Adverse and Advantageous Selection in the Laboratory

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 2152-2178
Author(s):  
S. Nageeb Ali ◽  
Maximilian Mihm ◽  
Lucas Siga ◽  
Chloe Tergiman
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Strategic Uncertainty ◽  
Advantageous Selection ◽  
Endogenous Selection

We study two-player games where one-sided asymmetric information can lead to either adverse or advantageous selection. We contrast behavior in these games with settings where both players are uninformed. We find stark differences, suggesting that subjects do account for endogenous selection effects. Removing strategic uncertainty increases the fraction of subjects who account for selection. Subjects respond more to adverse than advantageous selection. Using additional treatments where we vary payoff feedback, we connect this difference to learning. We also observe a significant fraction of subjects who appear to understand selection effects but do not apply that knowledge. (JEL C92, D82, D91)

scholarly journals Coordination and Private Information Revelation

Games ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Debdatta Saha ◽  
Prabal Roy Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Existence Result ◽  
Coordination Game ◽  
Information Revelation ◽  
Coordination Failure ◽  
Strategic Uncertainty ◽  
Full Disclosure ◽  
Two Agents ◽  
Battle Of The Sexes

This paper examines a persuasion game between two agents with one-sided asymmetric information, where the informed agent can reveal her private information prior to playing a Battle-of-the-Sexes coordination game. There is a close connection between the extent of information revelation and the possibility of coordination failure; while, in the absence of any coordination failure, there exist equilibria with full disclosure, in the presence of strategic uncertainty in coordination there exists an equilibrium with no information revelation. We provide a purification argument for the non-existence result, as well demonstrate that it is robust to several extensions, including both-sided asymmetric information and imprecise information revelation.

scholarly journals Dependence of Faraday Effects on Radio Luminosity and Redshift

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
A. A. Ubachukwu ◽  
A. C. Ugwoke ◽  
A. E. Chukwude
Keyword(s):  
Radio Source ◽  
Ambient Medium ◽  
Cosmological Evolution ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Radio Luminosity ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Source Sample ◽  
Faraday Effects ◽  
Bright Source

Quantitative estimates are provided for the influence of luminosity selection effects present in a bright source sample on the observed correlation of the depolarisation rate Λ ½ with redshift z . It is shown that the observed correlation is partly intrinsic and partly due to luminosity effects. More specifically, we find that ~46% of the observed Λ ½ correlation with z can be attributed to strong luminosity selection effects in the sample. This shows that a significant fraction (~54%) of the observed correlation is cosmological in origin. It is concluded that there is a cosmological evolution of Λ ½, over and above that resulting from luminosity selection effects, which may be related to the epoch dependent properties of the ambient medium through which the radio source components propagate.

scholarly journals Coordination and Private Information Revelation: Failure of Information Unraveling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debdatta Saha ◽  
Prabal Roy Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Mixed Strategy ◽  
Coordination Game ◽  
Information Revelation ◽  
Strategic Uncertainty ◽  
Two Agents ◽  
Strategy Equilibrium ◽  
Battle Of The Sexes ◽  
Central Result

This paper examines a persuasion game between two agents with one-sided asymmetric information, where the informed agent can reveal her private information prior to playing a Battle-of-the-Sexes coordination game. We find that in the presence of strategic uncertainty in coordination there exists an equilibrium where there is no 'unraveling' of information. We provide a purification argument for this mixed strategy equilibrium to strengthen the central result, which is robust to several extensions, including both-sided asymmetric information and imprecise information revelation.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

On the Mathematical Basis of Zelen’s Prerandomized Designs

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brunner ◽  
N. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Mathematical Basis ◽  
Additional Assumptions

SummaryThe mathematical basis of Zelen’s suggestion [4] of pre randomizing patients in a clinical trial and then asking them for their consent is investigated. The first problem is to estimate the therapy and selection effects. In the simple prerandomized design (PRD) this is possible without any problems. Similar observations have been made by Anbar [1] and McHugh [3]. However, for the double PRD additional assumptions are needed in order to render therapy and selection effects estimable. The second problem is to determine the distribution of the statistics. It has to be taken into consideration that the sample sizes are random variables in the PRDs. This is why the distribution of the statistics can only be determined asymptotically, even under the assumption of normal distribution. The behaviour of the statistics for small samples is investigated by means of simulations, where the statistics considered in the present paper are compared with the statistics suggested by Ihm [2]. It turns out that the statistics suggested in [2] may lead to anticonservative decisions, whereas the “canonical statistics” suggested by Zelen [4] and considered in the present paper keep the level quite well or may lead to slightly conservative decisions, if there are considerable selection effects.

AGENCY PROBLEM DALAM PENERAPAN PEMBIAYAAN AKAD MUDHARABAH PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH

ALQALAM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Aswadi Lubis
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Agency Problem ◽  
Agency Problems ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
The Public

The purpose of writing this article is to describe the agency problems that arise in the application of the financing with mudharabah on Islamic banking. In this article the author describes the use of the theory of financing, asymetri information, agency problems inside of financing. The conclusion of this article is that the financing is asymmetric information problems will arise, both adverse selection and moral hazard. The high risk of prospective managers (mudharib) for their moral hazard and lack of readiness of human resources in Islamic banking is among the factors that make the composition of the distribution of funds to the public more in the form of financing. The limitations that can be done to optimize this financing is among other things; owners of capital supervision (monitoring) and the customers themselves place restrictions on its actions (bonding).

The Nature of Chemisorbed CO2 in Zeolite A

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Rzepka ◽  
Zoltán Bacsik ◽  
Andrew J. Pell ◽  
Niklas Hedin ◽  
Aleksander Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Quantum Chemical Calculations ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Mas Nmr ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Zeolite A

Formation of CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> species without participation of the framework oxygen atoms upon chemisorption of CO<sub>2</sub> in zeolite |Na<sub>12</sub>|-A is revealed. The transfer of O and H atoms is very likely to have proceeded via the involvement of residual H<sub>2</sub>O or acid groups. A combined study by solid-state <sup>13</sup>C MAS NMR, quantum chemical calculations, and <i>in situ</i> IR spectroscopy showed that the chemisorption mainly occurred by the formation of HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. However, at a low surface coverage of physisorbed and acidic CO<sub>2</sub>, a significant fraction of the HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was deprotonated and transformed into CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>. We expect that similar chemisorption of CO<sub>2</sub> would occur for low-silica zeolites and other basic silicates of interest for the capture of CO<sub>2</sub> from gas mixtures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document