A Comparison Of Two Pre-season Measures Of Body Weight, Percent Body Fat, Peak Torque, And Percent Decline In College Wrestlers

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Doug Smith ◽  
Aric Warren ◽  
Matt O‘Brien ◽  
Steve Rossi ◽  
Thomas Buford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Percent Decline

Trained vs untrained evaluator assessment of body condition score as a predictor of percent body fat in adult cats

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 957-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K Shoveller ◽  
Joe DiGennaro ◽  
Cynthia Lanman ◽  
Dawn Spangler
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Veterinary Technician ◽  
Adult Cats

Body condition scoring (BCS) provides a readily available technique that can be used by both veterinary professionals and owners to assess the body condition of cats, and diagnose overweight or underweight conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate a five-point BCS system with half-point delineations using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Four evaluators (a veterinarian, veterinary technician, trained scorer and untrained scorer) assessed 133 neutered adult cats. For all scorers, BCS score was more strongly correlated with percent body fat than with body weight. Percent body fat increased by approximately 7% within each step increase in BCS. The veterinarian had the strongest correlation coefficient between BCS and percent fat (r = 0.80). Mean body fat in cats classified as being in ideal body condition was 12 and 19%, for 3.0 and 3.5 BCS, respectively. Within BCS category, male cats were significantly heavier in body weight than females within the same assigned BCS category. However, DXA-measured percent body fat did not differ significantly between male and female cats within BCS category, as assigned by the veterinarian ( P >0.13). Conversely, when assessed by others, mean percent body fat within BCS category was lower in males than females for cats classified as being overweight (BCS >4.0). The results of this study show that using a BCS system that has been validated within a range of normal weight to moderately overweight cats can help to differentiate between lean cats and cats that may not be excessively overweight, but that still carry a higher proportion of body fat.

Effects of Reinforcement Based Exercise on Fitness and Work Productivity in Adults with Mental Retardation

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Croce ◽  
Michael Horvat
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Percent Body Fat

The present study evaluated the effects of a reinforcement based aerobic and resistance exercise program on three obese men with mental retardation and below average fitness levels. A multiple-baseline-across-subjects design was employed to evaluate treatment effectiveness and retention of treatment effects on five dependent measures: body weight, percent body fat (body composition), oxygen consumption (predicted max V̇O2 in ml/kg/min), composite isometric strength (in kg of force), and work productivity (pieces of work completed). Subjects improved during treatment from their baseline scores on cardiovascular fitness, strength, and work productivity measurements (p<.05); however, retention of gains made during treatment were inconsistent and the data that indicated subjects’ scores were regressing back toward baseline measurements. There were no significant differences for body weight and percent body fat measurements for treatment and retention phases (p>.05). Results indicated that adults with mental retardation respond to a progressive exercise program in much the same manner as their nonretarded peers and that such an exercise program can facilitate job performance.

Physical Fitness of Trained Runners with and without Mild Mental Retardation

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia C. Frey ◽  
Jeffrey A. McCubbin ◽  
Steve Hannigan-Downs ◽  
Susan L Kasser ◽  
Steven O. Skaggs
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Mild Mental Retardation ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
Trained Runners

The purpose of this study was to compare physical fitness levels of trained runners with mild mental retardation (MMR) (7 males and 2 females, age = 28.7 ± 7.4 years, weight = 67.0 ± 11.7 kg) and those without (7 males and 2 females, age = 29.1 ± 7.5, weight = 68.7 ± 8.8 kg). Paired t tests revealed no differences between runners with and without MMR on measures of V̇O2peak (56.3 ± 9.1 vs. 57.7 ± 4.1 ml · kg-1 · min-1), percent body fat (16.6 ± 8.4 vs. 16.6 ± 3.1), and lower back/hamstring flexibility (33.1 ± 10.9 vs. 28.6 ± 10.1 cm). Knee flexion (KF) and extension (KE) strength were significantly greater in runners without MMR compared to those with MMR (KF peak torque = 65.7 ±7.9 vs. 48.7 ± 15.7 ft/lb; KE peak torque = 138.5 ± 17.7 vs. 104.4 ± 29.9 ft/lb). It was concluded that trained runners with MMR can achieve high levels of physical fitness comparable to individuals without MMR.

Resistive training increases fat-free mass and maintains RMR despite weight loss in postmenopausal women

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 818-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Ryan ◽  
R. E. Pratley ◽  
D. Elahi ◽  
A. P. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Resistive Training

Percent body fat increases with age and is often accompanied by a loss in muscle mass, strength, and energy expenditure. The effects of 16 wk of resistive training (RT) alone or with weight loss (RTWL) on strength (isokinetic dynamometer), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), resting metabolic rate (RMR) (indirect calorimetry), and sympathetic nervous system activity (catecholamines) were examined in 15 postmenopausal women (50–69 yr). RT resulted in significant improvements in upper and lower body strength in both groups (P < 0.01). The nonobese women in the RT group (n = 8) did not change their body weight or fat mass with training. In the obese RTWL group (n = 7), body weight, fat mass, and percent body fat were significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Fat-free mass and RMR significantly increased with training in both groups combined (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in resting arterialized plasma norepinephrine or epinephrine levels in either group with training. RT increases strength with and without weight loss. Furthermore, RT and RTWL increase fat-free mass and RMR and decrease percent fat in postmenopausal women. Thus, RT may be a valuable component of an integrated weight management program in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals The effects of physiological adaptations to calorie restriction on global cell proliferation rates

