The Differential Compound Engine—A New Integrated Engine Transmission System Concept for Heavy Vehicles

1983 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
F J Wallace ◽  
M Tarabad ◽  
D Howard
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmissions ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
High Output ◽  
Steady State Performance

The paper describes the evolution of the concept of the differential compound engine (DCE) from its original form based on a two stroke diesel engine and a very simple control scheme to its latest form based on a high output four stroke direct injection (DI) diesel engine with an electronically governed fuel pump combined with microprocessor control of variable turbine nozzles and the ultimate possibility of a controlled variable transmission between the turbine and the output shaft. A detailed description of the control system is followed by a discussion of the steady state performance characteristics showing the very significant advantages of the DCE over existing stepped or continuously variable transmissions coupled to turbocharged diesel engines.

Explorative Investigation on Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Biodiesel blended with Ethanol and Hydrogen in Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engine and prediction through Artificial Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanigaivelan V ◽  
Lavanya R
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

Abstract Emission from the DI diesel engine is series setback for environment viewpoint. Intended for that investigates for alternative biofuel is persuaded. The important hitches with the utilization of biofuels and their blends in DI diesel engines are higher emanations and inferior brake-thermal efficiency as associated to sole diesel fuel. In this effort, Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) biodiesel, hydrogen and ethanol (BHE) mixtures remained verified in a direct-injection diesel engine with single cylinder to examine the performance and discharge features of the engine. The ethanol remained supplemented 5%, 10% and 15% correspondingly through enhanced CNSL as well as hydrogen functioned twin fuel engine. The experiments done in a direct injection diesel engine with single-cylinder at steadystate conditions above the persistent RPM (1500RPM). Throughout the experiment, emissions of pollutants such as fuel consumption rate (SFC), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and pressure of the fuel were also measured. cylinders. The experimental results show that, compared to diesel fuel, the braking heat of the biodiesel mixture is reduced by 26.79-24% and the BSFC diminutions with growing addition of ethanol from the CNSL hydrogen mixture. The BTE upsurges thru a rise in ethanol proportion with CNSL hydrogen mixtures. Finally, the optimum combination of ethanol with CNSL hydrogen blends led to the reduced levels of HC and CO emissions with trivial upsurge in exhaust gas temperature and NOx emissions. This paper reconnoiters the routine of artificial neural networks (ANN) to envisage recital, ignition and discharges effect.

Engine Analysis of Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine Fuelled With Sunflower Oil, Sunflower Oil Methyl Ester and Its Blends

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Anandram ◽  
S. Ramakrishnan ◽  
J. Karthick ◽  
S. Saravanan ◽  
G. LakshmiNarayanaRao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Emission ◽  
Oil Sunflower

In the present work, the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of sunflower oil, sunflower methyl ester and its blends were studied and compared with diesel by employing them as fuel in a single cylinder, direct injection, 4.4 KW, air cooled diesel engine. Emission measurements were carried out using five-gas exhaust gas analyzer and smoke meter. The performance characteristics of Sunflower oil, Sunflower methyl ester and its blends were comparable with those of diesel. The components of exhaust such as HC, CO, NOx and soot concentration of the fuels were measured and presented as a function of load and it was observed that the blends had similar performance and emission characteristics as those of diesel. NOx emissions of sunflower oil methyl ester were slightly higher than that of diesel but that of sunflower oil was slightly lower than that of diesel. With respect to the combustion characteristics it was found that the biofuels have lower ignition delay than diesel. The heat release rate was very high for diesel than for the biofuel.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel-Tomato Seed Oil Biodiesel Blending by ANOVA and ANN

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karami ◽  
Rasul ◽  
Khan ◽  
Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Considering the differences between diesel and biodiesel fuels, the engine condition should be modified based on the fuel or fuel blends to achieve optimum performance. This study presented a performance analysis of a direct-injected (DI) diesel engine with a dynamometer fueled with diesel-tomato seed biodiesel (TSOB) blends employing ANOVA and universal nonlinear model based on ANN. The experiments were carried out under conditions of some independent variables including different engine loads (0, 50, 100%) and speed (1800, 2150, and 2500 rpm) for four diesel-biodiesel combinations (B0, B5, B10, and B20). In this research, the effect of these factors on dependent variables including power, torque, SFC, FC, and Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) are investigated. Duncan′s multi-domain test at a significance level of R < 0.01 shows that the highest and lowest of the torque and power are produced from B5 and B20, respectively. These results show that the lowest EGT of 613 K is related to B20 and the highest EGT is related to B5 and B10. The regression models showed that the torque decreases with increasing the engine speed and biodiesel percentage. These results also show that the highest and the lowest SFC is related to B0 and B20, respectively. The ANN model shows high capability of predicting the engine performance parameters and emissions, without running costly and time-consuming experiments with the histogram error of 0.004 and R = 0.96. It also proved that ANN is a non-linear model of choice to deal with these data, instead of multivariate linear regression employed for preliminary analysis.

