scholarly journals Water Pollution Progress at Borders: The Role of Changes in China's Political Promotion Incentives

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Kahn ◽  
Pei Li ◽  
Daxuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Regime Shift ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants ◽  
Local Leaders

At political boundaries, local leaders have weak incentives to reduce polluting activity because the social costs are borne by downstream neighbors. This paper exploits a natural experiment set in China in which the central government changed the local political promotion criteria and thus incentivized local officials to reduce border pollution along specific criteria. We document evidence of pollution progress with respect to targeted criteria at province boundaries. Heavy metal pollutants, not targeted by the central government, have not decreased in concentration after the regime shift. Using data on the economic geography of key industrial water polluters, we explore possible mechanisms. (JEL D72, O13, O18, P25, P28, Q25, Q53)

Mending Broken Hearts

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen L. Idler ◽  
David A. Boulifard ◽  
Richard J. Contrada
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Never Married ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Marriage has long been linked to lower risk for adult mortality in population and clinical studies. In a regional sample of patients ( n = 569) undergoing cardiac surgery, we compared 5-year hazards of mortality for married persons with those of widowed, separated or divorced, and never married persons using data from medical records and psychosocial interviews. After adjusting for demographics and pre- and postsurgical health, unmarried persons had 1.90 times the hazard of mortality of married persons; the disaggregated widowed, never married, and divorced or separated groups had similar hazards, as did men and women. The adjusted hazard for immediate postsurgical mortality was 3.33; the adjusted hazard for long-term mortality was 1.71, and this was mediated by married persons’ lower smoking rates. The findings underscore the role of spouses (both male and female) in caregiving during health crises and the social control of health behaviors.

High-yielding seeds in unyielding environments: Examining the learning process of maize and bean producers in eastern and midwestern Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claris Riungu ◽  
Harro Maat ◽  
Marrit Van Den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Environmental Learning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Selection Of

This paper examines the learning process by which farmers come to a decision to use newly introduced seeds which were promoted through demonstration plots in midwestern and eastern regions of Uganda. Framed as social and material interactions, we investigated the learning process of the demonstration plots using data from focus group discussions, interviews and a survey amongst 983 individuals. The results reveal several constraints that impede learning, resulting in an overall low awareness and adoption of the introduced seeds. Some of the most prominent constraints resulted from the selection of location and demonstration plot host, the distance of agro-dealers, at district headquarters, limited interactions amongst farmers and irregular involvement of farmers in the demonstrations. Moreover, the prominent role of agro-dealers at field days suggests that informing farmers about where to buy seeds was considered more important than explaining farmers how to grow these seeds profitably. This commercial focus of field days and demonstrations plots had negative consequences for the social learning. This paper contributes to the learning and adoption literature by showing that interactions amongst actors can improve or reduce the balance between didactic, social and environmental learning.

Factories for Learning

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy Kulz
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Culture Of Poverty ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Business Executive ◽  
Military Commander ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Teachers And Parents

This book draws on empirical research based at Dreamfields Academy, a celebrated secondary academy in a large English city, to explore how the heightened marketization and centralization of education instigated through academisation is reproducing raced, classed and gendered inequalities. Over half of England’s secondary schools are now academies that receive funding directly from central government and operate as autonomous businesses. Academies’ impact on achievement levels has been hotly debated, but the social and cultural changes prompted by this model have received less scrutiny.Dreamfields’ ‘structure liberates’ ethos claims to free students from a culture of poverty through hard discipline. Its headteacher assumes the role of business executive, saviour, pioneering cowboy and military commander leading a redemptive troupe of teachers who act as ‘surrogate parents’ salvaging ‘urban children’. With its regimented routines and outstanding results, Dreamfields has received praise from across the political spectrum. This book examines the complex stories underlying the glossy veneer of success by exploring how persistent structural inequalities are concealed beneath the colour-blind rhetoric of aspirational citizenship. The book traces how students, teachers and parents navigate the everyday demands of Dreamfields’ results-driven conveyor belt as raced and classed inequalities are reshaped in new ways and spaces of democratic participation are foreclosed.The book explores how the hopes and dreams of students, parents and teachers are harnessed and mobilized to enact insidious forms of social control, as education develops new sites and discourses of surveillance.

