Centrifugal compressor design

1998 ◽  
Vol 213 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Came ◽  
C. J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Aerodynamic Design ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Compressor Design ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Physical Phenomena

Centrifugal compressors are used in a wide range of applications in which performance and mechanical integrity are invariably among the paramount design objectives. There is therefore continuing interest in the development of a sound understanding of the relevant physical phenomena and in the systematic application of the knowledge base that is the forerunner of the established design procedures. The paper reviews centrifugal compressor design methods that are commonly used in industry and reviews the underlying engineering science supporting the design practices. The design process, starting with the preliminary design and its reliance on empirical rules through to state-of-the-art aerodynamic design using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), is presented. The essentials of impeller mechanical design are also included in the paper.

A new methodology for preliminary design of centrifugal impellers with prewhirl

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojian Li ◽  
Yijia Zhao ◽  
Zhengxian Liu ◽  
Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Centrifugal Impeller ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Specification ◽  
Vaned Diffuser ◽  
Flow Capacity ◽  
Compressor Design ◽  
Aerodynamic Parameters

The overall trend of centrifugal compressor design is to strive for high aerodynamic performance and high flow capacity products. A new methodology is derived to implement a preliminary design for high flow capacity centrifugal impeller with and without prewhirl. First, several new non-dimensional equations connecting impeller geometric and aerodynamic parameters are derived for the maximum flow capacity. The effects of prewhirl on mass flow function, inlet diameter ratio and work coefficient are discussed, respectively. Then, based on these equations, a series of design diagrams are drawn to extract the universal rules in centrifugal impeller design with prewhirl. Some physical limits of design maps are also discussed. Finally, the throat area of impeller is discussed under prewhirl, and the matching principle between prewhirl impeller and vaned diffuser is derived and validated. The proposed method can be used to design a new centrifugal compressor, or to evaluate the design feasibility and the challenge of a given design specification.

On the Influence of a Hubside Exducer Cavity and Bleed Air in a Close-Coupled Centrifugal Compressor Stage

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kaluza ◽  
Christian Landgraf ◽  
Philipp Schwarz ◽  
Peter Jeschke ◽  
Caitlin Smythe
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Pressure Field ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Loss Mechanism ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Stage Efficiency

In aero-engine applications, centrifugal compressors are often close-coupled with their respective diffusers to increase efficiency at the expense of a reduced operating range. The aim of this paper is to show that state-of-the art steady-state computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can model a hubside cavity between an impeller and a close-coupled diffuser and to enhance the understanding of how the cavity affects performance. The investigated cavity is located at the impeller trailing edge, and bleed air is extracted through it. Due to geometrical limitations, the mixing plane is located in the cavity region. Therefore, the previous analyses used only a cut (“simple”) model of the cavity. With the new, “full” cavity model, the region inside the cavity right after the impeller trailing edge is not neglected anymore. The numerical setup is validated using the experimental data gathered on a state-of-the art centrifugal compressor test-rig. For the total pressure field in front of the diffuser throat, a clear improvement is achieved. The results presented reveal a drop in stage efficiency by 0.5%-points caused by a new loss mechanism at the impeller trailing edge. On the hubside, the fundamentally different interaction of the cavity with the coreflow increases the losses in the downstream components resulting in the mentioned stage efficiency drop. Finally, varying bleed air extraction is investigated with both cavity models. Only the full cavity (FC) model captures the changes measured in the experiment.

scholarly journals Advancement of Turbine Aerodynamic Design Techniques

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa W. Griffin ◽  
Frank W. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Aerodynamic Design ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Pump Stage ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance

