scholarly journals Moderate-intensity Versus High-intensity Training On Glutathione System In Slow-twitch And Fast-twitch Muscles Of Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (8S) ◽  
pp. 467-467
Author(s):  
Jesús D. Álvarez-Almeyda ◽  
Margarita Muñoz-Guevara ◽  
Sarai Sánchez-Duarte ◽  
Sergio Márquez-Gamiño ◽  
Karla S. Vera-Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Intensity Training

Cross-adaptive responses to different forms of leg training: skeletal muscle biochemistry and histochemistry

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Daub ◽  
H. J. Green ◽  
M. E. Houston ◽  
J. A. Thomson ◽  
I. G. Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Muscle Biochemistry ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Intensity Training

The influence of a program of high intensity training and of a combined program of high intensity training and prolonged submaximal training on adaptations to the vastus lateralis muscle was investigated in two groups of elite athletes. The high intensity training (HI) consisted of ice hockey practices and games over a 14-week period while the combined program (HI–LO) included the addition of supplementary sessions of cycling, three times per week, progressively increasing from 30 to 45 min per session and at an intensity of 70% [Formula: see text]. Determinations of enzyme activities representative of energy supplying pathways revealed no change in 3-hydroxyacl CoA dehydrogenase (HADH), total phosphorylase (PHOSP), phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and a 7% increase (p < 0.05) in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). The addition of the supplementary program caused no further adaptation in the metabolic profile. Similarly, neither the HI nor the HI–LO program induced any alteration in the percentage fibre type (slow twitch (ST) vs. fast twitch (FT)) or the subtypes (FTa, FTb, FTc). Reductions in the size (p < 0.05) of ST fibres were noted for both the HI and the HI–LO training programs. In contrast, increases in capillarization (p < 0.05) were found for both the ST (23%) and FTa (32%) fibres for the HI–LO program whereas a reduction in capillarization (21%) occurred in the FTa fibres as a result of HI training only. It is concluded that metabolic differentiation does not appear to occur in a manner consistent with the conditions of energy expenditure at least for high intensity work.

Comparison of High-Intensity Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Fat Percentage in Persons With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nivash Rugbeer ◽  
Demitri Constantinou ◽  
Georgia Torres
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intensity Training

Background: High-intensity training is comprised of sprint interval training (SIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This study compared high-intensity training with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body fat percentage for overweight or obese persons. Methods: A systematic search of randomized controlled trials using the health science databases occurred up to April, 2020. Twenty-six studies were included for complete analysis. A total of 784 participations were analyzed. The unstandardized mean difference for each outcome measurement was extracted from the studies and pooled with the random effects model. Results: MICT was significantly better at improving CRF compared with SIT (mean difference = −0.92; 95% confidence interval, −1.63 to −0.21; P = .01; I2 = 10%). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between MICT versus HIIT on CRF (mean difference = −0.52; 95% confidence interval, −1.18 to 0.13; P = .12; I2 = 23%). There was no significant difference in body fat percentage between MICT versus HIIT and MICT versus SIT. Conclusions: MICT was significantly better at improving CRF than SIT in overweight or obese persons.

scholarly journals High-intensity training enhances executive function in children in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Moreau ◽  
Ian J Kirk ◽  
Karen E Waldie
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Trial Number ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Intensity Training

Background:Exercise-induced cognitive improvements have traditionally been observed following aerobic exercise interventions; that is, sustained sessions of moderate intensity. Here, we tested the effect of a 6 week high-intensity training (HIT) regimen on measures of cognitive control and working memory in a multicenter, randomized (1:1 allocation), placebo-controlled trial.Methods:318 children aged 7-13 years were randomly assigned to a HIT or an active control group matched for enjoyment and motivation. In the primary analysis, we compared improvements on six cognitive tasks representing two cognitive constructs (N = 305). Secondary outcomes included genetic data and physiological measurements.Results:The 6-week HIT regimen resulted in improvements on measures of cognitive control [BFM = 3.38, g = 0.31 (0.09, 0.54)] and working memory [BFM = 5233.68, g = 0.54 (0.31, 0.77)], moderated by BDNF genotype, with met66 carriers showing larger gains post-exercise than val66 homozygotes.Conclusions:This study suggests a promising alternative to enhance cognition, via short and potent exercise regimens.Funding:Funded by Centre for Brain Research.Clinical trial number:NCT03255499.

