Scatter-to-primary ratio in dentomaxillofacial cone-beam CT: effect of field of view and beam energy

2021 ◽  
pp. 20200597
Author(s):  
Ruben Pauwels ◽  
Pisha Pittayapat ◽  
Phonkit Sinpitaksakul ◽  
Soontra Panmekiate
Keyword(s):  
Beam Energy ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Diagnostic Region

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of field of view (FOV) and beam energy on the scatter-to-primary ratio (SPR) in dental cone-beam CT (CBCT). Methods: An anthropomorphic phantom representing an adult male (ATOM Max 711-HN, Norfolk, VA, USA) was scanned using the 3D Accuitomo 170 CBCT (J. Morita, Kyoto, Japan) using 11 FOVs. During each scan, half of the X-ray beam was blocked. Each scan was performed at three exposure settings with varying beam energy and equal radiation dose: 90 kV 5 mA, 77 kV 7.5 mA and 69 kV 10 mA. The SPR was estimated by measuring the grey values in the blocked and non-blocked regions of the RAW data. The effect of FOV on SPR was evaluated using Dunn’s multiple comparison test, and the effect of the exposure settings was compared using a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Larger FOVs showed increased scatter. FOVs with a shorter isocenter-detector distance showed a particularly high SPR. Most intercomparisons between FOVs were statistically significant. The largest difference was found between 17 × 12 cm and 6 × 6 cm (lower jaw), with the former showing a 4.9-fold higher SPR. The effect of beam energy was relatively small and varied between FOV sizes and positions. Conclusion: While the choice of FOV size and position is determined by the diagnostic region of interest, the image quality deterioration for large FOVs due to scatter provides another incentive to limit the FOV size as much as possible.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study to Evaluate Periapical Pathology Using Mid Field of View CBCT and Direct Digital Radiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (43) ◽  
pp. 3659-3664
Author(s):  
Deepigaa Manivasagam ◽  
Arvind Muthukrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Inflammatory Lesion ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Signed Rank Test

BACKGROUND Local response of the bone surrounding the apex of the tooth as a result of pulp necrosis or destruction of the periapical tissues caused by significant periodontal disease is known as a periapical inflammatory lesion. Intraoral radiography is the most commonly used technique but has limitations in representing only 2- dimensional images. CBCT was created primarily to provide 3-dimensional maxillary skeletal images and a smaller and mid field of view (FOV) have a higher spatial resolution and improved diagnostic potential. The intention of this study was to compare and evaluate the results of limited view CBCT and DDI in the diagnosis of periapical pathology. METHODS In this study, a total of 25 patients who visited the oral medicine department with clinical and or radiographic findings were included. Periapical lesions were assessed using a cone-beam CT periapical index (CBCTPAI) scoring system in both direct digital imaging (DDI) radiographs and CBCT images. RESULTS Periapical lesions were found to be more prevalent in 30 - 39 years (40 %) with a male predilection (64 %) and maxillary anterior (36 %) more commonly affected. Wilcoxon signed-rank test performed to assess the mean difference between the two imaging modalities revealed a P < 0.001 and was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the role of CBCT in diagnosing periapical lesions which can be missed or misdiagnosed on DDI. KEY WORDS Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT); Direct Digital Imaging (DDI); Periapical Lesions

scholarly journals Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of cone beam computed tomography in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doua H. Altoukhi ◽  
Sumer Alaki ◽  
Eman El Ashiry ◽  
Osama Nassif ◽  
Dania Sabbahi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Condensed Chromatin ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Abstract Background Dental radiographs are essential tools for diagnosis. However, there are significant concerns about the dangerous effect of radiation especially on children. The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa of children subjected to Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Methods The study included 18 healthy children aged (9–12 years) who were exposed to CBCT. All CBCT scans were performed with the i-CAT CBCT. Exfoliated buccal cells were scraped from the left and right cheek immediately before the exposure, after 10 ± 2 days, and after 1 month. Cells were stained using Feulgen/fast green stain and examined under light microscopy. Genotoxicity (Micronuclei) and cytotoxicity (condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis) were scored. Statistical analysis was performed using the McNemar test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results There were statistically significant differences in the mean percentages of micronuclei, condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis before and 10 ± 2 days after the CBCT scan (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of micronuclei, condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, or pyknosis before and 1 month after the exposure (p > 0.05) except for karyolysis (p < 0.05). Conclusions CBCT may induce genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in buccal mucosa cells of children. Therefore, CBCT should not be prescribed unless necessary as it cannot be considered a risk-free procedure.