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (4) ◽  
pp. E735-E745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Bruss ◽  
Airlia C. S. Thompson ◽  
Ishita Aggarwal ◽  
Cyrus F. Khambatta ◽  
Marc K. Hellerstein
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Running Wheels

Calorie restriction (CR) reduces the rate of cell proliferation in mitotic tissues. It has been suggested that this reduction in cell proliferation may mediate CR-induced increases in longevity. However, the mechanisms that lead to CR-induced reductions in cell proliferation rates remain unclear. To evaluate the CR-induced physiological adaptations that may mediate reductions in cell proliferation rates, we altered housing temperature and access to voluntary running wheels to determine the effects of food intake, energy expenditure, percent body fat, and body weight on proliferation rates of keratinocytes, liver cells, mammary epithelial cells, and splenic T-cells in C57BL/6 mice. We found that ∼20% CR led to a reduction in cell proliferation rates in all cell types. However, lower cell proliferation rates were not observed with reductions in 1) food intake and energy expenditure in female mice housed at 27°C, 2) percent body fat in female mice provided running wheels, or 3) body weight in male mice provided running wheels compared with ad libitum-fed controls. In contrast, reductions in insulin-like growth factor I were associated with decreased cell proliferation rates. Taken together, these data suggest that CR-induced reductions in food intake, energy expenditure, percent body fat, and body weight do not account for the reductions in global cell proliferation rates observed in CR. In addition, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that reduced cell proliferation rates could be useful as a biomarker of interventions that increase longevity.

scholarly journals Correlation between Height And Percent Body Fat with Musculoskeletal Fitness at Adolesence

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Kamilia Rahmayanti ◽  
Trini Sudiarti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Nutrients Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

<em>This study aims to determine the relationship between energy and nutrients intake, body weight, height, BMI-for-Age, percent body fat, physical activity, and socioeconomic status with musculoskeletal fitness. This study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 151 students from </em>5<em> Bekasi High School class X and XI were included in this study. Food intake was measured using 2x24 hours food recall, physical activity using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), </em><em>anthropometri by direct measurement, and socioeconomic using Family Affluence Scale (FAS) questionnaire. Regression analysis for bivariate and Anova for analysis of socioeconomic status.  The results of this study showed that there were a significant relationship between energy (p=0,001) and nutrients intake (carbohydrate p=0,037; protein (p=0,001; fat (p=0,001), body weight (p=0,002), height (p=0,001), percent body fat (p=0,001), and physical activity (p=0,001) with musculoskeletal fitness before controlled by sex. After stratification analysis by sex, there was a significant relationship between height and percent body fat with musculoskeletal fitness(p&lt;0,005), but only found in male students.</em>

scholarly journals Effect of Daily Macadamia Nut Consumption on Anthropometric Indices in Overweight and Obese Men and Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 589-589
Author(s):  
Julie Jones ◽  
Sujatha Rajaram ◽  
Celine Heskey ◽  
Rawiwan Sirirat ◽  
Abigail Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Macadamia Nuts

Abstract Objectives We sought to assess the effect of daily consumption of macadamia nuts as 15% of calories on body weight, BMI, waist circumference, percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass in overweight/obese men and women with elevated cardiometabolic risk. Methods Utilizing a randomized crossover design, we randomized 38 subjects to consume macadamia nuts daily as 15% of calories for 8 weeks (intervention) and their usual diet for 8 weeks (control), with a 2-week washout. Three subjects dropped out early; n = 35 for analysis. Subjects were healthy men and postmenopausal women with a BMI of 25–39, a waist circumference of &gt;101.6 cm for men and &gt;88.9 cm for women, and one additional cardiovascular risk factor (fasting plasma glucose &gt;100 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl, total cholesterol &gt;200 mg/dL, LDL-C &gt; 100 mg/dL, blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg or taking anti-hypertensive medication). Macadamia nuts were provided in pre-weighed daily portions as 15% of calories calculated using the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation. Percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass (kg) were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. A mixed model analysis was performed with treatment, sequence, phase, and baseline values as fixed-effect terms and subjects as a random-effects term. Results Compared to control, consumption of macadamia nuts led to a mean weight change of –348 g (84.13 vs. 83.78 kg; P = 0.15) a mean BMI change of –0.15 kg/m2 (30.61 vs. 30.47 kg/m2; P = 0.12), and a mean waist circumference change of 0.17 cm (107.41 vs. 107.58 cm; P = 0.61). Percent body fat increased by an average of 0.26% after eating nuts (42.70 vs. 42.96%; P = 0.16). Skeletal muscle mass was slightly but significantly lower after eating nuts with a mean change of –0.237 kg (26.33 vs. 26.09 kg; P = 0.017). Conclusions Daily consumption of high-fat macadamia nuts for eight weeks in overweight and obese individuals did not change anthropometrics including body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and % body fat. Skeletal muscle mass was slightly lowered but likely not clinically relevant. Funding Sources Hort Innovation, Sydney, Australia.

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