The Nightly Round: Space, Social Capital, and Urban Black Nightlife

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Anthony Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
The Social ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Spatial Isolation ◽  
Urban Blacks ◽  
Black Lesbians ◽  
Using Data

Using data generated from participant observation and semistructured interviews, I consider the ways in which nightlife, or what might be imagined as the nightly round—a process encompassing the social interactions, behaviors, and actions involved in going to, being in, and leaving the club—is used to mitigate the effects of social and spatial isolation, complementing the accomplishment of the daily round. Through an analysis of the social world of the Spot, I argue that understanding the ways in which urban blacks use space in the nightclub to mediate racial segregation, sexual segregation, and limited social capital expands our current understanding of the spatial mobility of urban blacks as well as the important role of extra–neighborhood spaces in such processes. Further, I highlight the ways that urban blacks use space in the nightclub to leverage socioeconomic opportunities and enhance social networks. While I found that black heterosexual and lesbian and gay patrons used space in similar ways at the Spot, black lesbians and gays were more likely to use the club as a space to develop ties of social support.

Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) dalam memperkuat perekonomian masyarakat

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Inten Kinasih ◽  
Bambang Widiyahseno ◽  
Ekapti Wahjuni DJ
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Village

The existence of the village administration, not be used as a territory of the margins of life , moreover it was in the aftermath of act no 06 Tahun 2004 about village, The village, drastic change where villages in grant funds from the central government which amount is very large, so that they can make use of resources are required to have, managed that, One alternative is to develop possible "BUMDes" as an institution which managed to increase their own local professional to reach. public welfare. he studies used a method of descriptive qualitative, using data primary and secondary, in the form of, interviews, observation and also, documentation and to obtain data interviews researchers determine informants on the basis of our insights against an object study. The research results explain if efforts to BUMDes "Mekar Sari" very much look in the development and economic growth, It is visible on their Pendapatan Asli Desa (PAD) Morosari Village in 2017 9.264.000,00, RP - or if percentage benefit around 0,064 % of Pendapatan Asli Desa (PAD), village although it is still too few, percentage but compared to revenue, another  village has already played a major. Although the BUMDes "Mekar Sari"  not too much revenue flows into, village but these activities have made  Morosari village be independent and not depend with Dana Desa (DD) and Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD). The low performance of the role of BUMDes "Mekar Sari"  in the development of economic villagers namely relating to the initial phase still, efforts are based and still has many deficiencies in its implementation, but if balanced development of existing business units will surely also the result of increased percentage obtained. every year.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Media in Promoting Information Disclosure on Environmental Incidents: An Evolutionary Game Theory Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Gao ◽  
Shuang Ling ◽  
Wenhui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Efficient Information

In recent years, social media has had a crucial role in promoting governments to act more responsibly. However, few studies have investigated whether social media use actually leads to increased disclosure during environmental incidents, or how social media influences regional governments’ information disclosure, even though delayed and insufficient disclosure on relevant incidents is often widespread in China. In this article, we model information disclosure during environmental incidents as an evolutionary game process between the central government and local governments, and examine the role of social media on game participants’ strategy selections in the information disclosure game. The results indicate that social media plays an active role in promoting the regional government to proactively disclose information during environmental incidents through two mechanisms: the top–down intervention mechanism, and the bottom–up reputation mechanism. More specifically, social media can provide efficient information channels for the central government to supervise local officials’ limited disclosure during environmental incidents, essentially sharing the central government’s supervision costs, and thus improving its supervision and intervention efficiency. Social media helps focus the public’s attention on the limited disclosure of local officials in environmental incidents, and actively mobilizes citizens to protest to maintain their interests, placing considerable pressure on the reputation of local governments.

