scholarly journals A Network of Thrones: Kinship and Conflict in Europe, 1495–1918

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-133
Author(s):  
Seth G. Benzell ◽  
Kevin Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Family Ties ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
Kinship Ties

We construct a database linking European royal kinship networks, monarchies, and wars to study the effect of family ties on conflict. To establish causality, we exploit decreases in connection caused by apolitical deaths of rulers’ mutual relatives. These deaths are associated with substantial increases in the frequency and duration of war. We provide evidence that these deaths affect conflict only through changing the kinship network. Over our period of interest, the percentage of European monarchs with kinship ties increased threefold. Together, these findings help explain the well-documented decrease in European war frequency. (JEL D74, N33, N34, N43, N44, Z12, Z13)

scholarly journals ‘Blood’ Kinship and Kinship in Christ’s Blood: Nomadic Evangelism in the Nenets Tundra

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vagramenko
Keyword(s):  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Cultural Logic ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
Economic Exchanges ◽  
Born Again ◽  
Kinship Ties ◽  
Polar Ural

Abstract The article addresses a conflicting encounter of two ideologies of kinship, ‘natural’ and ‘religious’, among the newly established Evangelical communities of Nenets in the Polar Ural and Yamal tundra. An ideology of Christian kinship, as an outcome of ‘spiritual re-birth’, was introduced through Nenets religious conversion. The article argues that although the born-again experience often turned against ancestral traditions and Nenets traditional kinship ties, the Nenets kinship system became a platform upon which the conversion mechanism was furthered and determined in the Nenets tundra. The article examines missionary initiatives and Nenets religiosity as kin-based activities, the outcome of which was twofold. On one side, it was the realignment of Nenets traditional kinship networks. On other side, it was the indigenisation of the Christian concept of kinship according to native internal cultural logic. Evangelical communities in the tundra were plunged into the traditional practices of Nenets kinship networks, economic exchanges, and marriage alliances. Through negotiation of traditional Nenets kinship and Christian kinship, converted Nenets developed new imaginaries, new forms of exchanges, and even new forms of mobility.

Matrilineal Family Ties and Marital Dissolution in Ghana

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baffour K. Takyi ◽  
Stephen Obeng Gyimah
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Marital Dissolution ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Marital Outcomes ◽  
Kinship Ties

Although previous work has attributed the instability of African marriages to the diffusion of Western norms and values in the region, fewer attempts have been made to empirically assess how Africa's internal institutional structures, such as extended kinship ties, impact marital outcomes. Guided by rational choice and exchange theories, we argue that the strong bonds that exist among matrilineal family members in particular, rather than within the conjugal unit, may be important to understanding the dynamics of marital processes in the region, and particularly divorce processes. We test our hypothesis with data from the 1988, 1993, 1998, and 2003 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys. Consistent with our hypothesis, the results indicate a significantly higher risk of divorce among matrilineal than nonmatrilineal women. The matrilineal effect persisted even after we controlled for sociocultural and demographic characteristics.

scholarly journals Kinship resources for the elderly

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1363) ◽  
pp. 1811-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennethl W. Wachter
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Sample Surveys ◽  
Economic Deprivation ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
Kinship Ties

As population ageing strains social insurance systems, cohorts whose own fertility was low will be reaching elderly status, leaving close biological kin in short supply. However, there is a countervailing trend, inasmuch as burgeoning divorce, remarriage and family blending have expanded the numbers and varieties of step–kin and other non–standard kinship ties. Methods of computer microsimulation in conjunction with richer sample surveys can help us to foresee the contours of kin numbers and kinship relations in the future. Prime areas include the likely frequency of kin–deprived elderly, the overlap with economic deprivation and the interaction between kin frequency and intensity of contact. Step–ties may be weaker but nonetheless critical in raising the probability of at least one compatible member with whom one can choose to maintain contact and rely on. Kinship networks extended through half– and step–links, by stretching across racial and economic lines, may promote social cohesion.

Sibling Ties

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranita Ray
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
School Work ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Intimate Relations ◽  
Kinship Ties ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter focuses on the complexities of sibling ties of the urban poor and highlights the relationship between exchange and intimacy under the constraints of poverty. It argues that located at the nexus of family and peer group, siblings play a unique role compared to peers, parents, extended family, teachers, or romantic partners. Sibling relations are a particularly important family arrangement within socioeconomically marginalized families: in such families, brothers and sisters regularly take on adult responsibilities and make contributions to the household. Older siblings help younger ones navigate school, work, neighborhood, and interactions with the police. Regular and obligatory exchange between siblings, however, often makes families unstable. The close analysis of kinship ties among Port City youth provided in this chapter challenges the simplistic preoccupation with exchange of resources (or absence thereof) within kinship systems by recognizing the costs of exchange on intimate relations, as well as accompanying emotional work. The exchange of resources within kinship networks often strain kinship ties, making them simultaneously resourceful and hostile. The family, thus, acts in paradoxical ways in the lives of the poor, providing support for upward mobility and acting as a place of hostility and conflict.

