The Impact of Economic Freedom on the Black/White Income Gap

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Hoover ◽  
Ryan A. Compton ◽  
Daniel C. Giedeman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
State Level ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Black Households

Using state-level data from 1980-2010 we examine whether economic freedom, as measured by the Economic Freedom of North America Index, has had any impact in increasing or decreasing the ratio of median income for black households to the median income of white households. To our knowledge, there has been no research on racial income disparities and the role that economic freedom might have in alleviating or exacerbating the problem. We find evidence that economic freedom is associated with an increase in the racial income gap.

scholarly journals The impact of a federal cigarette minimum pack price policy on cigarette use in the USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan J Doogan ◽  
Mary Ellen Wewers ◽  
Micah Berman
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Minimum Price ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundIncreasing cigarette prices reduce cigarette use. The US Food and Drug Administration has the authority to regulate the sale and promotion—and therefore the price—of tobacco products.ObjectiveTo examine the potential effect of federal minimum price regulation on the sales of cigarettes in the USA.MethodWe used yearly state-level data from the Tax Burden on Tobacco and other sources to model per capita cigarette sales as a function of price. We used the fitted model to compare the status quo sales with counterfactual scenarios in which a federal minimum price was set. The minimum price scenarios ranged from $0 to $12.ResultsThe estimated price effect in our model was comparable with that found in the literature. Our counterfactual analyses suggested that the impact of a minimum price requirement could range from a minimal effect at the $4 level to a reduction of 5.7 billion packs sold per year and 10 million smokers at the $10 level.ConclusionA federal minimum price policy has the potential to greatly benefit tobacco control and public health by uniformly increasing the price of cigarettes and by eliminating many price-reducing strategies currently available to both sellers and consumers.

The Employment Impact of Casino Gambling in the U.S.

2013 ◽  
pp. 2-17
Author(s):  
Gary Anders
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Casino Gambling ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Employment Impact ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Casino gambling has become a popular economic development strategy. This chapter examines the impact of casinos on employment as determined by an econometric analysis of state-level data for eight industries. The results suggest that the opening of casinos leads to employment increases in the arts and entertainment, accommodations, and food and beverage industries. At the same time, it leads to decreases in employment in management and professional services, technology, and manufacturing. Also evident is the impact of demographic changes and computer technology. These findings suggest that the expansion of commercial gaming has a positive effect on regional employment in some sectors while having a negative effect in other sectors, especially in those states with competing gambling venues.

More on the Impact of Economic Freedom on the Black–White Income Gap

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Hoover ◽  
Ryan A. Compton ◽  
Daniel C. Giedeman
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Black Household ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Household ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Using household-level data from 1980 to 2010, we examine whether economic freedom, as measured by the Economic Freedom of North America Index, has similar effects on white household income as it does on black household income. Our findings suggest that the positive effect of economic freedom found in most studies affects black households less than white households. Further, using the Oaxaca decomposition, our results show that economic freedom is an important factor explaining the gap between black and white household incomes.

scholarly journals Head Start and Families’ Recovery from Economic Recession: Policy Recommendations for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Scarborough ◽  
Caitlyn Collins ◽  
Leah Ruppanner ◽  
Liana Christin Landivar
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
State Level ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Head Start Programs ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This article examines whether the availability of Head Start during the Great Recession mitigated the impact of this crisis on poverty rates among families with young children.Background: The first two decades of the 21st century have witnessed two major economic crises: the Great Recession and the COVID-19 pandemic. Poverty rates among families with young children grew substantially during the Great Recession. Families with young children are also more vulnerable to instability during the COVID-19 pandemic as job losses have been steeper and childcare availability has been significantly curtailed. Programs like Head Start that support at-risk families may mitigate such negative consequences.Method: This study uses data from the American Community Survey from 2006 through 2016 and state-level data on Head Start availability from Program Information Reports. Growth curve modeling is used to examine how the availability of Head Start predicted poverty growth during the Great Recession and the speed of recovery post-recession.Results: States with higher rates of Head Start enrollment had a smaller increase in family poverty during the Great Recession and a more stable recovery than states with lower Head Start enrollment.Conclusions: These findings suggest that greater access to Head Start programs prevented many families from falling into poverty and helped others exit poverty during the Great Recession.Implications: The findings provide clear, evidence-based policy recommendations. Increased federal funding for Head Start is needed to support families during a COVID-19 recession. States should supplement these allocations to expand Head Start enrollment for all eligible families.

Economic freedom of North America at state borders

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
RYAN H. MURPHY
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
State Level ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Capital Income ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractI use matched county pairs on either side of US state borders to investigate the causal effects of the Economic Freedom of North America index (EFNA) on local outcomes. This method is similar to Dube et al. (2010). I construct a panel of county pairs running from 1981–2012 and four measures of outcomes, logged real incomes, logged real per capita incomes, employment, and logged real wages, employing single year and five year differences-in-differences. I find small, but precisely estimated, effects on incomes but mixed effects on wages and employment. All regressions show low R2. This supports the hypothesis that state-level economic freedom improves capital income or that it attracts capital income across state borders.

Does economic freedom matter for risk-taking? Evidence from MENA banks

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saibal Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Bank Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Risk Appetite ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The relevance of economic freedom in influencing bank risk taking has not been adequately addressed in the literature. In this connection, employing bank-level data for 2000-2012, the purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of economic freedom on risk taking by MENA banks. Design/methodology/approach Given the cross-sectional time-series nature of the data, the author employs panel data techniques to explore this issue. In addition, the author examines the robustness of the results using instrumental variable techniques. Findings The findings appear to suggest that economic freedom exerts a significant and non-negligible impact on bank risk taking. Among the sub-components of economic freedom, it is observed that higher levels of both business and monetary freedom increase variability of profits and, thereby, raise the risk appetite of banks. Risk taking by banks appears to be reliably lower after the crisis than in the period prior to it, although there was a substantial increase in bank risk taking during the crisis. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is one of the earliest studies to explore the interlinkage between economic freedom and bank risk taking for MENA banks.

THE IMPACT OF BUSINESS CLIMATE, FOREIGN POPULATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT ON NEW VENTURE CREATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK HOELSCHER ◽  
BALASUBRAMANIAN ELANGO
Keyword(s):  
New Ventures ◽  
State Level ◽  
New Venture ◽  
New Venture Creation ◽  
Venture Creation ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Foreign Population ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact

This paper seeks to add to the literature on regional factors that drive development of new ventures. In particular, it investigates the effects of business climate, foreign population and unemployment on new venture creation. Using state level data from the time period 2003–2007, we find that while business climate and foreign population are positively related to new venture creation, unemployment is negatively related. Implications of this study for fostering entrepreneurship are discussed.

scholarly journals The Impact of Driving Knowledge on Motor Vehicle Fatalities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter O. Simmons ◽  
Andrew M. Welki ◽  
Thomas J. Zlatoper
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
State Level ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Significant Life ◽  
Saving Effect ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes the influence of driving knowledge on highway safety by estimating regression models on U.S. state-level data over six years (2005 through 2010). The models incorporate a representative set of motor vehicle fatality determinants. Driving knowledge—as measured by performance on the GMAC Insurance National Drivers Test—has a statistically significant life-saving effect. Negatively related to the motor vehicle death rate and statistically significant are: real per capita income, precipitation, seat belt use, and a linear trend. Statistically significant positive associations with the rate are found for: the ratio of rural to urban driving, temperature, the percentage of young drivers, the percentage of old drivers, and alcohol consumption.

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