Band Activity

Stimulus repetition reduces neuronal responses in sensory areas, while leaving perceptual fidelity and behavioral performance intact. Visual gamma-band activity decreases for few stimulus repetitions in humans, yet increases for many repetitions in macaques. Using magnetoencephalography, we confirmed that gamma decreases for the first few stimulus repetitions, and, as in macaques, increases for further repetitions. Crucially, this increase did not transfer to other stimuli, suggesting that the circuit changes were specific to the inducing stimulus. The increase partially persisted when the inducing stimulus was repeated after 25 minutes of intervening stimuli. The increase was most pronounced in early visual areas, and entailed an increased feedforward influence onto higher areas. Our results suggest that early visual cortex gamma synchronization subserves adaptative neuronal processing of recurring stimuli. We propose that drive-dependent gamma phase shifting combines with spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity to reduce overall responses, while maintaining the impact on higher areas and behavior.

scholarly journals Modification of Glial Attachment by Surface Nanostructuring of SU-8 Thin Films

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Pongrácz ◽  
Szabolcs Barna ◽  
István Lukács ◽  
Levente Illés ◽  
Hanna Liliom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Polymer Surfaces ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Primary Mouse ◽  
And Behavior

Various methods are currently under development to enhance the biocompatibility of neural electrodes and to minimize the reactive gliosis around the implant surface. As cells in their native microenvironment interact with 3D nanoscale topographies of the extracellular matrix, physical modification of implant surfaces may provide an alternative solution to the negative tissue response by imitating the structure of the extracellular matrix, and therefore affecting the attachment and behavior of neurons and glial cells. The attachment of primary mouse astrocytes on nanostructured SU8 polymer surfaces fabricated by e-beam lithography was investigated in our study. We found that attachment of primary mouse astrocytes on silicon-SU8 surfaces is strongly influenced by the surface topography.

How Homo economicus lost her mind and how we can revive her

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter DeScioli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe target article by Boyer & Petersen (B&P) contributes a vital message: that people have folk economic theories that shape their thoughts and behavior in the marketplace. This message is all the more important because, in the history of economic thought, Homo economicus was increasingly stripped of mental capacities. Intuitive theories can help restore the mind of Homo economicus.

The parent-offspring microbiome and neurobehavioral development

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Alberts ◽  
Christopher Harshaw ◽  
Gregory E. Demas ◽  
Cara L. Wellman ◽  
Ardythe L. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
Emotional Function ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract We identify the significance and typical requirements of developmental analyses of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) in parents, offspring, and parent-offspring relations, which have particular importance for neurobehavioral outcomes in mammalian species, including humans. We call for a focus on behavioral measures of social-emotional function. Methodological approaches to interpreting relations between the microbiota and behavior are discussed.

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