Violence, kinship networks, and political resilience

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassy Dorff
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
State Level ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Kinship Ties

Previous literature has shown a link between violent victimization and pro-sociopolitical behavior. This study asks why victimization is shown to increase the likelihood of political participation in regions of ongoing armed conflict. I argue that previous answers to this question have overlooked a key variable for predicting civilian behavior: individual-level social context. As a step forward in connecting social networks to behavior outcomes, I present the kinship network as a novel measure for proxying an individual’s valuable and private social interactions. Building on previous victimization literature, I suggest that to comprehensively understand the effects of victimization, scholars should account for social context. Specifically, I examine the hypothesis that as kinship ties strengthen, victimization positively influences the likelihood of political participation. To test this argument, I turn to the Mexican criminal conflict. I use original survey data of 1,000 respondents collected in July 2012 from the ongoing drug war in Mexico, and in doing so, I find that kinship plays a key role in motivating political participation during armed conflicts in that survivors of criminal violence with strong ties to kinship networks are the most likely to participate in political groups; these results are robust to state-level fixed effects and are unlikely to be driven by victimization selection bias.

Reproducing Elite Lives

2019 ◽  
pp. 217-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujithra Ponniah
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Joint Family ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Fictive Kinship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
Kinship Ties ◽  
Familial Roles

This chapter explores the social reproductive roles performed by elite ‘upper’-caste Aggarwal women in family businesses in Delhi. By focusing on women’s associational and familial roles in a South Delhi neighbourhood, three strategies of reproduction are discussed: first, forging inter-strata fictive kinship ties for caste cohesion through women’s ‘social work’; second, forging intra-strata fictive kinship ties for business opportunities through sustained interactions; and third, steering the individuating aspirations of children around marital choices for the unity of the joint family and business. These strategies of elite reproduction highlight the secularizing pulls on gender and caste in urban contexts, despite the dependence of family businesses on caste and family ties. Furthermore, by focusing on women in family businesses, this chapter shows that while they are not passive victims of caste patriarchy neither are they invisible in the male-centric family businesses.

Immigration, Collective Efficacy, Social Ties, and Violence: Unpacking the Mediating Mechanisms in Immigration Effects on Neighborhood-Level Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Feldmeyer ◽  
Arelys Madero-Hernandez ◽  
Carlos E. Rojas-Gaona ◽  
Lauren Copley Sabon
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
Immigrant Concentration ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Kinship Ties ◽  
Neighborhood Level

An extensive body of research indicates that community levels of crime are either unaffected by levels of immigration or that immigration is associated with lower, not higher, rates of crime. According to the “immigrant revitalization” perspective, the protective effects of immigration are largely indirect, working through neighborhood-level processes, such as social networks, social capital, and collective efficacy. However, these mediating effects have received little empirical attention in the immigration–crime literature. Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, the current study seeks to extend research on immigration and crime by assessing the mediating effects of neighborhood friendship and kinship ties and collective efficacy in immigration–violence relationships. Similar to previous studies, we find that the total effect of immigrant concentration on homicide and perceptions of violence is null. However, examining the indirect pathways reveals that immigration works in complex ways, with both positive and negative influences on violence that ultimately manifest as a nonsignificant effect. Specifically, immigrant concentration is associated with lower levels of collective efficacy, thereby increasing violence, but it is simultaneously linked to stronger friendship and kinship networks, which in turn reduces violence. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Nepotism in the Hiring of Leaders

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Darioly ◽  
Ronald E. Riggio
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Hiring Decision ◽  
Job Application ◽  
Career Progress

This study examines how applicants who are relatives of the company’s executives are perceived when they are being considered for a leadership position. In a 2 (Family ties: with vs. without) × 2 (Applicant qualifications: well-qualified vs. underqualified) experimental design, 165 Swiss employees read the applicant’s job application and evaluated the hiring decision, the perceived competence, and the perceived career progress of the target employee. This research showed that even a well-qualified potential employee received a more negative evaluation if the candidate had family ties to the company. Despite their negative evaluation of potential nepotistic hires, the participants nevertheless believed that family ties would boost the career progress of an underqualified applicant. Limitations and implications are discussed.

Strengthening Family Ties

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Norfleet
Keyword(s):  
Family Ties
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