Effect of Both Homogenisation and Storage on the Spectra of Red Grapes and on the Measurement of Total Anthocyanins, Total Soluble Solids and pH by Visual near Infrared Spectroscopy

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cozzolino ◽  
W.U. Cynkar ◽  
R.G. Dambergs ◽  
L. Janik ◽  
M. Gishen
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Red Grapes ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
And Storage

The effect of homogenisation and storage on both the visible (Vis) and near infrared (NIR) spectra as well as on the calibration performance for the measurement of total anthocyanins (colour), total soluble solids (TSS) and pH in red grapes were investigated. Homogenates obtained from fresh and previously frozen red grapes (overnight freezing for 24 hours, and after one, three, six and 12 months frozen storage) were scanned in reflectance mode (400–2500 nm) using a monochromator instrument (Foss NIRSystems 6500). Principal component analysis was used to examine the influence of homogeniser type and frozen storage on the spectra. Neither the homogeniser type used nor overnight freezing had visual effects on the spectra. Spectra and analytical data were used to develop partial least squares calibrations to quantify the influence of storage on the measurement of total anthocyanins (colour), TSS and pH. When cross-predicting between fresh and frozen samples, the standard error of prediction was slightly increased when compared with calibrations developed on fresh samples alone. On the other, hand frozen samples were predicted well with the fresh sample calibration for the chemical parameters evaluated. However, although there may be some increases in error, these results suggest that it might be possible to use Vis-NIR calibrations developed on frozen samples alone to measure the concentration of total anthocyanins, TSS and pH in either fresh or frozen samples after appropriate slope and bias correction.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of the Use of Handheld NIR Spectrometer for Simultaneous Authentication and Quantification of Quality Parameters in Intact Pineapple Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Y. Amuah ◽  
Ernest Teye ◽  
Francis Padi Lamptey ◽  
Kwasi Nyandey ◽  
Jerry Opoku-Ansah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Identification Rate

The potential of predicting maturity using total soluble solids (TSS) and identifying organic from inorganic pineapple fruits based on near-infrared (NIR) spectra fingerprints would be beneficial to farmers and consumers alike. In this study, a portable NIR spectrometer and chemometric techniques were combined to simultaneously identify organically produced pineapple fruits from conventionally produced ones (thus organic and inorganic) and also predict total soluble solids. A total of 90 intact pineapple fruits were scanned with the NIR spectrometer while a digital refractometer was used to measure TSS from extracted pineapple juice. After attempting several preprocessing techniques, multivariate calibration models were built using principal component analysis (PCA), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to identify the classes (organic and conventional pineapple fruits) while partial least squares regression (PLSR) method was used to determine TSS of the fruits. Among the identification techniques, the MSC-PCA-LDA model accurately identified organic from conventionally produced fruits at 100% identification rate. For quantification of TSS, the MSC-PLSR model gave Rp = 0.851 and RMSEC = 0.950 °Brix, and Rc = 0.854 and RMSEP = 0.842 °Brix at 5 principal components in the calibration set and prediction set, respectively. The results generally indicated that portable NIR spectrometer coupled with the appropriate chemometric tools could be employed for rapid nondestructive examination of pineapple quality and also to detect pineapple fraud due to mislabeling of conventionally produced fruits as organic ones. This would be helpful to farmers, consumers, and quality control officers.

scholarly journals Rootstock-scion interaction:5. Effect on the evolution of Cabernet Sauvignon grape ripening

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Miele ◽  
Luiz Antenor Rizzon
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Wine Composition

Abstract The rootstock effect on grapevine yield components, grape must and wine composition and wine sensory characteristics were evaluated in previous studies. This experiment carried out over five years had the objective to determine the effect of the rootstock on the evolution of variables related to sugar and acidity contents of the juice during grape ripening. The treatments consisted of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine grafted on rootstocks such as Rupestris du Lot, 101- 14 Mgt, 3309 C, 420A Mgt, 5BB K, 161-49 C, SO4, Solferino, 1103 P, 99 R, 110 R, Gravesac, Fercal, Dogridge and Isabel. The berries were sampled during the grape ripening period, on nine dates during the summer of each year. Taken to the laboratory, they were hand crushed and the juice was centrifuged to separate the solid and liquid phase, where the supernatant was then used for physicochemical analyses. The data were submitted to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and polynomial regression analysis. The main results show that, at grape maturity, the PCA discriminated mainly the juices of CS/101-14 Mgt, CS/SO4 and CS/Gravesac, which had high density, total soluble solids, total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio and pH, and CS/Dogridge and CS/Fercal, which had high titratable acidity. The density, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio increased as grape ripened, but the titratable acidity decreased. However, the increase or decrease rates were lower at the end of the grape ripening cycle according to the variable, and the total soluble solids having the highest increase (116.3%) and the titratable acidity the highest decrease (68.3%).