Phenomenology of Smoke From Direct Injection Diesel Engine

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. V. Aghav ◽  
P. A. Lakshminarayanan ◽  
M. K. G. Babu ◽  
N. S. Nayak ◽  
A. D. Dani
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Turbulence Structure ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine ◽  
Wall Impingement ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Dissipation Model ◽  
Wall Interaction

A phenomenological model for smoke prediction from a direct injection (DI) diesel engine is newly evolved from an eddy dissipation model of Dent [1]. The turbulence structure of fuel spray is developed by incorporating the wall impingement to explain smoke formed in free and wall portions. The spray wall interaction is unavoidable in case of modern DI diesel engines of bore less than 125 mm. The new model is one dimensional and based on the recent phenomenological description of spray combustion in direct injection diesel engine. Integration of net soot rate and no need to use empirical tuning constants are the important features, which distinguish the model from existing models. Smoke values are successfully predicted using this model for an engine with heavy-duty applications under widely varying operating conditions.

Performance of a direct injection diesel engine fuelled with a dimethyl ether/diesel blend

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (9) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Hewu ◽  
Zhou Longbao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Blend Fuel ◽  
Co Emission ◽  
Diesel Operation

A quantity of 10 per cent dimethyl ether (DME) was added to diesel fuel, and an investigation of the performance of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine fuelled with blend fuel was carried out. The test results showed that, in comparison with diesel operation, the torque at low engine speed was increased; the brake specific fuel consumption (b.s.f.c.) with speed characteristics at full load was reduced by 20 g/kW h on average; the smoke was reduced significantly, and the coeffcient of light absorption of smoke decreased by 50 per cent; the NOx and HC emissions were also clearly reduced, and the CO emission was at the same level as that of a diesel engine.

A Numerical Study of NOx Reduction for a DI Diesel Engine With Complex Geometry

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renshan Liu ◽  
Chao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Di Diesel Engine

A numerical study of NOx reduction for a Direct Injection (DI) Diesel engine with complex geometry, which includes intake/exhaust ports and moving valves, was carried out using the commercial computational fluid dynamics software KIVA-3v. The numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of engine operating and geometrical parameters, including fuel injection timing, fuel injection duration, and piston bowl depth, on the NOx formation and the thermal efficiency of the DI Diesel engine. The tradeoff relationships between the reduction in NOx and the decrease in thermal efficiency were established.

Simultaneous Reduction of Oxides of Nitrogen and Smoke Emissions by Using EGR Combined With Particulate Trap in a DI Diesel Engine

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Anand ◽  
N. V. Mahalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Di Diesel Engine

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) combined with particulate trap technology has proven to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) and smoke emissions simultaneously at relatively low cost compared to other reduction strategies. An experimental study was conducted on a single cylinder, direct injection (DI) diesel engine to study the effect of EGR on engine performance and emissions under constant speed of 1500 rpm at various loads. In the present work hot and cool EGR were used to control the formation of NOx in a D.I diesel engine. The findings of both hot and cool EGR are discussed and compared at full load condition corresponding to the maximum allowable EGR proportion of 15%. It is found that cool EGR has a substantial reduction in NOx and smoke emissions compared to hot EGR. Based on the above result it is found that suitable particulate trap which is cost effective and high trapping efficiency is needed before the EGR cooler to reduce the smoke emissions to meet the emission standards. In the present study a substrate made of clay material was used in the particulate trap. They were made into spheres and coated with copper and zinc oxide catalyst material. The results have shown that EGR combined with particulate trap simultaneously reduces the NOx and smoke emissions by 63% and 42% respectively where as it increases brake specific fuel consumption by 10% compared to baseline mode.

