The effect of high temperature incubation upon the myocardial glycogen in the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280
Author(s):  
John M. Delphia ◽  
John Elliott
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Accelerate Growth ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Numerous studies have shown that high temperature incubation for the chick embryo will accelerate growth. Ancel & Lallemand (1941) reported that, with incubation temperatures of 39·0 to 42·0°C. during the 3rd through the 6th day of incubation, 49·2 per cent, to 62·7 per cent, of the specimens expressed Coelosomia. This malformation is characterized by the eventration of the viscera through a body cleft. Delphia & Eveleth (1961) found that continuous incubation of chick embryos at 40·0°C. resulted in Coelosomia of the heart, liver, ventriculus and small intestines in 63 per cent, of the specimens. Further studies by Delphia (1963) indicated that, with a continuous incubation temperature of 40·0°C, the embryos were advanced in growth stages (Hamburger-Hamilton, 1951) by one stage and were 1·3 times heavier than normally incubated specimens at 8 days incubation. At this time (8 days incubation) coelosomia is demonstrated clearly.

Factors influencing development of free-living generations of Strongyloides stercoralis

Parasitology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shiwaku ◽  
Y. Chigusa ◽  
T. Kadosaka ◽  
K. Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Prednisolone Treatment ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

SUMMARYThe effects of duration of infection and of temperature and nourishment in cultures on development of free-living generations of Strongyloides stercoralis were studied quantitatively. Rhabditiform larvae, 228–353 μm long, were collected from infected dogs with or without prednisolone treatment using the Baermann apparatus. Cultures were carried out by the filter paper test-tube method under the following conditions: incubation temperature 15–40°C and faecal dilution 1:0–1:16. Rhabditiform larvae developed predominantly to free-living females at incubation temperatures of 15–30°C and low faecal dilutions, but filariform larvae appeared mainly under extreme conditions such as high temperature. Recovery rates of filariform larvae were inversely related to those of females. It was remarkable that high temperature, but not low faecal dilution, affected development of filariform larvae. Although the appearance of free-living males was constant in various environmental conditions, the present study indicated an increase in free-living males with the duration of infection. Thus, it seems that free-living males are already fixed as male in the egg stage, and potential female rhabditiform larvae differentiate into free-living females or filariform larvae depending on environmental factors. There is no marked difference in the development of rhabditiform larvae into filariform larvae in either the immunosuppressed dog or the intact dog.

scholarly journals Long-term consequences of high incubation temperature in a wild bird population

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 20160087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Nord ◽  
Jan-Åke Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Bird Population ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Faster Development ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Because incubation by birds is energetically costly, parents frequently trade off investment in incubation against self-maintenance. This can be manifested by a reduction in incubation temperature, which comes at high somatic costs for nestlings. The extent to which these costs constrain fitness is poorly understood. We incubated wild blue tit clutches at three biologically relevant temperatures and subsequently recorded winter survival and survival to the breeding season. Fledglings from the coldest treatment (35.0°C) survived less well than other fledglings, but the proportion of winter and breeding survivors did not differ significantly between treatments. However, survival probability in both seasons increased with body mass at fledging in birds from low and mid incubation temperatures, but decreased with fledging body mass in the high-temperature treatment. Mid-temperature nestlings were heavier as adults, weighing 7% more than low- and high-temperature survivors. Thus, high incubation temperature can be beneficial in the short term, but costs of accelerated embryonic development may equal those of protracted development in the long term. Such hidden consequences of faster development could maintain natural selection for average incubation temperature.