Determination of soil organic carbon and nitrogen at the field level using near-infrared spectroscopy

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Martin ◽  
D F Malley ◽  
G. Manning ◽  
L. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

This study explored the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the rapid analysis of organic C (Corg) and organic N (Norg) in the A horizon of soil within a single field. Soil was sampled throughout a field in Manitoba, Canada to capture soil variability associated with topography. The soil samples were oven-dried and treated with acid to remove carbonates, after which C and N were determined by dry combustion. In this study, portions of the dried soil samples not treated with acid were scanned with a near-infrared scanning spectrophotometer between 1100 and 2500 nm. Correlating the spectral and the chemical analytical data using multiple linear regression or principal component analysis/partial least squares regression gave useful correlations for Corg. Over the range of 0–40 mg g-1 Corg, NIR-predicted values explained 75–78% of the variance in the chemical results. Results were improved to 80% for calibrations developed for the 0–20 mg g-1 organic C range. Useful results were not obtained for Norg although the literature shows that total N in soil is predictable using NIRS. It is likely that the acid treatment altered the composition of the samples in an inconsistent manner such that the chemically analyzed samples and those scanned by NIRS were different from each other in Norg concentration or composition. Extrapolation of these Corg results to the landscape scale implies that NIRS has potential to be a suitable method for mapping C for the purposes of monitoring C sequestration. Key words: Near-infrared spectroscopy, soil, carbon, nitrogen, topography, soil monitoring

Limitations to the measurement of intact melon total soluble solids using near infrared spectroscopy

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Long ◽  
Kerry B. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Storage ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Maturity

The imposition of a minimum total soluble solids (TSS) value as a quality standard for orange-flesh netted melon fruit (Cucumis melo L. reticulatus group) requires either a batch sampling procedure (i.e. the estimation of the mean and standard deviation of a population), or the individual assessment of fruit [e.g. using a non-destructive procedure such as near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy]. Several potential limitations to the NIR assessment of fruit, including the variation in TSS within fruit and the effect of fruit storage conditions on the robustness of calibration models, were considered in this study. Outer mesocarp TSS was 3 TSS units higher at the stylar end of the fruit compared with the stem end, and the TSS of inner mesocarp was higher than outer tissue and more uniform across spatial positions. The linear relationship between the outer 10 mm and the subsequent middle 10 mm of tissue varied with fruit maturity [e.g. 42 days before harvest (DBH), r 2 = 0.8; 13 DBH, r 2 = 0.4; 0 DBH, r 2 = 0.7], and with cultivars (at fruit maturity, Eastern Star 2001 r 2 = 0.88; Malibu 2001 r 2 = 0.59). This relationship notably affected NIR calibration performance (e.g. based on inner mesocarp TSS; R c 2 = 0.80, root mean standard error of cross-validation (RMSECV) = 0.65, and R c 2 = 0.41, RMSECV = 0.88 for mature Eastern Star and Malibu fruit, respectively). Cold storage of fruit (0–14 days at 5°C) did not affect NIR model performance. Model performance was equivalent when based on either that part of the fruit in contact with the ground or equatorial positions; however, it was improved when based on the stylar end of the fruit.

scholarly journals Effects of shoot age on biological and chemical properties of red currant (Ribes rubrum L.) cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boban S. Djordjevic ◽  
Dejan B. Djurovic ◽  
Gordan D. Zec ◽  
Mekjell O. Meland ◽  
Milica M. Fotiric Aksic
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Red Currant ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the influence of shoot age on biological and chemical properties of 11 red currant cultivars (‘Jonkheer van Tets’, ‘Junifer’, ‘London Market’, ‘Makosta’, ‘Mirana’, ‘Redpoll’, ‘Rolan’, ‘Rondom’, ‘Rovada’, ‘Slovakia’ and ‘Stanza’) with different origins and ripening times. Phenological observations and pomological characteristics were studied and chemical analysis was conducted from 2013 to 2018 at experimental fields near Belgrade, Serbia. The total contents of phenols and anthocyanin were estimated spectrophotometrically, while quantitative analysis of anthocyanin aglycones was done using high-performance liquid chromatography. Three-year-old shoots had an earlier start of all examined phenological stages, better generative potential, higher yields, as well as higher total phenol and vitamin C contents in the fruits, compared with 2-year-old shoots, for all cultivars. The contents of total anthocyanins were higher in berries on younger shoots of early-ripening cultivars, while late-ripening cultivars had higher contents of total soluble solids and cyanidin in the berries on 3-year-old shoots. Principal component analysis demonstrated that the most important variables that distinguished 2-year-old shoots from 3-year-old shoots were those related to phenological data, cluster traits, total acids and yields. According to the obtained results, ‘Junifer’ (with the highest number of clusters), ‘Mirana’ (with the highest sugar content and sugar/acid ratio), ‘Redpoll’ (with the highest physical traits of cluster and berry), ‘Slovakia’ (with the highest yield and yield efficiency) and ‘Rovada’ (with the highest level of secondary metabolites) are recommended as the most promising cultivars for growing in the temperate region of Serbia.