scholarly journals Effects of high-intensity training on the quality of life of cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Myriam Lavín-Pérez ◽  
Daniel Collado-Mateo ◽  
Xián Mayo ◽  
Gary Liguori ◽  
Liam Humphreys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Global Quality Of Life ◽  
Intensity Training

AbstractCancer and associated medical treatments affect patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by decreasing functional dimensions of physical, social, cognitive, and emotional well-being, while increasing short and late-term symptoms. Exercise, however, is demonstrated to be a useful therapy to improve cancer patients' and survivors’ HRQoL, yet the effectiveness of high-intensity training (HIT) exercise is uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyse the effects of HIT on HRQoL dimensions in cancer patients and survivors as well as evaluate the optimal prescription of HIT. The search followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA) and examined Web of Science and PubMed (Medline) databases. Data were analysed utilizing Review Manager Software. Twenty-two articles were included in the systematic review and 17 in the meta-analysis. Results showed HIT improved global quality of life, physical functioning, role functioning, social functioning, cognitive functioning, fatigue, pain, dyspnea, and insomnia, compared to an inactive control group, yet no differences were found between HIT and low to moderate-intensity exercise interventions. Particular improvements in HRQoL were observed during cancer treatment and with a training duration of more than eight weeks, a frequency of 2 days/week, and a volume of at least 120 min/week, including 15 min or more of HIT. Our findings whilst encouraging, highlight the infancy of the extant evidence base for the role of HIT in the HRQoL of cancer patients and survivors.

scholarly journals Effects of Moderate- and High-Intensity Chronic Exercise on the Adiponectin Levels in Slow-Twitch and Fast-Twitch Muscles in Rats

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiménez-Maldonado ◽  
Virgen-Ortiz ◽  
Lemus ◽  
Castro-Rodríguez ◽  
Cerna-Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Adiponectin Receptor ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Adiponectin Receptor 1 ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Intensity Training

Background and objectives: Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle secrete adiponectin, a hormone abundantly secreted by adipocytes, that through the adiponectin receptor, regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin appears to protect skeletal muscles from inflammatory damage induced by oxidative stress. It has been suggested that decreased adiponectin levels could be associated with pathologic conditions, including obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, some studies suggest that exercise could have a beneficial effect by increasing adiponectin levels, but this observation remains controversial. It is also unknown if physical exercise modifies adiponectin expression in skeletal muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic exercise on serum adiponectin and adiponectin expression in slow-twitch (soleus) and fast-twitch (plantaris) muscles in healthy rats. Materials and methods: Two-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups with n = 6 in each group: control (C), moderate-intensity training (MIT), and high-intensity training (HIT). The rats were conditioned to run on a treadmill for the 8-week period. Forty-eight hours after the last session, blood samples were collected for adiponectin measurements and total RNA was isolated from plantaris and soleus muscles to measure by RT-qPCR adiponectin receptor 1 and adiponectin mRNA expression level. Results: MIT and HIT groups had reduced adiponectin protein levels in serum and the plantaris muscle, but not changes in adiponectin protein were observed in the soleus muscle. No significant differences in Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) gene expression were observed following intense or moderate exercise in either muscle group studied. Conclusions: Our study shows that decreasing levels of circulating adiponectin is a result of physical exercise and should not be generalized as a predictive marker of disease.