Testing Social Science Network Theories with Online Network Data: An Evaluation of External Validity

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES BISBEE ◽  
JENNIFER M. LARSON
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Experimental Setting ◽  
Network Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Online Sources

To answer questions about the origins and outcomes of collective action, political scientists increasingly turn to datasets with social network information culled from online sources. However, a fundamental question of external validity remains untested: are the relationships measured between a person and her online peers informative of the kind of offline, “real-world” relationships to which network theories typically speak? This article offers the first direct comparison of the nature and consequences of online and offline social ties, using data collected via a novel network elicitation technique in an experimental setting. We document strong, robust similarity between online and offline relationships. This parity is not driven by sharedidentityof online and offline ties, but a shared nature of relationships in both domains. Our results affirm that online social tie data offer great promise for testing long-standing theories in the social sciences about the role of social networks.

Managing Scarce Resources and Sensitive Ecosystems: Assessing the Role of CFP in the Development of Portuguese Fisheries

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Valadas Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Using Data

The aim of this paper is to assess the main impacts of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) in the development of Portuguese fisheries. CFP has introduced a wide range of regulatory instruments, such as the annual total allowable catches (TACs), restrictions on the permissible number of fishing days, fleet reductions and limits on the size and engine power of fishing vessels, alongside with some technical measures to regulate gear usage and where and when fishermen can fish. We analyse the trend evidenced by some of the most relevant structural dimensions of the Portuguese fishing fleet using data surveyed from the Statistics Portugal database for a 21 year period (1994–2014). The results suggest that CFP, namely its conservation measures, has failed so far to achieve its fundamental objective of matching fishing effort and living resources through the coupling of biologic objectives with the ones related to the social and economic aspects of fisheries.

‘Don’t even [θ/f/h]ink aboot it’

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Lexical Effects ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Using Data

As a relatively new phenomenon in the phonology of Scottish English, TH-fronting has surprised sociolinguists by its rapid spread in the urban heartlands of Scotland. While attempts have been made to understand and model the influence of lexical effects, media effects and frequency effects, far less understood is the role of social identity. Using data collected as part of an ethnographic study of a high school in the south side of Glasgow, Scotland, this article addresses this gap in the literature by considering how TH-fronting is patterned across three all-male, working-class, adolescent Communities of Practice, and how this innovative variant is integrated within a system of the more established variants [θ] and [h]. Drawing on recent work on linguistic variation and social meaning, the article also explores some of the social meanings of (θ), particularly those variants which previous research has reported as being associated with ‘toughness’, and suggests how these meanings are utilised in speakers’ construction of social identity.

scholarly journals Pola Komunikasi Feminisme Dalam Video Najwa Shihab dan Agnes Monica

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-107
Author(s):  
Muhammad Munir ◽  
Dimas Ayu Pamukir
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
Communication Pattern ◽  
Data Display ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Collection Methods

Women have received a lot of discrimination both in the economic, political, social, SARA, women can only be considered to be able to guide the household. Women still do not get an equality as a woman, energy and workload of a woman has not received appreciation and respect, but instead gets discrimination against women continuously. This study aims to explain the communication patterns of femenism that the community considers that men must be leaders while women can only be housewives in charge of serving their husband and wife. In research on feminism communication patterns, researchers use content analysis methods that are focused on a content, this method is used to represent a concept, character or sentences that are hidden and contain broad meanings, using data collection methods: coding on content that is considered important in the video intended in this study. The content taken to be used as a study is the narrative video of Najwa Shihab and Agnes Monica. Considering that the video tells a role, a pattern of communication phenenism in the social environment. While in the analysis of data researchers will analyze, explore data, display and validate data. the results in this study are the Pattern of Communication of Feminism and Patriarchy in the world of work, the Culture of Patriarchy in Indonesia, the Role of Femenism, the Suppression of Phenemism, the Communication Pattern of Fellow Phememism.

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