The Consortium for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Application in Propulsion Technology has been created at NASA/MSFC. Its purpose is to advance the state-of-the-art of CFD technology, to validate CFD codes and models, and to demonstrate the benefits attainable through the application of CFD in component design. Three teams are currently active within the Consortium: (1) the Turbine Technology Team, (2) the Pump Stage Technology Team, and (3) the Combustion Devices Technology Team. The goals, dynamics, and activities of the Turbine Team are the subjects of this paper. The Consortium is managed by NASA. The Turbine Team is co-coordinated by a NASA representative from the CFD area and an industry (Pratt & Whitney) representative from the area of turbine aerodynamic design. Membership of the Turbine Team includes experts in design, analysis, and testing from the government, industry, and academia. Each member brings a unique perspective, expertise, and experience to bear on the team’s goals of improving turbine efficiency and robustness while reducing the amount of developmental testing. To this end, an advanced turbine concept has been developed within the team using CFD as an integral part of the design process. This concept employs unconventionally high turning blades and is predicted to provide cost and performance benefits over traditional designs. This concept will be tested in the MSFC Turbine Airflow Facility to verify the design and to provide a unique set of data for CFD code validation. Currently, the team is developing and analyzing methods to reduce secondary and tip losses to further enhance turbine efficiency. The team has also targeted volute development as an area that could benefit from detailed CFD analysis.

On the Effectiveness of Aerodynamic Design and Analysis for Centrifugal Compressors

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald H. Aungier
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Aerodynamic Design ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Sound Technology

Abstract Effectiveness is promoted as an essential feature of a centrifugal compressor aerodynamic design and analysis system. Effectiveness measures the system’s ability to apply sound technology to the wide range of functions the centrifugal compressor engineer needs to perform to develop, apply and maintain these complex machines. Effectiveness compliments efficiency (or productivity) in the overall evaluation of a design and analysis system. This paper discusses several features that an effective aerodynamic design and analysis system should have to support the design and application of industrial process centrifugal compressors. These features are known to be occasionally (if not often) neglected. Yet they all can be incorporated using technology available from the open literature.

scholarly journals Empirical Design Considerations for Industrial Centrifugal Compressors

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Xu ◽  
Ryoichi S. Amano
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Design Guideline ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Centrifugal Stage ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
Compressor Design ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Ported Shroud ◽  
Empirical Design

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been extensively used in centrifugal compressor design. CFD provides further optimisation opportunities for the compressor design rather than designing the centrifugal compressor. The experience-based design process still plays an important role for new compressor developments. The wide variety of design subjects represents a very complex design world for centrifugal compressor designers. Therefore, some basic information for centrifugal design is still very important. The impeller is the key part of the centrifugal stage. Designing a highly efficiency impeller with a wide operation range can ensure overall stage design success. This paper provides some empirical information for designing industrial centrifugal compressors with a focus on the impeller. A ported shroud compressor basic design guideline is also discussed for improving the compressor range.

A New Slip Factor Correlation for Centrifugal Impellers in a Wide Range of Flow Coefficients and Peripheral Mach Numbers

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Scotti Del Greco ◽  
Fernando Roberto Biagi ◽  
Giuseppe Sassanelli ◽  
Vittorio Michelassi
Keyword(s):  
Design Activity ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Slip Factor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Design Cycle ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Mach Numbers

The preliminary design of new centrifugal stages often relies on one-dimensional codes implementing the concept of slip factor. This parameter plays a primary role in the stage design process since it directly affects the calculation of the impeller work coefficient and hence of the components situated downstream. Classical slip factor correlations may not always provide a satisfactory accuracy and generally they fail while attempting at covering a design space in a wide range of flow coefficients and peripheral Mach numbers. In that case the preliminary design has to be refined with more advanced tools, such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Often this process needs to be repeated several times before the design cycle ends. In order to predict more effectively the work coefficient as well as to reduce the number of iterations between 1D/CFD codes during the design activity, a new correlation has been developed, which is based on a large number of historical data from both CFD and experimental results. Accurate statistical analyses have shown that slip factor can be strongly linked to significant flow and geometry parameters by means of the outlet deviation angle. As the available calibration dataset gets more and more populated, the presence of specific constants in the structure of the correlation allows the designer to improve the accuracy of predictions.

scholarly journals Low-inertia centrifugal compressor wheels: Aerodynamic and mechanical design

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 168781401769069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Fischer ◽  
Joerg R Seume
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Operating Stability ◽  
Compressor Impeller ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Stage Efficiency