scholarly journals Preheating Of Sunflower Blended Biodiesel for the Improvement of Performance Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine under Various Loads

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-926
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
And Performance

Due to fast depletion of fuel and for the huge demand of various engine fuels in large sectors and power generation, thse biodiesel which is derived from biological wastes can be a substitute of pure diesel oil. Diesel engine has the benefits of low fuel consumption, high potency, smart economical and dynamic performance. However at the identical time, the diesel engine has high NOx and soot emissions. And these two sorts of emissions provides a trade-off relationship which can bring difficulties to satisfy the necessities of emission rules of NOx and soot. This particular paper primarily reviews regarding using of preheated bio-diesel that contains 20 percentage of pure sunflower oil (biological name-Helianthus annuus) and analyses its performance characteristics for selected blend with completely variable loads. Various experiments were carried out by employing a four stroke single cylinder, direct injection, water cooled diesel engine with suitable specifications. Helianthus oil is mixed with bio diesel for fast burning inside the engine cylinder and by doing so , the Cetane number is quite high that leads to the ignition delay shorter. Therefore the overall content is preheated somewhat in order to lift its temperature so as to boost the burning process. Incorporating to this , it reduces the various emissions such as NOx, CO and smoke capacity by 2% to 3%. Various parameters are required to outline the analysis of combustion and performance characteristics of the test fuel like brake thermal efficiency(BTE),basic specific fuel consumption(BSFC), basic specific energy consumption (BSEC),temperature of the exhaust gas and emissions like NOx, unburn hydrocarbons(HC), carbon monoxide(CO) and smoke were carried out in the specified engine

Investigating the Effect of Utilizing New Induction Manifold Designs on the Combustion Characteristics and Emissions of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Bassiony ◽  
Abdellatif M. Sadiq ◽  
Mohammed T. Gergawy ◽  
Samer F. Ahmed ◽  
Saud A. Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

New induction manifold designs have been developed in this work to enhance the turbulence intensity and improve the mixing quality inside diesel engine cylinders. These new designs employ a spiral-helical shape with three different helical diameters (1D, 2D, 3D; where D is the inner diameter of the manifold) and three port outlet angles: 0 deg, 30 deg, and 60 deg. The new manifolds have been manufactured using three-dimensional printing technique. Computational fluid dynamics simulations have been conducted to estimate the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and the induction swirl generated by these new designs. The combustion characteristics that include the maximum pressure raise rate (dP/dθ) and the peak pressure inside the cylinder have been measured for a direct injection (DI) diesel engine utilizing these new manifold designs. In addition, engine performance and emissions have also been evaluated and compared with those of the normal manifold of the engine. It was found that the new manifolds with 1D helical diameter produce a high TKE and a reasonably strong induction swirl, while the ones with 2D and 3D generate lower TKEs and higher induction swirls than those of 1D. Therefore, dP/dθ and peak pressure were the highest with manifolds 1D, in particular manifold m (D, 30). Moreover, this manifold has provided the lowest fuel consumption with the engine load by about 28% reduction in comparison with the normal manifold. For engine emissions, m (D, 30) manifold has generated the lowest CO, SO2, and smoke emissions compared with the normal and other new manifolds as well, while the NO emission was the highest with this manifold.

Optimum control of an automotive direct injection diesel engine for low exhaust emissions

2001 ◽  
Vol 215 (11) ◽  
pp. 1225-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Capobianco
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Definition Of

The paper presents the latest results of a wide investigation performed at the University of Genoa on the control of automotive direct injection (DI) diesel engines. A dedicated procedure was developed which enables analysis of the behaviour of engine operating parameters as a function of two control variables with a limited amount of experimental information and the definition of proper control strategies. A first application of the procedure is presented in the paper with reference to a typical turbocharged DI diesel engine for automotive applications. The exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate and the position of the turbocharger waste-gate regulating valve were assumed as control variables and the behaviour of the most important engine parameters was analysed in a wide range for 15 steady state operating conditions related to the European driving cycle. Particular attention was paid to the most significant pollutant emissions and to the exhaust boundary conditions for the application of a low temperature lean de-NOx catalyst. Two different control strategies were also developed by which the catalyst conversion efficiency and the NOx engine tail pipe emission were individually optimized, taking account of some operating limits for specific parameters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document