Trends in Earnings Differentials across College Majors and the Changing Task Composition of Jobs

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Altonji ◽  
Lisa B. Kahn ◽  
Jamin D. Speer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Earnings Differentials ◽  
College Majors ◽  
Market Return ◽  
Manual Tasks ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

We show that, among college graduates, earnings differentials across field of study have increased substantially since the early 1990s. We study the degree to which this increase can be accounted for by changes in the labor market return to skills associated with a major. To do so, we define major-specific measures of the relative importance of abstract, routine, and manual tasks on the job, by linking majors to the occupations they typically lead to. Changes in the relationship between earnings and these measures can account for about two-thirds of the rise in inequality.

Double Disadvantage or Blessing in Disguise? Understanding the Relationship Between College Major and Employment Sector

2005 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josipa Roksa
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
College Major ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
College Majors ◽  
College Degrees ◽  
Employment Sector

Although college graduates earn substantial labor market rewards, not all college degrees are rewarded equally. Graduates who majored in female-dominated fields earn substantially lower incomes than do graduates who majored in male-dominated fields. Income differentials that are associated with different types of college majors are extensively noted but poorly understood. This article advances the previous literature by examining how college major affects the labor market outcomes of college graduates through its relationship with employment sector. The results show that graduates of female-dominated fields are disproportionately employed in public and nonprofit organizations, which offer lower monetary rewards but facilitate access to professional and managerial positions. Notably, college major and employment sector interact in ways that reduce income penalties and enhance the occupational location of graduates of female-dominated fields who work in public and nonprofit settings. These findings highlight the importance of considering organizational context in the study of labor market outcomes, particularly when examining the gendered character of educational credentials and occupations.

The Relationship between College Major Prestige/Status and Post-baccalaureate Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Pitt ◽  
Lin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
College Graduates ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Advanced Degree ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
College Majors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post Baccalaureate ◽  
The Relationship

Since Blau and Duncan’s seminal work on social mobility, researchers have used subjective measures of occupational prestige to understand either the change or stability in generational socioeconomic statuses. While subjective measures of occupational prestige have been developed, the creation of measures of educational status and prestige that might serve as parallels to these measures has received less attention. In this paper, we attempt to create such a measure and then use it to test the relationship between educational status (measured through the status of college majors) and three important post-baccalaureate outcomes: income, educational attainment, and occupational prestige. Our results, based on a survey of 718 undergraduate seniors, shows that majors differ in prestige just as occupations do. Then, using the National Survey of College Graduates, we confirm that those differences are meaningful in predicting early career incomes, the attainment of an advanced degree, and the prestige rating of college graduates’ occupations.

The School-to-Work Transition of College Graduates

ILR Review ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Fiorito
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Choice ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Degree Attainment ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
College Majors ◽  
Curriculum Choice ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
First Job ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship between curriculum choice and occupational choice. The lag between curriculum choice and degree attainment generally ensures a mismatch between new labor supply and employer requirements, even if students are quite responsive to labor market conditions. The author hypothesizes that adjustment to that lag is primarily a function of market conditions and the technical compatibility of possible combinations of college majors and occupations. He tests his model with NSF data on two recent cohorts of male baccalaureate recipients, which are used to calculate the probability that a student in a given major obtains a first job in a related occupation. The author's model explains a large proportion of the differences in that probability across majors and occupations.

Building of Cloud Computing in University Employment Information Library

2014 ◽  
Vol 701-702 ◽  
pp. 952-956
Author(s):  
Chong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Market Information ◽  
Application Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Cloud computing is a product of the development of the Internet of things, so it has the characteristics as the network does, namely dynamic, patulous and virtual. This paper studies the use of cloud computing in university employment information library. By understanding the definition, application characteristics and advantages of cloud computing, and considering the opportunities and challenges which we face in the issue of employment of college graduates, we try to dig deeper into the relationship between companies and graduates in order to build a "cloud" of labor market information, namely cloud computing database. The results show that with cloud computing we can fully meet the company by find the required graduates faster. Students can also find suitable jobs easier.

scholarly journals Can Migrants’ Emigration Intentions Predict Their Actual Behaviors? Evidence from a Swiss Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Wanner
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