Effects of Low Frequency Magnetic Fields on Chick Embryos. Dependence on Incubation Temperature and Storage of the Eggs

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1111-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka P. Juutilainen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Storage ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract Chick embryos were exposed to sinusoidally oscillating 100 Hz magnetic fields during their first two days of development. The magnetic field strength was 1 A/m. Incubation temperatures of 36.3, 37.0, 38.0 and 38.5 °C were used and the duration of the storage of the eggs before incuba­tion was varied from 1 hour to 4 days. After the incubation, the embryos were examined for abnormalities. When the temperature was 36.3 or 37.0 °C and the eggs were stored for one day or less, the effect of the magnetic field was statistically significant. In these conditions, the percent­ age of abnormal control embryos was low, 8% in 36.3 °C and 5% in 37.0 °C. In the exposed groups the corresponding percentages were 23% (36.3 °C) and 25% (37.0 °C). However, higher temperature and storage of the eggs for 3 to 4 days increased the percentage of abnormal embryos in both the exposed and control groups. The difference between the exposed and control embryos was not significant in these conditions. The results demonstrate the importance of the handling of the eggs in this kind of experiments.

Effect of high‐temperature AlN buffer on anisotropy of semi‐polar (11‐22) GaN with two pressure growth stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 972-975
Author(s):  
Jun Han ◽  
Fengfeng Shi ◽  
Yanhui Xing ◽  
Peiyuan Wan ◽  
Zhiyuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Aln Buffer

Phytotoxic Effect of Decaying Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Residues

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Toai ◽  
D. L. Linscott
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Toxin Formation ◽  
Agropyron Repens

We studied the effects of temperature (5, 10, 20, and 30 C) on the phytotoxic activity of decaying quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.] leaves and rhizomes that were incubated in soils for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds were grown for 96 h in water, water extracts of control soils, and water extracts of soil with quackgrass rhizomes or leaves. Dried quackgrass rhizomes and leaves contained water-soluble toxins that inhibited alfalfa seedling development and growth. There was a strong interaction between incubation time and temperature on the development of additional toxins by decomposing quackgrass. High incubation temperature (30 C) accelerated toxin formation and ultimate decay. Intermediate temperature (20 C) delayed toxin formation and decay. Low incubation temperatures (5 C and 10 C) prevented formation of additional toxin. In all extracts of quackgrass and soil that had been incubated for 6 weeks, normal alfalfa seedling number equaled that in water. However, seedling growth varied with incubation temperatures.Treatment of quackgrass with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] in the greenhouse did not influence the toxicity of decaying quackgrass leaves. The highest toxic effect was noted after 1 week of decay on the soil surface.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL LATHYRISM IN THE CHICK EMBRYO

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge D. Orloff ◽  
Jerome Gross
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Cyanoacetic Acid ◽  
Experimental Lathyrism

1. C14-labeled ß-aminopropionitrile distributed throughout the egg contents within 10 minutes postinjection. By ion exchange chromatography and electrophoretic analysis three major components of the extractable dialyzable radioactive material could be demonstrated, representing at least 80 per cent of the total. The acidic and basic components were identified as ß-aminopropionitrile and cyanoacetic acid, while the fraction isoelectric at pH 5.3, consisting of two components, remained unidentified. 2. Less than 1 molecule of ßAPN per 100 molecules of protein was present in the highly purified extractable lathyritic bone collagen indicating that binding of the lathyrogen is not a factor in collagen extractability. 3. The proximity of ßAPN to collagen in bone is not essential to its extractability. 4. The effect of incubation temperature of the embryo on collagen extractability suggests the involvement of a metabolic process in this phenomenon.

Thermal and water source effects upon the stability of enteroviruses in surface freshwaters

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christon J. Hurst ◽  
William H. Benton ◽  
Kim A. McClellan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Inactivation Rate ◽  
Human Enterovirus ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Viral Inactivation ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

