Designation of Sulfur Dioxide and Acid Rain Pollution Control Zones and Its Impacts on Energy Industry in China.

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1108-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIMING HAO ◽  
SHUXIAO WANG ◽  
BINGJIANG LIU ◽  
KEBIN HE
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Energy Industry

scholarly journals What Can We Learn from the Grand Policy Experiment? Lessons from SO2 Allowance Trading

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N Stavins
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Allowance Trading ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Policy Experiment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trading Program

The most ambitious application ever attempted of a market-based approach to environmental protection has been for the control of acid rain under the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990, which established a sulfur dioxide allowance trading program. This essay identifies lessons that can be learned from this grand experiment in economically oriented environmental policy. The author examines positive political economy lessons, asking why this system was adopted from acid-rain control in 1990, and he considers normative lessons that can be learned from the program's structure and performance, focusing on lessons for the design and implementation of future systems.

Sulfur-Dioxide Removal From a Pilot Moving Grate Furnace Stack Gas

1970 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
C. M. Whitten ◽  
R. G. Hagstrom
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Removal ◽  
Stack Gas

Peabody Coal Company, under contract to the National Center for Air Pollution Control, has investigated sulfur-dioxide removal from a pilot moving grate furnace stack gas by the addition of calcium bearing dry additives to the flue gas and to coal before burning. Effects of additive feed rate, residence time, temperature, and particle size on sulfur-dioxide removal were studied, and calcination, calcium-oxide utilization, and additive efficiency were determined.

scholarly journals An Interim Evaluation of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions Trading

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Schmalensee ◽  
Paul L Joskow ◽  
A. Denny Ellerman ◽  
Juan Pablo Montero ◽  
Elizabeth M Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Tradeable Permits ◽  
Abatement Costs ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Acid Rain Program ◽  
The U.S

This paper summarizes recent empirical research on compliance costs and strategies and on permit market performance under the U.S. acid rain program, the first large-scale, long-term program to use tradeable emissions permits to control pollution. An efficient market for emissions permits developed in a few years, and this program more than achieved its early goals on time, and it cost less than had been projected. Because of expectation errors, however, investment was excessive, and permit prices substantially understate abatement costs. The tradeable permits approach has worked well, but it is not a miracle cure for environmental problems. Coauthors are Paul L. Joskow, A. Denny Ellerman, Juan Pablo Montero, and Elizabeth M. Bailey.

Acid rain formation through catalytic transformation of sulfur dioxide over clay dusts: remarkable promotion by a vicinal aluminium site

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-789
Author(s):  
Gang Yang ◽  
Lijun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Catalytic Transformation ◽  
Rain Formation

Mechanisms for catalytic SO2 transformation to H2SO4 over clay dusts have been unraveled at a molecular level. All O atoms in ozone (especially molecular oxygen) are effective oxidants due to remarkable promotion of a vicinal Al3+ site.

scholarly journals Sulfur dioxide emissions in China and sulfur trends in East Asia since 2000

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 6311-6331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Lu ◽  
D. G. Streets ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
G. R. Carmichael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Modis Aod ◽  
So2 Concentration

Abstract. With the rapid development of the economy, the sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission from China since 2000 is of increasing concern. In this study, we estimate the annual SO2 emission in China after 2000 using a technology-based methodology specifically for China. From 2000 to 2006, total SO2 emission in China increased by 53%, from 21.7 Tg to 33.2 Tg, at an annual growth rate of 7.3%. Emissions from power plants are the main sources of SO2 in China and they increased from 10.6 Tg to 18.6 Tg in the same period. Geographically, emission from north China increased by 85%, whereas that from the south increased by only 28%. The emission growth rate slowed around 2005, and emissions began to decrease after 2006 mainly due to the wide application of flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) devices in power plants in response to a new policy of China's government. This paper shows that the trend of estimated SO2 emission in China is consistent with the trends of SO2 concentration and acid rain pH and frequency in China, as well as with the increasing trends of background SO2 and sulfate concentration in East Asia. A longitudinal gradient in the percentage change of urban SO2 concentration in Japan is found during 2000–2007, indicating that the decrease of urban SO2 is lower in areas close to the Asian continent. This implies that the transport of increasing SO2 from the Asian continent partially counteracts the local reduction of SO2 emission downwind. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) products of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are found to be highly correlated with the surface solar radiation (SSR) measurements in East Asia. Using MODIS AOD data as a surrogate of SSR, we found that China and East Asia excluding Japan underwent a continuous dimming after 2000, which is in line with the dramatic increase in SO2 emission in East Asia. The trends of AOD from both satellite retrievals and model over East Asia are also consistent with the trend of SO2 emission in China, especially during the second half of the year, when sulfur contributes the largest fraction of AOD. The arrested growth in SO2 emissions since 2006 is also reflected in the decreasing trends of SO2 and SO42− concentrations, acid rain pH values and frequencies, and AOD over East Asia.

