Relation between Chronic Disease Morbidity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Controlling for Percent Body Fat

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S34
Author(s):  
Allen W. Jackson ◽  
James R. Morrow ◽  
Steven N. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Percent Body Fat

Abstract P282: Does Cardiorespiratory Fitness Modify the Association Between Sitting Time and Obesity?

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn E Barlow ◽  
Kerem Shuval ◽  
Bijal Balasubramanian ◽  
Darla E Kendzor ◽  
Carrie E Finley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Waist Girth ◽  
Product Term

Purpose: To examine the association between sitting time and markers of obesity in healthy men and women and explore the potential modifying role of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 4,486 men and 1,845 women enrolled in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study for the period 2010-2013 was conducted. Key exposures included self-reported sitting time and CRF. Sitting time was self-reported as 1) almost none of the time (about 0%), 2) approximately one quarter of the time (about 25%), 3) approximately half of the time (about 50%), 4) approximately three quarters of the time (about 75%), and 5) almost all of the time (about 100%). CRF was estimated from time spent on a treadmill during a graded exercise test. Obesity outcomes were defined in three ways: 1) waist girth (≥102 cm for men; ≥88 cm for women); 2) BMI (≥30 kg/m2); and 3) percent body fat (≥25% for men; ≥30% for women). Sex-specific multivariable models were constructed to examine the association between sitting time and each obesity outcome, separately, and adjusted for covariates including age, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. A cross product term of sitting time and CRF was included in the full model to assess the possibility of effect modification. Results: In unadjusted analysis, obesity outcomes significantly varied across categories of sitting time in men and women. In men, significant associations were observed between sitting 75% of the time or more and each measure of adiposity which remained after adjustment for CRF and other covariates. For example, men who sat about 100% of the time were more than two times as likely to be obese whether defined by waist girth (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 1.25, 5.47), or percent body fat (OR: 3.33; 95% CI: 1.35, 8.20) relative to men who sat about 0% of the time. Similar to the results for men, associations between sitting time and each measure of adiposity were seen in women when adjusted for age. However, when CRF and other covariates were added to the model, these associations were no longer statistically significant. In addition, the sitting time x CRF terms did not reach statistical significance for any obesity outcome. Conclusion: In this healthy population, the relation between obesity and sitting time varied by sex. Men who sat more were more likely to be obese by any definition. However, no significant associations were observed between sitting time and obesity among women after adjustment for CRF and other covariates. In addition, CRF did not appear to modify this association in either men or women. These results suggest that women, at least, can offset sedentary behavior by being fit. Further research is needed to understand the disparate effects of sitting time on obesity as seen in these healthy women. Furthermore, prospective research studies are needed to elucidate the causal association between obesity and sitting time.

Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Percent Body Fat with Incident Metabolic Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Duck-chul Lee ◽  
Xuemei Sui ◽  
Enrique G. Artero ◽  
Steven N. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Percent Body Fat

scholarly journals Association between Exercise-Induced Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity among Overweight and Obese Youth: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
Mikel Izquierdo ◽  
Alicia M. Alonso-Martínez ◽  
Avery Faigenbaum ◽  
Jordi Olloquequi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Obese Youth ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

The aim of this study was to determine the minimum change in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) required to reduce adiposity (percent body fat) in exercise programs for overweight and obese youth. Studies were identified through a systematic search of five databases. Studies were limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise training (e.g., aerobic, strength, concurrent) that assessed percent body fat and CRF for both exercise and control groups in overweight and obese children and adolescents. A series of meta-regressions were conducted to explore links between change in CRF (maximum oxygen consumption, ml/kg/min) and change in percent body fat. Twenty-three RCTs were included (n = 1790, 59% females). Meta-regression analysis suggested that increases of at least 0.38 mL/kg/min in CRF (p < 0.001) were considered to be a clinically important reduction of percent body fat (−2.30%, 95% confidence interval −3.02 to −1.58; p < 0.001; I2 = 92.2%). Subgroup analysis showed that increases of at least 0.17 mL/kg/min in CRF favored a reduction of percent body fat of −1.62% (95% confidence interval −2.04 to −1.20; p < 0.001; I2 = 69.9%). In conclusion, this change in CRF could be considered by pediatric researchers, youth fitness specialists, and health care providers to determine the effectiveness in body fat reductions through exercise.