scholarly journals Production and characterization of mixed pineapple and hibiscus jam

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Eugênia Telis De Vilela Silva ◽  
Henrique Valentim Moura ◽  
Rossana Maria Feitosa de Figueiredo ◽  
Alexandre Jose De Melo Queiroz ◽  
Inácia Dos Santos Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Anthocyanins

Pineapple is a food rich in vitamins, antioxidants and bromelain, but because it has high water content it becomes a highly perishable fruit. Hibiscus is a plant with flowers rich in phytochemicals that can be used as an ingredient to add value to processed products. The objective of this work was to prepare mixed jams using pineapple with hibiscus extract at different concentrations and to characterize the physicochemical properties of the jams produced. Experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The treatments consisted of three concentration levels of hibiscus extract (5, 10 and 15%) in pineapple jelly (50:50). Analyzed physical-chemical characteristics were: water content, water activity, ash, lipids, total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars, vitamin C, total titratable acidity, pH and total soluble solids. It was found that increasing concentrations of hibiscus in the formulations significantly influenced resulting jam composition. Increasing hibiscus concentration reduced the total sugars content and increased ascorbic acid content, acidity, total soluble solids and ash, as well as total anthocyanins and flavonoids contents. Among the jams produced, the formulation with 15% hibiscus was distinguished by its high content of ascorbic acid, flavonoids and anthocyanins. The addition of hibiscus to pineapple jelly improves the nutritional and functional value of the resulting jams, so it can be considered a high potential ingredient for this type of product.

scholarly journals Evaluation of quality characteristics and storage stability of mixed fruit jam

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
F. Yeasmin ◽  
M.J. Khan ◽  
M.H. Riad
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
And Storage

Diversification of food is the key factor for enhancing physicochemical properties, nutritional status and consumer satisfaction. Hence, mixed fruits jam was developed from coconut and pineapple pulps in varied ratios (1:1, 3:1 and 1:3). Moisture, lipid, protein, fiber, ash and total carbohydrate contents of different jam samples varied significantly (p≤0.05) and found values in the ranges 26.78-29.15%, 4.12-10.81%, 0.56-1.13%, 1.51- 3.12%, 0.30-0.37% and 62.69-67.91% respectively. Storage stability of the jam samples was analyzed for 6 months keeping under refrigerated (4°C) and room (30°C) temperatures. Physicochemical properties such as total soluble solids, acidity, pH and reducing sugar content were evaluated at 2-months intervals. The parameters were changed variedly due to compositional variances, packaging materials and storage temperatures. Total soluble solids, acidity and reducing sugar content increased gradually while pH declined upon extension of storage period. Sensory properties for color, taste, flavor, texture and overall acceptability of jam samples were tested where sample with pineapple and coconut in the ratio 3:1 showed the best result than others. Samples were also analyzed for yeast and mold count at the end of the storage period and positive result was found in case of samples packed in plastic containers kept under room temperature. The study yields diversified jam samples with better nutritional and sensory properties with satisfactory shelf life.

scholarly journals In Situ Characterization of Fruits and Seeds of a Number of White Sapote (Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex.) Accessions in Mexico

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1849-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Andres Agustin ◽  
Matha Soto ◽  
Franco Famiani ◽  
Juan Guillermo Cruz-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Casimiroa Edulis ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Total Seed

Fifty-six accessions of white sapote (Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex.) grown in situ in 11 municipalities in the state of Michoacán, Mexico, were characterized using 14 morphometric variables (six of fruit and eight of seed). There was a high cv for fruit weight (0.50), the number of developed seeds (NDS) (0.48), and total seed weight (0.45). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the main differences among the C. edulis accessions were fruit weight, seed projected area, Feret diameter (FD), the length of polar and equatorial axes of the fruit, the number of undeveloped seeds (NUS), the NDS, hardness of the skin (HS), and total soluble solids content of the fruits. Three groups of accessions were determined by cluster analysis (CA). The first group was made up of 53 accessions with intermediate values of fruit size and seed size. The second group, comprising two accessions, had the lowest values of fruit size. The third group showed an outstanding individual with the highest values for fruit size/weight, seed weight, and total soluble solids. Through an in-depth examination of the genotypes of the first group, four genotypes were identified for their positive characteristics. The results indicate an extremely high variability in the fruit and seed characteristics produced by different trees/genotypes of white sapote in Mexico. Hence, an initial, preliminary individuation/selection of five genotypes could be considered for the development of new cultivars for establishing white sapote orchards in Mexico.

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