Analysis of the Relationship between Desulfurization Treatment and Green Chemistry of Coal

2014 ◽  
Vol 998-999 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Ling Ju Meng ◽  
Zhao Kun Xuan ◽  
Jin Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Incomplete Combustion ◽  
Coal Desulfurization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

The coal industry belongs to the energy industry of the mainstream, the use of coal in a wide range, the main applications of combustion. However, the coal contains large amounts of sulfur, in combustion process, encountered the incomplete combustion will produce large amounts of sulfur dioxide, serious impact on the natural environment. The coal desulfurization technology can largely reduce this pollution, green chemistry is in the desulfurization technology is established on the basis of a concept. This article focuses on the discussion about coal desulfurization and its relationship to green chemistry.

scholarly journals Identification of NO2 and SO2 Pollution Hotspots and Sources in Jiangsu Province of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3742
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Md. Arfan Ali ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Zhongfeng Qiu ◽  
Alaa Mhawish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
And Control

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are important atmospheric trace gases for determining air quality, human health, climate change, and ecological conditions both regionally and globally. In this study, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), total column nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were used from 2005 to 2020 to identify pollution hotspots and potential source areas responsible for air pollution in Jiangsu Province. The study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and variability of NO2 and SO2, the SO2/NO2 ratio, and their trends, and potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis was performed to identify potential source areas. The spatial distributions showed higher values (>0.60 DU) of annual mean NO2 and SO2 for most cities of Jiangsu Province except for Yancheng City (<0.50 DU). The seasonal analyses showed the highest NO2 and SO2 in winter, followed by spring, autumn, and summer. Coal-fire-based room heating and stable meteorological conditions during the cold season may cause higher NO2 and SO2 in winter. Notably, the occurrence frequency of NO2 and SO2 of >1.2 was highest in winter, which varied between 9.14~32.46% for NO2 and 7.84~21.67% for SO2, indicating a high level of pollution across Jiangsu Province. The high SO2/NO2 ratio (>0.60) indicated that industry is the dominant source, with significant annual and seasonal variations. Trends in NO2 and SO2 were calculated for 2005–2020, 2006–2010 (when China introduced strict air pollution control policies during the 11th Five Year Plan (FYP)), 2011–2015 (during the 12th FYP), and 2013–2017 (the Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control (APPC-AC)). Annually, decreasing trends in NO2 were more prominent during the 12th FYP period (2011–2015: −0.024~−0.052 DU/year) than in the APPC-AC period (2013–2017: −0.007~−0.043 DU/year) and 2005–2020 (−0.002 to −0.012 DU/year). However, no prevention and control policies for NO2 were included during the 11th FYP period (2006–2010), resulting in an increasing trend in NO2 (0.015 to 0.031) observed throughout the study area. Furthermore, the implementation of China’s strict air pollution control policies caused a larger decrease in SO2 (per year) during the 12th FYP period (−0.002~−0.075 DU/year) than in the 11th FYP period (−0.014~−0.071 DU/year), the APPC-AC period (−0.007~−0.043 DU/year), and 2005–2020 (−0.015~−0.032 DU/year). PSCF analysis indicated that the air quality of Jiangsu Province is mainly influenced by local pollution sources.

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