A new centrifugal compressor impeller design approach is presented, focusing on electrically driven compressors for gasoline engine and fuel cell applications. The performance and mechanical integrity are evaluated based on numerical simulations. Additionally, the numerical model is applied to several variations of the diffuser and volute geometries, in order to evaluate stage characteristics for diffuser area ratios of 110% and 150%, volute area ratios from 60% to 90%, and diffuser pinch ratios from 60% to 80%. The preliminary performance results show the capability to achieve a flow range comparable to a larger state-of-the-art impeller, with minor penalties regarding stage efficiency and near surge operating stability.

scholarly journals Physical and Numerical Modeling of Landslide-Generated Tsunamis: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Romano
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Tsunami Generation ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Shed Light

Landslide-generated tsunamis represent a serious source of hazard for many coastal and lacustrine communities. The understanding of the complex physical phenomena that govern the tsunami generation, propagation and interaction with the coast is essential to reduce and mitigate the tsunamis risk. Experimental, analytical, and numerical models have been extensively used (both as separated tools and in conjunction) to shed light on these complicated natural events. In this work, a non-exhaustive update of the state of the art related to the physical and numerical modeling techniques of landslide-generated tsunamis, with a special focus on those studies published in the last ten years, is provided. As far as numerical models are concerned, a special attention is paid to the most recently developed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques, whose development and application have experienced a boost up the last decade.

CFD Modeling Predictions of Near Burner Jet Region and Comparison With Sandia Flame

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibhor Mehrotra ◽  
Jonathan Berkoe ◽  
Rajesh Rawat ◽  
Phillip J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Single Port ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Pollutant Formation ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Fuel Jet ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Turbulence Mixing ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

Quantitative emissions prediction in industrial process furnaces is as difficult as it is important. A wide range of length and time scales must be bridged to capture the flow physics and chemistry of combustion and pollutant formation. This paper focuses on gathering and testing the state of the art for turbulence, mixing and reaction subgrid scale (SGS) models as they are applied to the near burner region using a commercial CFD code. The Fluent® version 5.5 computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is used to simulate a single port, axisymmetric fuel jet of 50% (by vol.) methane and 50% hydrogen in a co-flowing air stream (Sandia flame HM1a). This configuration is chosen for its simplicity and for the wealth of experimental data available [1]. The intermediate goal is to predict temperature and species concentration accurately that may affect the prediction of NO concentrations in the flue products. Therefore, flow dynamics, heat transfer; combustion and NOx chemistry are important issues and will be analyzed in this paper.

Design Procedure of a Novel Micro-Turbine Low NOx Conical Wire-Mesh Duct Burner

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar B. Ramadan ◽  
J. E. Donald Gauthier ◽  
Patrick M. Hughes ◽  
Robert Brandon
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Laser Sheet ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Micro Turbine ◽  
Duct Burner

Nowadays, air pollution and climate change have become a global environmental problem. As a result, government regulations worldwide are becoming increasingly stringent. This has led to an urgent need to develop new designs and methods for improving combustion systems to minimize the production of toxic emissions, such as nitrogen oxides. Micro-turbine based cogeneration units are one of the interesting alternatives for combined electrical power and heat generation (CHP). Micro-turbine CHP technology still needs to be developed to increase efficiency, heat-to-power ratio and improve operating flexibility. This can all be obtained by adding a duct burner to the CHP unit. This paper documents the design process for a novel low NOx conical wire-mesh duct burner for the development of a more efficient micro-cogeneration unit. This burner provides the thermal energy necessary to raise the micro-turbine exhaust gases temperature to increase the heat recovery capability. The duct burner implements both lean premixed and surface combustion techniques to achieve low NOx and CO emission levels. The design process includes a set of preliminary design procedures relating the use of empirical and semi-empirical models. The preliminary design procedures were verified and validated for key components, such as the duct burner premixer, using Laser sheet illumination technique (LSI). The LSI was used to study the mixing process inside the premixer fitted with different swirlers. The designed duct burner was successfully operated in a blue flame mode over a wide range of conditions with NOx emissions of less than 5 ppmv and CO emissions of less than 10 ppmv (corrected to 15% O2).

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