The Relations Among Body Mass Index, Percent Body Fat, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S494
Author(s):  
Allen W. Jackson ◽  
James R. Morrow ◽  
Steven N. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Percent Body Fat

Skeletal muscle TLR4 and TACE are associated with body fat percentage in older adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle L. Timmerman ◽  
Ian D. Connors ◽  
Michael A. Deal ◽  
Rachael E. Mott
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk

Elevated skeletal muscle expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been linked to increased inflammation in clinical populations. TNFα converting enzyme (TACE), which cleaves membrane-bound TNFα (mTNFα) to its soluble (sTNFα) and more bioactive form, has been linked to chronic disease. In contrast, higher physical activity level is associated with decreased chronic disease risk and inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between physical activity and skeletal muscle TLR4, TACE, and TNFα in older adults. In 26 older adults (age = 68 ± 4 years, body mass index = 26 ± 3 kg·m−2), self-reported physical activity (kcal·week−1), estimated maximal oxygen consumption, and body composition (air plethysmography) were measured. TLR4, TACE, mTNFα, and sTNFα were measured in skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) using western blot analyses. Pearson product-moment correlations were run between variables. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Skeletal muscle TACE was directly associated with sTNFα (r = 0.53, p < 0.01). Linear regression modeling showed that mTNFα and TACE expression were predictive of sTNFα expression. No correlations were observed between physical activity and TLR4, TACE, or sTNFα. Percent body fat was directly associated with skeletal muscle TLR4 (r = 0.52, p < 0.01) and TACE (r = 0.50, p < 0.01), whereas fasting blood glucose was directly associated with TACE and sTNFα. In conclusion, we found that percent body fat was directly associated with TLR4 and TACE expression in skeletal muscle of older adults. These findings suggest that elevated skeletal muscle expression of TLR4 and TACE may contribute to the augmented inflammation and chronic disease risk observed with increased adiposity.

Percent Body Fat and Chronic Disease Risk Factors in U.S. Children and Youth

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. S77-S86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B. Going ◽  
Timothy G. Lohman ◽  
Ellen C. Cussler ◽  
Daniel P. Williams ◽  
John A. Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk

scholarly journals High percent body fat mass predicts lower risk of cardiac events in patients with heart failure: an explanation of the obesity paradox

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Ohori ◽  
Toshiyuki Yano ◽  
Satoshi Katano ◽  
Hidemichi Kouzu ◽  
Suguru Honma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Cardiac Event ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Abstract Background Although high body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor of heart failure (HF), HF patients with a higher BMI had a lower mortality rate than that in HF patients with normal or lower BMI, a phenomenon that has been termed the “obesity paradox”. However, the relationship between body composition, i.e., fat or muscle mass, and clinical outcome in HF remains unclear. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data for 198 consecutive HF patients (76 years of age; males, 49%). Patients who were admitted to our institute for diagnosis and management of HF and received a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan were included regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) categories. Muscle wasting was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass index < 7.0 kg/m2 in males and < 5.4 kg/m2 in females. Increased percent body fat mass (increased FM) was defined as percent body fat > 25% in males and > 30% in females. Results The median age of the patients was 76 years (interquartile range [IQR], 67–82 years) and 49% of them were male. The median LVEF was 47% (IQR, 33–63%) and 33% of the patients had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Increased FM and muscle wasting were observed in 58 and 67% of the enrolled patients, respectively. During a 180-day follow-up period, 32 patients (16%) had cardiac events defined as cardiac death or readmission by worsening HF or arrhythmia. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with increased FM had a lower cardiac event rate than did patients without increased FM (11.4% vs. 22.6%, p = 0.03). Kaplan-Meier curves of cardiac event rates did not differ between patients with and those without muscle wasting (16.5% vs. 15.4%, p = 0.93). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, increased FM was independently associated with lower cardiac event rates (hazard ratio: 0.45, 95% confidence interval: 0.22–0.93) after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes, muscle wasting, and renal function. Conclusions High percent body fat mass is associated with lower risk of short-term cardiac events in HF patients.

Discriminant Analysis of Personality and Body-Image Factors of Females Differing in Percent Body Fat

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-552
Author(s):  
Michael Young ◽  
T. Gilmour Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Personality Factor Questionnaire ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Body Cathexis

The purpose of the study was to determine whether individuals with high percent body fat can be distinguished on the basis of personality and body-image from those possessing lower levels of body fat. 65 female college students were administered the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire and the Secord and Jourard Body-cathexis Scale. Measurements of height, weight, and skin folds at the triceps and illiac crest were also taken. On the basis of percent body fat two groups of 20 females each (high and low percent body fat) were identified. From discriminant analyses one personality factor and six body-image items were identified which distinguished between groups. Reclassification of the subjects, based upon derived discriminant functions, resulted in 60.0% of the subjects being correctly reclassified from personality data and 100% of the subjects correctly reclassified from body-image data. Body-image appears to be an important factor that can distinguish between individuals possessing high and low levels of body fat.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document