The Determinants of Equilibrium Unemployment

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1297-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eran Yashiv
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Unemployment ◽  
Empirical Validity ◽  
Optimal Behavior ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Search And Matching Model

The paper takes the search and matching model of the aggregate labor market to the data. It tests the model's empirical validity and employs structural estimation to generate a characterization of the optimal behavior of firms and workers. The model is applied to Israeli data that are uniquely suited for this kind of empirical investigation. The structural estimates are used to quantify the frictions embodied in the model, including the costs of search, the congestion and trading externality effects, and the matching process. A calibration-simulation analysis then studies the effect of several key variables on equilibrium unemployment. (JEL E24, E32, J63, J64)

scholarly journals The attitude of consumers towards “Made in Italy” products. An empirical analysis among Italian customers

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Cappelli ◽  
Fabrizio D’ascenzo ◽  
Roberto Ruggieri ◽  
Francesca Rossetti ◽  
Alessandra Scalingi
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Premium Price ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Standpoint ◽  
Made In

Abstract The paper is part of a broader research project studying consumer’s attitude towards “Made in Italy” products through empirical investigation. The research questions addressed are: 1) Does recognition in terms of the qualitative characterization of “Made in Italy” products exist? And if so, 2) are people willing to pay, in quantitative terms, a premium price for such products? From a theoretical standpoint, the research seeks to fill a gap in the literature, since studies combining the “made in” characteristic with measured “willingness to pay” are neither conventional nor numerous. The specific purpose of this contribution is to analyze the relationship between the purchase of “Made in Italy” products, recognition of the quality and willingness to pay a premium price on the part of Italian consumers, reporting the results of an empirical research. The survey involved a total of 315 Italian consumers while three commodity sectors were analysed: food, fashion and mechanical automation. The results confirm that there is a propensity to purchase “Made in Italy” products which does not seem to be a matter of irrational consumer behaviour. “Made in Italy” is confirmed as a conceptual category consolidated in the minds of consumers, since there is clear recognition of these products in terms of qualitative characterization. These and other results of the research (which need to be confirmed and extended with further empirical investigations) should prove relevant both to the literature and as indications for public policies and the strategies of companies operating in the sectors examined. For the literature this research can be useful because there is no complete overview of quantitative data on the premium price. It can also serve for public policies because quantification of the premium price can influence the choices and strategies of companies. This study shows a significant willingness to pay a premium price for the three sectors analyzed, although the premium price is not homogeneous: while the measures range mostly between 10 and 30%, higher values appear for products in the food sector.

scholarly journals The Impact of Entropy and Solution Density on Selected SAT Heuristics

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Dor Cohen ◽  
Ofer Strichman
Keyword(s):  
Medium Size ◽  
Solution Density ◽  
Back Door ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Computationally Expensive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Input Formula

We present a new characterization of propositional formulas called entropy, which approximates the freedom we have in assigning the variables. Like several other such measures (e.g., back-door and back-door-key variables), it is computationally expensive to compute. Nevertheless, for small and medium-size satisfiable formulas, it enables us to study the effect of this freedom on the impact of various SAT heuristics, following up on a recent study by C. Oh (Oh, SAT’15, LNCS 9340, 307–323). Oh’s findings were that the expected success of various heuristics depends on whether the input formula is satisfiable or not. With entropy, and also with the measure of solution density, we are able to refine these findings for the case of satisfiable formulas. Specifically, we found empirically that satisfiable formulas with small entropy “behave” similarly to unsatisfiable formulas.

scholarly journals A NOTE ON THE RELATION BETWEEN SEARCH COSTS AND SEARCH DURATION FOR NEW HIRES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Carbonero ◽  
Hermann Gartner
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Search Costs ◽  
Market Volatility ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Search And Matching ◽  
Matching Model ◽  
Instrumental Variable Estimation ◽  
Search And Matching Model ◽  
New Hires

Fixed search costs, that is, costs that do not vary with search duration, can amplify the cyclical volatility of the labor market. To assess the size of fixed costs, we analyze the relation between search costs and search duration using German establishment data. An instrumental variable estimation shows no relation between search duration and search costs. We conclude that search costs are mainly fixed costs. Furthermore, we show that a search and matching model, calibrated for Germany with fixed costs close to 75%, can generate labor market volatility that is consistent with the data.

scholarly journals Simulation, Analysis, and Characterization of Calcium-Doped ZnO Nanostructures for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4863
Author(s):  
Shahzadi Tayyaba ◽  
Muhammad Waseem Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Imran Tariq ◽  
Maham Akhlaq ◽  
Valentina Emilia Balas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Optical Band Gap ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell Efficiency ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Doped Zno ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

In this research article, the authors have discussed the simulation, analysis, and characterization of calcium-doped zinc oxide (Ca-doped-ZnO) nanostructures for advanced generation solar cells. A comparative study has been performed to envisage the effect of Ca-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NP), seeded Ca-doped ZnO nanorods (NR), and unseeded Ca-doped ZnO NR as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells. Simulations were performed in MATLAB fuzzy logic controller to study the effect of various structures on the overall solar cell efficiency. The simulation results show an error of less than 1% in between the simulated and calculated values. This work shows that the diameter of the seeded Ca-doped ZnO NR is greater than that of the unseeded Ca-doped ZnO NR. The incorporation of Ca in the ZnO nanostructure is confirmed using XRD graphs and an EDX spectrum. The optical band gap of the seeded substrate is 3.18 eV, which is higher compared to those of unseeded Ca-doped ZnO NR and Ca-doped ZnO NP, which are 3.16 eV and 3.13 ev, respectively. The increase in optical band gap results in the improvement of the overall solar cell efficiency of the seeded Ca-doped ZnO NR to 1.55%. The incorporation of a seed layer with Ca-doped ZnO NR increases the fill factor and the overall efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC).

Did the Hartz Reforms Speed-Up the Matching Process? A Macro- Evaluation Using Empirical Matching Functions

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Fahr ◽  
Uwe Sunde
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Labor Market Flows ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

Abstract Starting in January 2003, Germany implemented the first two so-called Hartz reforms, followed by the third and fourth packages of Hartz reforms in January 2004 and January 2005, respectively. The aim of these reforms was to accelerate labor market flows and reduce unemployment duration.Without attempting to evaluate the specific components of these Hartz reforms, this paper provides a first attempt to evaluate the overall effectiveness of the first two reform waves, Hartz I/II and III, in speeding up the matching process between unemployed and vacant jobs. The analysis is conceptually rooted in the flow-based view underlying the reforms, estimating the structural features of the matching process. The results indicate that the reforms indeed had an impact in making the labor market more dynamic and accelerating the matching process.

An empirical investigation of the felicity conditions for the Japanese evidentials -rashii, -sooda, and -yooda

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-198
Author(s):  
Julie Matsubara ◽  
Michael Blasingame ◽  
E. Allyn Smith
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Indirect Information

This paper reports on the first detailed experimental investigation of the perception of the felicity of evidential markers in context. We investigated the Japanese evidentials -rashii, -sooda, and -yooda in various discourse environments by manipulating two key variables: (a) whether there was any conjecture required, and (b) whether the information source was accessible firsthand to the speaker. This work provides a baseline against which future studies of other discourse variables can be measured, and our results present some challenges to established conceptions. For example, -rashii was found to be compatible with reportative utterances, building on its traditional categorization as a conjectural evidential. We situate our findings with respect to the typological literature and contemplate how the results may inform semantico-pragmatic theories of evidentiality. We further propose a slight modification to McCready and Ogata (2007) to account for the felicity of bare propositions with indirect information sources.

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