High intensity interval training alters substrate utilization and reduces oxygen consumption in the heart

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 1235-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Hafstad ◽  
N. T. Boardman ◽  
J. Lund ◽  
M. Hagve ◽  
A. M. Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Cardiac Efficiency ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Intensity Training

Aims: although exercise training induces hypertrophy with improved contractile function, the effect of exercise on myocardial substrate metabolism and cardiac efficiency is less clear. High intensity training has been shown to produce more profound effects on cardiovascular function and aerobic capacity than isocaloric low and moderate intensity training. The aim of the present study was to explore metabolic and mechanoenergetic changes in the heart following endurance exercise training of both high and moderate intensity. Methods and Results: C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 10 wk treadmill running, either high intensity interval training (HIT) or distance-matched moderate intensity training (MIT), where HIT led to a pronounced increase in maximal oxygen uptake. Although both modes of exercise were associated with a 10% increase in heart weight-to-body weight ratio, only HIT altered cardiac substrate utilization, as revealed by a 36% increase in glucose oxidation and a concomitant reduction in fatty acid oxidation. HIT also improved cardiac efficiency by decreasing work-independent myocardial oxygen consumption. In addition, it increased cardiac maximal mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Conclusion: This study shows that high intensity training is required for induction of changes in cardiac substrate utilization and energetics, which may contribute to the superior effects of high compared with moderate intensity training in terms of increasing aerobic capacity.

scholarly journals Effect of high-intensity training on endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease: A systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205031211668225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Kolmos ◽  
Rikke Steen Krawcyk ◽  
Christina Kruuse
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Continuous Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Intensity Training

Objectives: Exercise improves endothelial dysfunction, the key manifestation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, and is recommended in both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular rehabilitation. Disagreement remains, however, on the role of intensity of exercise. The purpose of this review was to gather current knowledge on the effects of high-intensity training versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise on endothelial function in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients. Methods: A systematic review was performed in PubMed database, Embase and Cochrane libraries and on PEDro using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies were restricted to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients, and healthy subjects as general reference. Interventions comprised of high-intensity training alone, high-intensity training compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise, or no training, with endothelial function as outcome measure. Endothelial function was measured either physiologically by flow-mediated dilatation and/or by systemic biomarkers. Data were analyzed descriptively due to non-comparability for a meta-analysis to be performed. Results: A total of 20 studies were included in the review. Although there was great heterogenecity in design, population and exercise protocols, all studies found high-intensity training to be safe. High-intensity training was equal to moderate-intensity continuous exercise through improvement in endothelial function in 15 of the 20 selected studies, as measured by flow-mediated dilatation, nitric oxide bioavailability and circulating biomarkers. Only a few studies examined high-intensity training in cerebrovascular patients, none with endothelial function as outcome. Conclusion: High-intensity training is promising as a time-efficient exercise strategy in cardiovascular rehabilitation, but data on endothelial effects in cerebrovascular rehabilitation are warranted. Agreement on a more uniform exercise protocol is essential to further investigate the optimal exercise mode for cerebrovascular rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Effects of High-Intensity Training on the Quality of Life of Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lavín-Pérez ◽  
Daniel Collado-Mateo ◽  
Xián Mayo ◽  
Gary Liguori ◽  
Liam Humphreys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Global Quality Of Life ◽  
Intensity Training

Abstract Cancer and associated medical treatments affect patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by decreasing functional dimensions of physical, social, cognitive, and emotional well-being, while increasing short and late-term symptoms. Exercise, however, is demonstrated to be a useful therapy to improve cancer patients and survivors’ HRQoL, yet the effectiveness of high-intensity training (HIT) exercise is uncertain. This systematic-review and meta-analysis aimed to analyse the effects of HIT on HRQoL dimensions in cancer patients and survivors as well as evaluate the optimal prescription of HIT. The search followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA) and examined Web of Science and PubMed (Medline) databases. Data was analysed utilizing Review Manager Software. Twenty-two articles were included in the systematic review and seventeen in the meta-analysis. Results showed HIT improved global quality of life, physical functioning, role functioning, social functioning, cognitive functioning, fatigue, pain, dyspnoea, and insomnia, compared to an inactive control group. Whereas no differences were found in contrast to low to moderate-intensity exercise compared to inactive controls. Particular improvements in HRQoL were observed during the cancer treatment and with the following prescription: a training duration of more than eight weeks, a frequency of 2 days/week, a volume of at least 120 minutes/week including 15 minutes or more of HIT. Our findings whilst encouraging, highlight the infancy of the extant evidence base for the role of HIT in the HRQoL of cancer patients and survivors.

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