scholarly journals Do Pathophysiologic Mechanisms Linking Unhealthy Lifestyle to Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Imply Shared Preventive Measures?　― A Critical Narrative Review ―

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Angela Di Fusco ◽  
Antonella Spinelli ◽  
Lorenzo Castello ◽  
Gaetano Marino ◽  
Ilaria Maraschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

scholarly journals Vasoplegia after cardiopulmonary bypass: A narrative review of pathophysiology and emerging targeted therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212093546
Author(s):  
Theresa J Barnes ◽  
Maxwell A Hockstein ◽  
Craig S Jabaley
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States, and cardiopulmonary bypass is a cornerstone in the surgical management of many related disease states. Pathophysiologic changes associated both with extracorporeal circulation and shock can beget a syndrome of low systemic vascular resistance paired with relatively preserved cardiac output, termed vasoplegia. While increased vasopressor requirements accompany vasoplegia, related pathophysiologic mechanisms may also lead to true catecholamine resistance, which is associated with further heightened mortality. The introduction of a second non-catecholamine vasopressor, angiotensin II, and non-specific nitric oxide scavengers offers potential means by which to manage this challenging phenomenon. This narrative review addresses both the definition, risk factors, and pathophysiology of vasoplegia and potential therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Rationales and uncertainties for aspirin use in COVID-19: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e000741
Author(s):  
Hazem A Sayed Ahmed ◽  
Eric Merrell ◽  
Mansoura Ismail ◽  
Anwar I Joudeh ◽  
Jeffrey B Riley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dose Aspirin ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin

ObjectivesTo review the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease, potential aspirin targets on this pathogenesis and the potential role of aspirin in patients with COVID-19.DesignNarrative review.SettingThe online databases PubMed, OVID Medline and Cochrane Library were searched using relevant headlines from 1 January 2016 to 1 January 2021. International guidelines from relevant societies, journals and forums were also assessed for relevance.ParticipantsNot applicable.ResultsA review of the selected literature revealed that clinical deterioration in COVID-19 is attributed to the interplay between endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy and dysregulated inflammation. Aspirin has anti-inflammatory effects, antiplatelet aggregation, anticoagulant properties as well as pleiotropic effects on endothelial function. During the COVID-19 pandemic, low-dose aspirin is used effectively in secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee replacement, prevention of pre-eclampsia and postdischarge treatment for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Prehospital low-dose aspirin therapy may reduce the risk of intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation in hospitalised patients with COVID-19, whereas aspirin association with mortality is still debatable.ConclusionThe authors recommend a low-dose aspirin regimen for primary prevention of arterial thromboembolism in patients aged 40–70 years who are at high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, or an intermediate risk with a risk-enhancer and have a low risk of bleeding. Aspirin’s protective roles in COVID-19 associated with acute lung injury, vascular thrombosis without previous cardiovascular disease and mortality need further randomised controlled trials to establish causal conclusions.

scholarly journals Anxiety as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of depression: A narrative review of current status and conflicting findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 205510292098746
Author(s):  
Håvard R Karlsen ◽  
Florian Matejschek ◽  
Ingvild Saksvik-Lehouillier ◽  
Eva Langvik
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Evidential Support ◽  
Meta Analyses

The aim of this paper is to summarise and evaluate the empirical support for the association between anxiety and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to address challenges related to method and study design. We review results from meta-analyses and more recent findings on the association of anxiety and the risk of CVD. Depression and anxiety are often listed as psychosocial risk markers of CVD, but the role of anxiety as a risk factor for CVD has not received the same evidential support as the effects of depression. Through a narrative review we identified six meta-analyses as well as 15 recent large studies of anxiety and CVD that we summarise. Some of the conflicting findings may be artefacts of study design or population the sample is drawn from. Researchers should take care to be population specific, measurement specific and outcome specific, and to control for comorbid depression.

Understanding risk factors and preventive measures of cardiovascular disease in refugee communities

Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2021-319435
Author(s):  
Julio Santana ◽  
Adonias Lemma ◽  
Mary Helen O'Connor ◽  
Heval Kelli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Preventive Measures

scholarly journals Novel Cardiovascular Biomarkers Associated with Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Women With Prior Preeclampsia/HELLP Syndrome: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmee ME Bovee ◽  
Martha Gulati ◽  
Angela HEM Maas
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Hellp Syndrome ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Biomarkers

Evidence has shown that women with a history of preeclampsia or haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. Recommendations for screening, prevention and management after such pregnancies are not yet defined. The identification of promising non-traditional cardiovascular biomarkers might be useful to predict which women are at greatest risk. Many studies are inconsistent and an overview of the most promising biomarkers is currently lacking. This narrative review provides an update of the current literature on circulating cardiovascular biomarkers that may be associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk in women after previous preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome. Fifty-six studies on 53 biomarkers were included. From the summary of evidence, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, placental growth factor, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-6/IL-10 ratio, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, activin A, soluble human leukocyte antigen G, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and norepinephrine show potential and are interesting candidate biomarkers to further explore. These biomarkers might be potentially eligible for cardiovascular risk stratification after preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome and may contribute to the development of adequate strategies for prevention of hypertension and adverse events in this population.

scholarly journals Ten-Year Risk of Fatal Cardiovascular Disease and its Association with Metabolic Risk Factors Among Waste Pickers in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Made ◽  
Engelbert A Nonterah ◽  
Nonhlanhla Tlotleng ◽  
Vusi Ntlebi ◽  
Nisha Naicker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Waste Pickers

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among non-communicable diseases in South Africa. Several metabolic risk factors contribute to the development of CVD. Informal workers such as waste pickers could be unhealthy lifestyle naive, and most public health research on CVD does not include this understudied population. This study estimated the 10-year risk of fatal CVD and its association with metabolic risk factors in an understudied study population of waste pickers in Johannesburg, South Africa. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among waste pickers in two landfill sites in Johannesburg. We used the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) risk charts to estimate the 10-year risk of fatal CVD. We then employed ordinary least squares regression to assess the association between the 10-year risk of fatal CVD with metabolic risk factors. Other variables adjusted in the regression model were HIV status, education, income, injuries from work, clinic visits in the previous 12 months, and alcohol consumption. ResultsA total of 370 waste pickers were included in this analysis, 265 (73.41%) were males. The mean age of the participants was 34 years. The majority were between the age of 20 and 39 years. More than 55% of the waste pickers did not visit a clinic in the previous 12 months, and 68.57% were smoking. The 10-year survival probability from CVD was more than 99% for both males and females. Waste pickers who were overweight/obese, hypertensive, or with an elevated blood glucose level had high statistically significant mean percentages of the 10-year risk of fatal CVD compared to those who did not have the metabolic risk factors. Conclusions Prevention of 10-year risk of fatal CVD in this understudied population of waste pickers should target the control of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Health awareness and education for waste pickers will be an important step in reducing the burden of these metabolic risk factors. We further recommend that health systems should recognize waste pickers as a high-risk group and consider extensive CVDs surveillance.

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