Memoirs: Improved Technique for Non-aseptic Tissue Culture of Helix aspersa, with Notes on Nolluscan Cytology

1934 ◽  
Vol s2-76 (303) ◽  
pp. 331-352
Author(s):  
J. BRONTË GATENBY ◽  
JOYCE C. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Main Type ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Mitotic Figure ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Improved Technique

1. By keeping pieces of mantle cavity wall in Hédon Fleig saline it is possible to make cultures which grow out for about five days. After that time the bacteria have increased so enormously that growth is checked, though the cultures will live for several weeks longer in a suspended condition. 2. The main type of cell which grows out is an amoeboid element, identical, it is believed, with the general connective elements of the normal tissue of the snail. 3. Neutral red stains, is segregated, or is deposited in thevarious categories of cells, in various ways. For example, in spermatocytes it appears almost always inside the Golgi apparatus, thus forming with the dictyosomes a ‘zône de Golgi’ of Parat. In the pulmonary epithelial cells the neutral red at once stains the pre-formed granules which are visible in unstained living cells. These granules are not directly related to the Golgi bodies. In amoebocytes the neutral red appears principally as large segregated globules, anywhere in the cytoplasm. Finally, into the mantle epithelial cells it is difficult to get neutral red, when other cells are already well stained. 4. The only homologous bodies in the cytoplasm of these various categories of cells are the Golgi bodies and mitochondria. 5. In no case has a mitotic figure been found in any Helix culture. Cells suggesting division by amitosis are commonest when the cultures are growing out fastest.

Memoirs: The Oogenesis of Lumbricus: a Restatement

1931 ◽  
Vol s2-74 (294) ◽  
pp. 235-256
Author(s):  
L. A. HARVEY
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Concave Side ◽  
Brownian Movement ◽  
Golgi Bodies

My former results (1925) have been revised, and the following are now recorded: The mitochondria are filamentous and granular. They are present in the oogonia as a cap over one pole of the nucleus. This cap enlarges as the oocyte grows, and finally breaks up and spreads as loose clouds over the entire cytoplasm. Under darkground illumination the mitochondria appear as areas showing a milky scintillation, owing to Brownian movement. The Golgi bodies are in the form of curved rodlets tapering towards each end and having a patch of sphere material on the concave side. The rodlet only is visible in living cells. Darkground illumination fails to differentiate the Golgi elements from the ground cytoplasm. It is uncertain whether they are derived from one only or more than one Golgi body in the oogonium. Droplets containing weak fat are present in all older oocytes, and in some ovaries in the younger cells, even being present in oogonia. They arise de novo in the cytoplasm. The vacuome in this material is a function of the cell's reactions to neutral red, and is not present in the unstained egg. It arises in close relation to the Golgi apparatus, but in later phases of staining wanders away from it. Nath's observations on earthworm eggs, and his theory of the vacuolar nature of the Golgi body, are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Long-Term Exposure to Nanosized TiO2 Triggers Stress Responses and Cell Death Pathways in Pulmonary Epithelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5349
Author(s):  
Mayes Alswady-Hoff ◽  
Johanna Samulin Erdem ◽  
Santosh Phuyal ◽  
Oskar Knittelfelder ◽  
Animesh Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cell Stress ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cell Death Pathways ◽  
Pulmonary Epithelial Cells

There is little in vitro data available on long-term effects of TiO2 exposure. Such data are important for improving the understanding of underlying mechanisms of adverse health effects of TiO2. Here, we exposed pulmonary epithelial cells to two doses (0.96 and 1.92 µg/cm2) of TiO2 for 13 weeks and effects on cell cycle and cell death mechanisms, i.e., apoptosis and autophagy were determined after 4, 8 and 13 weeks of exposure. Changes in telomere length, cellular protein levels and lipid classes were also analyzed at 13 weeks of exposure. We observed that the TiO2 exposure increased the fraction of cells in G1-phase and reduced the fraction of cells in G2-phase, which was accompanied by an increase in the fraction of late apoptotic/necrotic cells. This corresponded with an induced expression of key apoptotic proteins i.e., BAD and BAX, and an accumulation of several lipid classes involved in cellular stress and apoptosis. These findings were further supported by quantitative proteome profiling data showing an increase in proteins involved in cell stress and genomic maintenance pathways following TiO2 exposure. Altogether, we suggest that cell stress response and cell death pathways may be important molecular events in long-term health effects of TiO2.

Stromal cell and human prostatic epithelial cell in-vitro co-coltures: Growth and morphology

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
S. De Angeli ◽  
A. Fandella ◽  
C. Gatto ◽  
S. Buoro ◽  
C. Favretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Murine Fibroblasts ◽  
Prostatic Epithelial Cell

A study was carried out on the effect of stroma-epithelium interaction on cellular growth and morphology in co-coltures of U285 prostatic epithelial cells with human prostatic and esophageal stromal cells and with murine fibroblasts of the 3T3-J2 line. The proliferation rate was determined by growth tests of neutral red and kenacid blue. Morphological observations were made under optical microscope on the same cultures used for the growth tests. Results highlighted a marked reduction in cellular growth in the co-cultures compared to control cultures, as well as the tendency of the stromal and epithelial cells to re-organise themselves in pseudo-acinous structures.

In vitro and in vivo pathologic effects of Vibrio parahaemolyticus on human epithelial cells

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Merrell ◽  
R. I. Walker ◽  
S. W. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Cytotoxic Factor ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Vibrio Parahemolyticus ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Culture Supernate

The initial interaction and adherence of Vibrio parahemolyticus to epithelial tissue culture cells, human buccal epithelial cells, and the ileal mucosa of mice were studied. Using scanning electron microscopy, adherent bacteria were observed only on degenerating human embryonic intestinal, HeLa, and buccal cells; healthy normal cells were devoid of bacteria. Sheared V. parahaemolyticus, i.e., lacking flagella, did not adhere to either normal or degenerating tissue cells. Neither ultraviolet-inactivated organisms nor cell-free culture supernate affected the epithelial cells. Similar findings were observed on the mucosa of the ileum in mice inoculated with V. parahaemolyticus. It appears that V. parahaemolyticus possesses a cytotoxic factor which alters epithelial cells. This factor appears to be closely associated with viable organisms and may be a functional element in the adherence process of flagellated V. parahaemolyticus to mammalian epithelial cells.

Effects of alpha particle radiation on gene expression in human pulmonary epithelial cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 215 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinita Chauhan ◽  
Matthew Howland ◽  
Amy Mendenhall ◽  
Shifawn O’Hara ◽  
Trevor J. Stocki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Particle Radiation ◽  
Pulmonary Epithelial Cells

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF AMMONIUM SALTS ON CELL REACTION

1922 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Reaction ◽  
Artificial Cell ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

1. It may be shown by means of cells of the flowers of a hybrid Rhododendron which contain a natural indicator, by means of starfish eggs stained with neutral red, and by means of an "artificial cell" in which living frog's skin is employed that increased intracellular alkalinity may be brought about by solutions of a decidedly acid reaction which contain ammonium salts. 2. These results are analogous to those previously obtained with the CO2-bicarbonate system, and depend on the facts: (a) that NH4OH is sufficiently weak as a base to permit a certain degree of hydrolysis of its salts; and (b) that living cells are freely permeable to NH4OH (or NH3?) and not to mineral and many organic acids, and presumably not at least to the same extent to ammonium salts as such.

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