AbstractIn this paper, we use original linked data to better understand the relationship between remigration intentions and actual behaviors and, more specifically, to verify whether remigration intentions can predict migrants’ actual behaviors. To do so, we compare self-declared remigration intentions with actual departures during the 2 years following a survey. Then, we analyze to what extent the factors associated with both dimensions are similar. The results show that 96% of migrants who wanted to stay in Switzerland actually stayed and that 71% of those who wanted to leave the country actually left. Overall, intentions were a good predictor of behaviors, and the factors associated with remigration intentions and actual behaviors were almost the same. However, intentions reflected migrants’ personal feelings at the time of the survey and sometimes reflected their potential to remain in Switzerland from a legal point of view. Behaviors were more rational than intentions in that migrants’ reflections on their actual situations were more profound, and their choices to stay in Switzerland or to leave were thus influenced by rational elements such as their labor market situations or family constraints.

Home, Sweet Home: Negotiating Intimacy in Brazilian Elitist Closed Condominiums

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 374-395
Author(s):  
Rafael Ignacio Estrada Mejia ◽  
Carla Guerrón Guerron Montero
Keyword(s):  
Collective Mode ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Collective Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

This article aims to decrease the cultural invisibility of the wealthy by exploring the Brazilian emergent elites and their preferred living arrangement: elitist closed condominiums (BECCs) from a micropolitical perspective.  We answer the question: What is the relationship between intimacy and subjectivity that is produced in the collective mode of existence of BECCs? To do so, we trace the history of the elite home, from the master’s house (casa grande) to contemporary closed condominiums. Following, we discuss the features of closed condominiums as spaces of segregation, fragmentation and social distinction, characterized by minimal public life and an internalized sociability. Finally, based on ethnographic research conducted in the mid-size city of Londrina (state of Paraná) between 2015 and 2017, we concentrate on four members of the emergent elite who live in BECCs, addressing their collective production of subjectivity. 

Time’s Up! Shorter Hours, Public Policy, and Time Flexibility as an Antidote to Youth Unemployment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Eva Maich ◽  
Jamie K. McCallum ◽  
Ari Grant-Sasson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Work Scheduling

This chapter explores the relationship between hours of work and unemployment. When it comes to time spent working in the United States at present, two problems immediately come to light. First, an asymmetrical distribution of working time persists, with some people overworked and others underemployed. Second, hours are increasingly unstable; precarious on-call work scheduling and gig economy–style employment relationships are the canaries in the coal mine of a labor market that produces fewer and fewer stable jobs. It is possible that some kind of shorter hours movement, especially one that places an emphasis on young workers, has the potential to address these problems. Some policies and processes are already in place to transition into a shorter hours economy right now even if those possibilities are mediated by an anti-worker political administration.

The Six E’s of Consumer Choice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Moore ◽  
John A. Quelch ◽  
Emily Boudreau
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Healthcare Decision ◽  
Do So

Whenever consumers make a choice—in healthcare or in other situations—they do so based on the benefits they anticipate. Chapter 5 focuses on the most common benefits consumers seek when making health and wellness decisions. Though they may vary in relative importance based upon the healthcare decision at hand, these six commonly sought benefits are economy, effectiveness, empathy, efficiency, empowerment, and experience. This chapter reviews each of these benefits in-depth, highlighting examples of each in today’s market. Consumers have different ways of assessing these benefits ranging from simultaneously trading off importance between them to using four shortcuts that make comparisons easier.

The Role of the Judiciary and Its Relationship to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Amicus Curiae ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Legal Duty ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

This chapter examines the role of the judiciary with regard to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). It considers the relationship which the judiciary have or appear to perceive themselves as having with the CRPD and explores some of the factors seemingly prompting courts to refer to it. The first section reflects on: whether judges are able to choose to refer to the Convention or have a legal duty to do so; the significance of the fact that the CRPD is international law; and whether judges appear to see themselves merely as domestic actors, or as agents or trustees of the CRPD. The second section explores whether judges are referring to the CRPD in response to arguments raised before the court or doing so of their own volition. Also considered are the relevance of amicus curiae interventions; reasons for referral related to the domestic legal system; and the role of particularly engaged individuals.

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