scholarly journals Body temperatures of free-living African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) and bank cormorants (Phalacrocorax neglectus).

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (10) ◽  
pp. 2215-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R P Wilson ◽  
D Grémillet
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Stomach Temperature ◽  
Spheniscus Demersus ◽  
Water Birds ◽  
African Penguin ◽  
Activity Dependent

Two free-living seabirds (the African penguin Spheniscus demersus and the bank cormorant Phalacrocorax neglectus) were equipped with stomach temperature-loggers to study body temperature changes during foraging. Body temperature in these endotherms was environmentally and activity-dependent and varied in the case of the cormorant by over 5 degrees C. Considerations of heat flux show that such flexibility confers considerable energetic advantages: by allowing body temperature to drop when the heat loss to the environment is high, such as in water, birds may save the energy that would normally be necessary to compensate for this drop. It appears that, in cormorants, low body temperature resulting from extended time in water can subsequently be elevated using solar energy when birds return to land in a manner similar to that of ectotherms. In the better-insulated penguins, muscle-generated heat during swimming is used to re-elevate low body temperature. Continued swimming eventually causes body temperature to rise above normal resting levels so that metabolic rate could theoretically be dramatically reduced immediately post-exercise when the temperature drops to some critical level before any increase in metabolism is necessary to correct it.

Effect of conditioning on exercise-induced hyperthermia and post-exercise cooling in dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Baker ◽  
M.S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Exercise Induced

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of conditioning and hypoxia on rectal and gastrointestinal temperature changes in dogs exercising at cold ambient temperature. Six Alaskan Husky sled dogs, each in a physically conditioned and unconditioned state, were used in the prospective study. Dogs in peak physical condition were run untethered on a treadmill under normoxic and hypoxic conditions of 20 and 12.5% environmental oxygen concentration, respectively, on separate days. After undergoing a deconditioning period of four months, the same dogs were run again under the same environmental conditions of 20 and 12.5% O2. Body temperature measurements were obtained via digital rectal thermometer and ingestible gastrointestinal thermistor at baseline, every 5 min for 30 min of exercise, and for 15 min following cessation of exercise. Under hypoxic conditions, peak gastrointestinal temperature was lower in conditioned vs unconditioned dogs. Gastrointestinal cooling was faster in conditioned dogs under normoxic conditions only. There was no difference in the peak rectal temperature, or rate of rectal temperature cooling in either normoxic or hypoxic conditions. 3 of 6 (50%) of the conditioned dogs reached a plateau temperature after approximately 20 to 25 min. This was observed less frequently when the dogs were unconditioned. Gastrointestinal and rectal temperatures reacted differently to exercise depending on conditioning or environmental oxygen concentration and this suggests that they cannot be used interchangeably to assess body temperature. Under these conditions, conditioning had no effect on rectal temperature. Presence of a plateau effect of rectal or gastrointestinal temperature may demonstrate a thermoregulatory balance of heat production and heat loss and may be a helpful measure in assessing individual dogs’ level of conditioning with regard to resistance to thermal stress.

Core body temperature changes after sauna exposition in healthy subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Pawlak ◽  
Paweł Zalewski ◽  
Jacek J. Klawe ◽  
Monika Zawadka ◽  
Anna Bitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Core Body

scholarly journals Capillary Electrophoresis Assessment of Plasma Protein Changes in an African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) With Aspergillosis

ACS Omega ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (51) ◽  
pp. 33280-33289
Author(s):  
Anddre Osmar Valdivia ◽  
Kristen Jasmin Ortega ◽  
Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya ◽  
Carolyn Cray
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Spheniscus Demersus ◽  
African Penguin

Ambient temperature effects on physiological traits of white-tailed deer

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Holter ◽  
W. E. Urban Jr. ◽  
H. H. Hayes ◽  
H. Silver ◽  
H. R. Skutt
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Wind Chill ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Energy Equilibrium ◽  
Body Energy

Six adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus borealis) were exposed to 165 periods of 12 consecutive hours of controlled constant ambient temperature in an indirect respiration calorimeter. Temperatures among periods varied from 38 to 0 (summer) or to −20C (fall, winter, spring). Traits measured were energy expenditure (metabolic rate), proportion of time spent standing, heart rate, and body temperature, the latter two using telemetry. The deer used body posture extensively as a means of maintaining body energy equilibrium. Energy expenditure was increased at low ambient temperature to combat cold and to maintain relatively constant body temperature. Changes in heart rate paralleled changes in energy expenditure. In a limited number of comparisons, slight wind chill was combatted through behavioral means with no effect on energy expenditure. The reaction of deer to varying ambient temperatures was not the same in all seasons of the year.

