scholarly journals Why Do People Give? Testing Pure and Impure Altruism

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (11) ◽  
pp. 3617-3633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ottoni-Wilhelm ◽  
Lise Vesterlund ◽  
Huan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Direct Test ◽  
Warm Glow ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Impure Altruism ◽  
Pure Altruism ◽  
Crowd Out

Researchers measure crowd-out around one level of charity output to identify whether giving is motivated by altruism and/or warm-glow. However, crowd-out depends on output, implying first that the power to reject pure altruism varies, and second that a single measurement of incomplete crowd-out can be rationalized by many different preferences. By instead measuring crowd-out at different output levels, we allow both for identification and for a novel and direct test of impure altruism. Using a new experimental design, we present the first empirical evidence that, consistent with impure altruism, crowd-out decreases with output. (JEL D64, L31)

scholarly journals Do nudges crowd out prosocial behavior?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Erik Gråd ◽  
Arvid Erlandsson ◽  
Gustav Tinghög
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Good News ◽  
Warm Glow ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Crowding Effects ◽  
Crowd Out

Abstract Both theory on motivational crowding and recent empirical evidence suggest that nudging may sometimes backfire and actually crowd out prosocial behavior, due to decreased intrinsic motivation and warm glow. In this study, we tested this claim by investigating the effects of three types of nudges (default nudge, social norm nudge, and moral nudge) on donations to charity in a preregistered online experiment (N = 1098). Furthermore, we manipulated the transparency of the nudges across conditions by explicitly informing subjects of the nudges that were used. Our results show no indication that nudges crowd out prosocial behavior; instead, all three nudges increased donations. The positive effects of the nudges were driven by the subjects who did not perceive the nudges as attempts to manipulate their behavior, while donations among subjects who felt that the nudges were manipulative remained unaffected. Subjects’ self-reported happiness with their choice also remained unaffected. Thus, we find no indication that nudges crowded out warm glow when acting altruistically. Generally, our results are good news for the proponents of nudges in public policy, since they suggest that concerns about unintended motivational crowding effects on prosocial behavior have been overstated.

Pay Secrecy versus Pay Disclosure for Salesmen: A Longitudinal Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Futrell ◽  
Omer C. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Pay Secrecy

On the basis of a “before-after with control group” experimental design, empirical evidence is provided that shows the amount of information disclosed about pay had a major impact on salesmen's performance and job satisfaction.

scholarly journals Altruism and Egoism/Warm Glow in Economics and Psychology: Building a Bridge Between Different Experimental Approaches

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ottoni-Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Warm Glow ◽  
Systematic Description ◽  
Experimental Approaches

The same dual–motive theory that combines altruism and egoism/warm glow is used in economics to study charitable giving and in psychology to study helping behavior. However, the two disciplines have taken different approaches to experimental testing. This paper builds a bridge between the different experimental approaches. For economists, the importance of this bridge is that it leads to a systematic description of six specific types of egoism/warm glow, and further suggests experimental designs that could be used to investigate warm glow motives in charitable giving. For psychologists, the bridge is important because the experimental design in economics suggests a way to test, directly rather than indirectly, the empathy–altruism hypothesis.

scholarly journals GESTIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO Y CAPITAL INTELECTUAL EN LA INDUSTRIA TEQUILERA DEL ESTADO DE JALISCO

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Marco Alberto Núñez Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Degree Of Association

<p>Studies show that knowledge management is associated with intellectual capital; however,<br />is not clear how this relationship occurs. The objective of this research is to know the degree of association between knowledge management and intellectual capital. We<br />obtained as empirical evidence 50 Tequila companies of the State of Jalisco, Mexico. We found positive and significant levels of correlation between the above variables; as well<br />as significant values of influence of the knowledge management on intellectual capital, through the use of control variables such as the size of the company and area of trade, through a correlational, and quantitative research with a non-experimental design, where the correlation of Pearson, multiple regression and hierarchical regression were used.</p>

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON DISSOCIATIVE PERSPECTIVE OF ATTENTION AND CONSCIOUSNESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-521
Author(s):  
Aarushi Agarwal ◽  
Ajeet Patel ◽  
Tara Singh ◽  
Trayambak Tiwari ◽  
Anju Lata Singh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
The Other ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of the study: To answer the two existing controversies regarding attention and consciousness as brain processes. 1) Can one be aware of objects or events without attending to it? 2) Can one attend to objects or events without being aware of it? And also how top-down attention and awareness have opposing functions. Methodology: This article is a systematic review of the relationship between visual attention and awareness. An extensive elaborate study on concepts relating to attention and consciousness dissociation has been done. In this article we also narrow it down to experimental design that requires independent manipulation of each. Which include top-down attention and awareness aspect of consciousness? Main Findings: Many researches have been put forward supporting the independent nature of attention from awareness using sophisticated experimental and physiological shreds of evidence. On the other hand, some researches still stick to the contemporary common-sense notion of no awareness no attention. Our evaluation suggests an independent nature of attention and awareness. Application: This article intends to give a clear perspective of the ongoing debate on the relationship between attention and consciousness. Simplification of both umbrella terms will give basis for building more empirical evidence. Novelty: Further, this article put forward studies on both sides of debate aiming to bridge the gap to get a conclusive outlook in the future.

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