Associations Between Physical Activity, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, And Social Physique Anxiety Among Young Adults

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) memiliki perilaku menghindar yang dilakukan secara berulang ketika mengalami kecemasan yang berlebihan. Perilaku menghindar dijadikan sebagai bentuk koping untuk mengurangi perasaan cemas tersebut, sehingga individu menjadi tergantung pada perilaku menghindar dan cenderung akan dilakukan kembali ketika menghadapi kecemasan di lain waktu. Dalam penelitian ini, sebagian besar partisipan dengan usia sekitar 22-28 tahun dengan subyek sebanyak 5 perempuan dan 1 laki-laki melaporkan bahwa kecemasan menyebabkan perubahan dalam pekerjaan dan kegiatan sehari-hari, sehingga terganggunya aktivitas sehari-hari dan pekerjaan menjadi tidak optimal. Perilaku menghindar diukur dengan Multidimensional Experiental Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) dan dan tingkat kecemasan GAD diukur dengan menggunakan skala The GAD-7. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk menggambarkan perilaku menghindar dan metode kuantitatif untuk melihat efektivitas art therapy dalam mengurangi perilaku menghindar dan menurunkan tingkat kecemasan pada dewasa awal. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan metode snowball sampling. Pemberian art therapy pada masing-masing subyek dilakukan sebanyak tujuh sesi. Dalam penelitian ini, art therapy telah terbukti dapat mengurangi perilaku menghindar dan menurunkan tingkat kecemasan pada dewasa awal yang sedang bekerja dengan menunjukan perubahan perilaku menghindar dan tingkat kecemasan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Keberhasilan penelitian art therapy ini juga dipengaruhi oleh adanya kesadaran para partisipan untuk secara konsisten dalam mengikuti sesi terapi. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) includes repeating avoidance behavior when experiencing excessive anxiety. Avoidance behavior is a coping mechanism to reduce anxiety, resulting in individuals become dependent on avoidance behavior and tend to repeat it again when facing anxiety in the future. In this study, most participants aged around 22-28 years with as many as 5 women and 1 man reported that anxiety caused changes in work and daily activities, where there is disruption of daily activities and work become less than optimal. Avoidance behavior is measured by Multidimensional Experiental Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) and GAD anxiety levels are measured using The GAD-7 scale. This study uses qualitative methods to describe avoidance behavior and quantitative methods to see the effectiveness of art therapy in reducing avoidance behavior and reducing anxiety levels in young adults. The sampling method used was snowball sampling method. Administration of art therapy in each subject was done in seven sessions. In this study, art therapy is shown to reduce avoidance behavior and reduce anxiety levels in working young adults by the changes in avoidance behavior and anxiety levels after intervention. The success of this art therapy research is also influenced by the consistency of subjects’ participation in therapy sessions.

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The Association Between Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Resting-State Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation Is Modified by Self-Reported Physical Activity: Results From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glab090 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cillian P McDowell ◽

Louise Newman ◽

Derek C Monroe ◽

John D O’Connor ◽

Silvin P Knight ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Resting State ◽

Short Form ◽

Saturation Index ◽

World Health ◽

Generalized Anxiety

Abstract Individuals with anxiety disorders exhibit lower intrinsic functional connectivity between prefrontal cortical areas and subcortical regions. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is sensitive to the acute and chronic effects of physical activity (PA), while the anxiolytic effects of PA are well known. The current study examined the association of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and its interaction with PA, with resting-state, left PFC oxygenation. This cross-sectional study used data from participants (N = 2444) from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, a nationally representative prospective study of community-living adults aged 50 and older in Ireland. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short-Form determined fulfillment of criteria for GAD. The short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire determined adherence to the World Health Organization PA guidelines. Resting-state, left PFC oxygenation was continuously measured via a Portalite. Tissue saturation index (TSI) was calculated as the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total tissue hemoglobin (expressed as a percentage) for the final minute of a 5-minute supine-rest period. Multivariable linear regression quantified associations of GAD with TSI in the total population and population stratified by PA status. Participants with GAD had lower TSI (b = −1.416, p = .008) compared to those without GAD. However, this association was modified by PA. Among participants who met the PA guidelines, TSI did not differ according to GAD status (b = −0.800, p = .398). For participants who did not meet the guidelines, TSI was significantly lower among those with GAD (b = −1.758, p = .004). These findings suggest that PA may help to protect brain health among older adults with GAD.