Flexibility in body temperature rhythms of free-living natal mole-rats (Cryptomys hottentotus natalensis)

2021 ◽  
pp. 102973
Author(s):  
M.K. Oosthuizen ◽  
G. Robb ◽  
A. Harrison ◽  
A. Froneman ◽  
K. Joubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Temperature Rhythms

On the Regulation of the Respiration in Reptiles

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
BODIL NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Temperature Interval ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Instantaneous Increase

1. In two species of Lacerta (L. viridis and L. sicula) the effects on respiration of body temperature (changes in metabolic rate) and of CO2 added to the inspired air were studied. 2. Pulmonary ventilation increases when body temperature increases. The increase is brought about by an increase in respiratory frequency. No relationship is found between respiratory depth and temperature. 3. The rise in ventilation is provoked by the needs of metabolism and is not established for temperature regulating purposes (in the temperature interval 10°-35°C). 4. The ventilation per litre O2 consumed has a high numerical value (about 75, compared to about 20 in man). It varies with the body temperature and demonstrates that the inspired air is better utilized at the higher temperatures. 5. Pulmonary ventilation increases with increasing CO2 percentages in the inspired air between o and 3%. At further increases in the CO2 percentage (3-13.5%) it decreases again. 6. At each CO2 percentage the pulmonary ventilation reaches a steady state after some time (10-60 min.) and is then unchanged over prolonged periods (1 hr.). 7. The respiratory frequency in the steady state decreases with increasing CO2 percentages. The respiratory depth in the steady state increases with increasing CO2 percentages. This effect of CO2 breathing is not influenced by a change in body temperature from 20° to 30°C. 8. Respiration is periodically inhibited by CO2 percentages above 4%. This inhibition, causing a Cheyne-Stokes-like respiration, ceases after a certain time, proportional to the CO2 percentage (1 hr. at 8-13% CO2), and respiration becomes regular (steady state). Shift to room air breathing causes an instantaneous increase in frequency to well above the normal value followed by a gradual decrease to normal values. 9. The nature of the CO2 effect on respiratory frequency and respiratory depth is discussed, considering both chemoreceptor and humoral mechanisms.

TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN EXERCISE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-702
Author(s):  
Sid Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Warm Blood ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Large Increments

The central body temperature of a man rises gradually during the first half hour of a period of work to a higher level and this level is precisely maintained until the work is stopped; body temperature then slowly declines to the usual resting level. During prolonged work the temperature regulatory center in the hypothalamus appears to be reset at a level which is proportional to the intensity of the work and this setting is independent of environmental temperature changes ranging from cold to moderately warm. In hot environments the resistance to heat loss may be so great that all of the increased metabolic heat of work cannot be dissipated and the man's central temperature will rise above the thermostatic setting. If this condition of imbalance is continued long enough heat stroke will ensue. We have found that in a 3 mile race lasting only 14 minutes on a hot summer day a runner's rectal temperature may rise to 41.1°C., with heat stroke imminent. The physiological regulation of body temperature of men in warm environments and during the increased metabolic heat production of work is dependent on sweating to provide evaporative cooling of the skin, and on adjustments of cutaneous blood flow which determine the conductance of heat from the deeper tissues to the skin. The mechanisms of regulating these responses during work are complex and not entirely understood. Recent experiments carried out in this laboratory indicate that during work, sweating may be regulated by reflexes originating from thermal receptors in the veins draining warm blood from the muscles, summated with reflexes from the cutaneous thermal receptors, both acting through the hypothalamic center, the activity of which is increased in proportion to its own temperature. At the beginning of work the demand for blood flow to the muscles results in reflex vasoconstriction in the skin. As the body temperature rises the thermal demand predominates and the cutaneous vessels dilate, increasing heat conductance to the skin. Large increments in cardiac output and compensatory vasoconstriction in the abdominal viscera make these vascular adjustments in work possible without circulatory embarrassment.

scholarly journals Effects of exercise on plasma lactic acid and body temperature in man, following a standardized meal

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-274
Author(s):  
Tesleem K Babalola ◽  
Udoh Utibe Abasi
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After

Background: The effects of exercise on plasma lactic acid level and body temperature following a standardized meal were carried out on 20 healthy young individuals (aged between 18 and 29 yrs.), consisting of 10 males and 10 females. The physical fitness of the subjects was determined measuring their blood pressure, pulse rate and other physical examinations.Methodology: Each subject was made to ride the bicycle ergometer for 6mins, at a rhythmic cadence of 50revolution/ min via 100beats metronome counts. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise to analyze for the pre and post exercise plasma lactate levels. Pre and post-exercise values for body temperature were also measured. Statistical tests were carried out at 95% CI (P=0.05).Result: The result obtained showed that exercise causes a statistically significant increase (p< 0.05) in both plasma lactate concentration (from a pre-exercise mean value of 0.98 ±0.07mmol/L to post- exercise mean value of 2.84 ±0.21mmol/L) and body temperature (from a mean value of 36.45 ±0.130C before exercise to a mean value of 36.91 ±0.190C after exercise).Conclusion: There was a statistically significant increase in plasma lactateand body temperature because of exposure to exercise which is in line with findings from most previous studies.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.270-274

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