Volumetric Investigations on Overgrowth (Hypermorphosis) in Chick Embryo Brains

Development ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Harry Bergquist
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Mitotic Rate ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Tectum Opticum ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
The Brain

The present paper is intended as a continuation of preceding publications (Bergquist, 1959 a, b) on possible causes of the phenomenon of ‘overgrowth’ (Patten, 1952) in the brain of the chick embryo. Reference should be made to these publications for the relevant literature. In these earlier investigations, it was observed that the mitotic rate in the altered portions of the neural tube seemed higher than in the normal regions, and that the hemispheres and tectum opticum showed marked folding. The first aim of the present investigation was to compare the volumes of the hemispheres in normal chick embryos and in corresponding stages of embryos with overgrowth, the study being confined to the distinctly evaginated portions of both hemispheres. The embryos measured consisted of those used in the previous work. The surface areas of sections through the walls of both hemispheres were determined planimetrically.

scholarly journals THE DEPENDENCE OF HEAD CURVATURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEART IN THE CHICK EMBRYO

1937 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. WADDINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Brain Region ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Blood System ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Aortic Arches ◽  
The Brain

1. The heart was removed from chick embryos of seven to twelve somites, and the embryos cultivated in vitro. The operation abolished the normal twisting of the anterior part of the embryo on to its left side and the general bending of the brain region into an arc. These two processes therefore seem to be dependent on the normal development of the heart. 2. The embryos showed a bending of the forebrain relative to the midbrain, which is therefore independent of the development of the heart. 3. The embryonic blood system, including the aortic arches, developed normally in many cases, but the blood vessels became enormously dilated. 4. The lateral evaginations of the foregut and the visceral arch mesenchyme underwent the first stages of differentiation in atypical positions, seemingly independently of each other or of any other structures.

Experiments on the ‘Overgrowth’ Phenomenon in the Brain of Chick Embryos

Development ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Harry Bergquist
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Cranial Cavity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rostral Part ◽  
Exact Term

Patten (1952) described ‘a curious distortion of the central nervous system’ in human embryos measuring 5, 7, 12·5, 20, and 30 mm. in length, as well as in some pig embryos. The malformation was called ‘overgrowth of the neural tube’. Instead of the indecisive word ‘overgrowth’ the present writer suggests the more exact term ‘hypermorphosis’ should be used for this malformation. Patten described it in the following way: ‘the neural tube epithelium had started to grow wildly so that it became folded, and refolded on itself, as if it was crowded into a cranial space fairly normal in size and shape’. The phenomenon was most distinctly developed in the rostral part of the neural tube. In some cases the cranial cavity was expanded by the process, giving rise to a high-crowned skull. In other cases an encephalocoel was formed. In later papers (1953, 1957) Patten discussed this phenomenon further.

Inhibition of nuclear migration in the absence of microtubules in the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-671
Author(s):  
Paul-Emil Messier ◽  
C. Auclair
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
New Media ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Nuclear Migration ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Interkinetic Nuclear Migration ◽  
In Cells

Interkinetic nuclear migration was studied in cells of the forming neural tube of cultured chick embryos aged from 1 to 7 pairs of somites. In specimens that were first exposed to 2°C for 3 h, then treated with 4 × 10−3 M monoiodoacetamide and finally transferred to new media to be reincubated for 1−2·5 h, it was found that microtubules were absent and nuclear movements blocked. These findings point to microtubules as essential structures for interkinetic nuclear migration. Their relation to the problem of neurulation is discussed.

scholarly journals Misexpression of BRE gene in the developing chick neural tube affects neurulation and somitogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiao-Yu Wang ◽  
Manli Chuai ◽  
John Yeuk-Hon Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Early Chick Embryo

This is the first study of the role of BRE in embryonic development using early chick embryos. BRE is expressed in the developing neural tube, neural crest cells, and somites. BRE thus plays an important role in regulating neurogenesis and indirectly somitogenesis during early chick embryo development.

Neuralation et migration nucléaire intercinétique chez des embryons de poulet

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-354
Author(s):  
Par Paul-Emil Messier ◽  
C. Auclair
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Nuclear Migration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Interkinetic Nuclear Migration ◽  
In Cells

Neurulation and interkinetic nuclear migration in the chick embryo Neurulation and interkinetic nuclear migration were studied in cells of the forming neural tube of chick embryos submitted to a variety of treatments. Our results show that cytochalasin B (5 μ/ml) does not protect microtubules against disruption occurring after 3h at 2°C nor does it prevent their repolymerization once they are cold-disrupted. However, db-cAMP protects microtubules against such cold disruption. We indicate that the inhibitory effect of cytochalasin B on interkinetic nuclear migration cannot be ascribed to an effect on microtubules.

Experimental Neoplastic Formation in Embryonic Chick Brains

Development ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Bengt Källén
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Excessive Proliferation ◽  
Rostral Part

In mammalian teratology, a malformation consisting of ‘overgrowth’ of the neural tube has been described by, among others, Patten (1952, 1957) and Ariëns Kappers (1956, 1957). Sjodin (1957) thought it to be a post-mortem effect and not a true malformation. The present author (1955) demonstrated that a similar malformation could be produced in the rostral part of the brain of chick embryos by operations at somite stages on the rostral end of the rhombencephalon which damaged underlying notochordal structures. Bergquist (1959 a, b) has discussed this problem further. The overgrowth is made up of an excessive proliferation in the neural epithelium with a reduced cell differentiation, giving rise to only a thin layer of migrated cells but to a marked development of neural epithelium in 4- to 5-day embryos. The vesicles of the hemispheres and mesencephalon are strongly folded, and Bergquist (1959c) has produced evidence that the folding is due to the accumulation of mitoses along the ventricular lining of the vesicles.

Febrile Convulsions, by J. Gordon Millichap, M.D., M.R.C.P. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1968, 239 pp., $7.95

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-382
Author(s):  
Randolph K. Byers
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Cerebral Injury ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Cerebral Disease ◽  
Febrile Convulsions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Made In

This rather modest-looking monograph deals not only with the large experiences of the author in relation to febrile seizures, but also presents an extensive review of the modern relevant literature (266 references in the bibliography). The most useful point made in the book, it seems to me, is that febrile convulsions are just that: i.e., convulsions coinciding with fever, the result of illness not directly involving the brain or its meninges. Such a seizure may be an isolated occurrence in the life of the individual, or it may recur a few times with fever; it may be the first sign of idiopathic chronic epilepsy, or it may be evidence of more or less apparent cerebral injury of a static sort; or, it may be the presenting symptom heralding progressive cerebral disease.

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