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Adiposity, depression and anxiety: interrelationship and possible mediators

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 103 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ana Paula Gomes ◽

Ana Luiza G. Soares ◽

Ana M.B. Menezes ◽

Maria Cecília Assunção ◽

Fernando C. Wehrmeister ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Reactive Protein

OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between adiposity, major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, and to assess the role of inflammation, diet quality and physical activity in this association. METHODS: We used data from 2,977 individuals from the 1993 Pelotas Cohort (Brazil) who attended the 18- and 22-year follow-ups. We assessed general obesity using body mass index, fat mass index, and abdominal obesity using waist circumference. Major Depressive Disorder and generalized anxiety disorder were assessed using the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview. C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were used as a measure of inflammation; diet quality was estimated using the revised diet quality index, and physical activity was assessed by the International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ, min/day). The association between adiposity and major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder was assessed using logistic regression, and the natural indirect effect via the mediators was estimated using G-computation. RESULTS: General obesity assessed by body mass index (OR: 2.3; 95% CI:1.13; 4.85), fat mass index (OR: 2.6; 95%CI: 1.37; 4.83), and abdominal obesity (OR: 2.5; 95%CI: 1.18; 5.39) were associated with higher odds of major depressive disorder, whereas major depressive disorder was only associated with obesity assessed by body mass index (OR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.09; 3.46). Obesity and generalized anxiety disorder were not associated. C-reactive protein, diet quality and physical activity did not mediate the effect of obesity on major depressive disorder, and C-reactive protein mediated about 25% of the effect of major depressive disorder on adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: Depression, but not generalized anxiety disorder, is associated with adiposity in both directions, with a stronger evidence for the direction obesity-depression. Inflammation explains part of the effect of major depressive disorder on obesity but not the other way around. Further research should explore other mechanisms that could be involved in the association between obesity and depression.

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Acute Exercise Effects on Mood Among Young Adults with Worry Symptoms Indicative of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000517277.51142.c7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (5S) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

Matthew P. Herring ◽

Mats Hallgren ◽

Mark J. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Generalized Anxiety

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Moderate to severe generalized anxiety disorder symptoms are associated with physical inactivity in people with HIV/AIDS: a study from Uganda

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462420942992 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 095646242094299

Author(s):

James Mugisha ◽

Peter K Byansi ◽

Eugene Kinyanda ◽

Richard S Bbosa ◽

Tine Van Damme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient Health

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the prevalence of moderate to severe generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms and its association with physical activity in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Uganda. Two hundred and ninety-five PLHIV (median [interquartile range] age = 37.0 years [16.0]; 200 women) completed the GAD-7, Physical Activity Vital Sign, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. An adjusted odds ratio for physical inactivity in people with moderate to severe GAD symptoms was calculated using binary logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of moderate to severe GAD symptoms was 9.1%. Those with moderate to severe GAD symptoms had a 16.8 times higher odds (95% CI = 5.0–55.9) for not complying with the physical activity recommendations. The current study shows that moderate to severe GAD symptoms are strongly associated with physical inactivity in PLHIV living in a country such as Uganda.

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Resistance exercise training among young adults with analogue generalized anxiety disorder

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 281 ◽

pp. 153-159

Author(s):

Brett R. Gordon ◽

Cillian P. McDowell ◽

Mark Lyons ◽

Matthew P. Herring

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Resistance Exercise Training

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Exploring the Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of Mental Health Disorders in Saudi Arabian Adults: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.25438 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nora A Althumiri ◽

Mada H Basyouni ◽

Nasser F BinDhim

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

World Health ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND The relationship between physical activity and mental health, especially the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), has received increasing attention in recent years. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the association between fulfilling the World Health Organization (WHO) global recommendations on physical activity and the risk and symptoms of MDD and GAD in the Saudi population. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of data from a large nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted via phone interviews in June and July 2020. In this study, a proportional quota sampling technique was used to obtain an equal distribution of participants, stratified by age and gender, across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. The main mental health screening tool used for the risk of MDD was the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Risk of GAD was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Participants self-reported whether they fulfill the WHO global recommendations on (1) moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity (MIPA) and (2) vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (VIPA). The results were then analyzed based on the following two categories: fulfilling the WHO global recommendations or not. RESULTS The data analysis included 8333 participants recruited in the main study between June and July 2020. The response rate was 81.45% (8333/10,231). Of them, 50.3% (4192/8333) were female, and the mean age was 36.5 years, with a median age of 36 years and a range from 18 to 90 years. The average total PHQ-9 score was 5.61, and the average total GAD-7 score was 4.18. For men, the average total PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were associated with fulfilling recommendations for MIPA; however, there were no associations for VIPA in both sexes. Fulfilling the WHO’s recommendations for MIPA was associated with considerably fewer depressive symptoms in six of the nine items in the PHQ-9. Moreover, fulfilling recommendations for MIPA was associated with considerably fewer anxiety symptoms in six of the seven items in the GAD-7. However, fulfilling recommendations for VIPA was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms in one of the PHQ-9 items (“Thoughts that you would be better off dead or thoughts of hurting yourself in some way;” <i>P</i><.001). CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that fulfilling guidelines on MIPA is associated with less overall risk of MDD and GAD in males and fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms generally in a nonclinical population. In the general population, an increase in MIPA may improve well-being and general mental health.

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