The long-term survival of three human enterovirus serotypes, Coxsackievirus B3, echovirus 7, and poliovirus 1 was examined in samples of surface freshwater collected from five sites of physically different character. These were an artificial lake created by damming a creek, a small groundwater outlet pond, both a large- and a medium-sized river, and a small suburban creek. Survival was studied at temperatures of −20, 1, and 22 °C. The average amount of viral inactivation was 6.50–7.0 log10 units over 8 weeks at 22 °C, 4–5 log10 units over 12 weeks at 1 °C, and 0.4–0.8 log10 units over 12 weeks at −20 °C. The effect of incubation temperature upon viral inactivation rate was statistically significant (p < 0.00001). As determined by pairing tests, survival was also significantly related to both viral serotype and water source at each of the three incubation temperatures (p ≤ 0.05). Efforts were made to determine whether the rate of viral inactivation observed at the different incubation temperatures was related to characteristics inherent to the water that was collected from the different locations. The characteristics examined included physical and chemical parameters, indigenous bacterial counts, and the amount of bacterial growth that the waters would support (measured as the maximum number of generations which seeded bacteria could undergo after being placed into either pasteurized or sterile-filtered water samples). Analysis of viral inactivation rate versus these characteristics revealed three apparent effectors of viral persistence. These were (i) hardness and conductivity, both of which strongly correlated with one another; (ii) turbidity and suspended solids content, both of which strongly correlated with one another; and (iii) the number of generations of bacterial growth that a sample was capable of supporting, which also correlated with hardness and conductivity.Key words: virus, survival, inactivation rate, water.

Nest temperature´s influence on morphology of Dermochelys coriacea hatchlings incubated in hatcheries in Oaxaca, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús García-Grajales ◽  
Juan Francisco Meraz ◽  
José Luis Arcos García ◽  
Eustacio Ramírez Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dermochelys Coriacea ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

The influence of nest incubation temperatures on the carapace shape and morphological traits of Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli 1761) hatchlings incubated in two hatcheries of Oaxaca, Mexico was evaluated. This study was carried out from October 2016 through May 2017. On each beach, there are community groups consisting of volunteers without association with universities, that protect and relocate the nests to increase hatching success. In each translocated nest, a data logger was placed in the centre of the egg mass. Hatchlings were collected as they emerged from each nest. The carapaces of the hatchlings were photographed and subjected to geometric morphometric analysis; later, hatchlings were weighed and their bodies were measured. The mean temperature of 12 nests in each hatchery were recorded, with no significant differences between hatcheries. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed an overlapping of the carapace shape under different duration of temperature. Temperature had a significant influence on hatchling morphology. Higher mean incubation temperatures produced hatchlings with low weight, smaller appendage; narrower carapace width and shorter flippers length. Lower mean incubation temperatures produced hatchlings that had greater weight, greater appendage width, wider carapace width and longer flipper length. Results indicate that the D. coriacea hatchlings incubated in hatcheries demonstrate morphology that varies in relation to nest incubation temperature in a similar way to hatchlings produced in natural environments.

scholarly journals Effects of constant incubation regimes on eggs and hatchlings of the egg-laying skink, Oligosoma suteri

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kelly Maree Hare
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Fitness Traits ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

<p>The conditions under which reptilian eggs are incubated affect survival probability and physiological attributes of the progeny. The egg-laying skink, Oligosoma suteri, is the only endemic oviparous lizard in New Zealand. No controlled laboratory incubation had previously been undertaken, and thus no information was available on the requirements for successful captive incubation. I studied the effects of incubation regime on the eggs and hatchlings of O. suteri to four months of age. Oligosoma suteri eggs (n = 174) were randomly distributed among three constant incubation temperatures (18°C, 22°C and 26°C) and two water potentials (-120 kPa and -270 kPa). Hatching success and hatchling survival were greatest at 22°C and 26°C, with hatchlings from 18°C incubation suffering from physical abnormalities. Incubation regime and maternal influence did not affect sex of individuals, with equal sex ratios occurring from each incubation treatment. Hatchlings from the 22°C and -120 kPa incubation treatments were larger, for most measurements, and warmer incubation temperatures resulted in increased growth rates. Juveniles from 22°C and 26°C and individuals with greater mass per unit length (condition index) sprinted faster over 0.25 m. Sprint speed was positively correlated with ambient temperature. At four months of age sprint speed decreased in 18°C individuals and individuals incubated at 26°C and -270 kPa compared to their performance at one month. The results suggest that the most successful captive incubation regime for O. suteri is 22°C and -120 kPa. This study also shows that temperature-dependent sex determination does not occur in O. suteri, but that fitness traits are influenced by incubation temperature.</p>

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