scholarly journals Quantifying daily variation in volume and dose to the prostate, rectum and bladder using cone-beam computerised tomography

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McParland ◽  
Moira Pearson ◽  
Joanna Wong ◽  
Ivana Sigur ◽  
Coral Stenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Computerised Tomography ◽  
Dose Prediction ◽  
Ct Dose ◽  
Dose Metrics ◽  
Signed Rank Test

AbstractIntroductionIn the era of dose escalation for localised prostate cancer, the dose–volume histogram (DVH) is integral to the assessment of rectum and bladder dose constraints. However, reliance on a single planning computerised tomography-based (P-CT) dose distribution may not account for variations in delivered dose that results from deformation of the prostate, bladder and rectum. This study uses cone-beam CT (CBCT) datasets from five patients to investigate the concordance between the dose prediction from the initial treatment plan and the dose delivered during treatment.MethodsThe intensity-modulated radiation therapy distribution used for treatment was superimposed on alternate day CBCT images for each patient. Dose metrics and absolute volumes for the prostate, rectum and bladder were extracted from the CBCT-based DVH. Differences in dose and volumes were compared with the P-CT values, and significance was tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.ResultsFor all five case studies, the prostate dose coverage on CBCT plans was lower than predicted with an average reduction of 3% in mean dose. Significant differences in rectal volumes and dose were observed in two out of five and four out of five patients, respectively. Reductions in bladder volume and subsequent increases in dose were observed for three out of five patients.ConclusionThe DVH from P-CT was unable to consistently predict the dose delivered to the bladder and rectum. The current bowel and bladder preparation protocols used at our institution did not eliminate variation in bladder and rectum volumes for the five patients included in this study.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional evaluation of hybrid expander appliances: A pilot study

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Akin ◽  
Yasin Erdem Akgul ◽  
Zehra Ileri ◽  
Faruk Ayhan Basciftci
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Molar Teeth

ABSTRACT Objective:  To evaluate transverse dimensional changes in dentoalveolar and skeletal structures caused by hybrid expander, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods:  The CBCT records of nine patients (five boys and four girls) (mean age 13.61 ± 0.72 years) treated with hybrid expander were examined. CBCT images were taken at pretreatment and after the expansion. ELSA (point equidistant to both foramina spinosa) was determined as a reference point to compare the distances in all three dimensions. Nineteen transversal dimensions and four angles were measured for both right and left sides. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical comparison at P &lt; .05 levels. Results:  A V-shaped expansion of suture was successfully achieved in all patients without teeth support. The amount of opening was greater in anterior than posterior and in inferior than superior. An 8.75-mm screw expansion was achieved for all patients. Expansion effects reverberated to maxillary central incisor, canine, first premolar, and first molar at 70%, 75%, 92%, and 89%, respectively. The molar teeth tipped buccally (right 3.06° and left 3.24°) as did premolars (right 2.88° and left 3.02°). Conclusion:  The hybrid expander, minimally invasive expansion appliance that protects teeth by including bone support, can be used easily for rapid maxillary expansion treatment.

PENGARUH TIRAH BARING TERHADAP PENURUNAN RASA MUAL PADA KLIEN GASTRITIS DI PELAYANAN KESEHATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Dewi Nurhanifah ◽  
Desy Noor Latifah Sari ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Rank Test ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering dialami adalah penyakit gastritis. Gejala yang sering dikeluhkan oleh penderita gastritis adalah mual. Salah satu penatalaksanaan keperawatan yang dapat mengurangi rasa mual adalah tirah baring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tirah baring terhadap penurunan rasa mual pada klien gastritis di Pelayanan Kesehatan. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimental dengan bentuk penelitian one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi dan sampel adalah klien yang mengalami mual di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas  yang berjumlah 15 orang. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Alat pengumpul data menggunakan observasi. Analisa data melalui uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Hasil penelitian menujukkan klien gastritis sebelum tirah baring mengalami mual ringan sebanyak 7 orang (46,7%), sesudah tirah baring mengalami tidak mual sebanyak 7 orang (46,7%). Ada pengaruh tirah baring terhadap penurunan rasa mual pada klien gastritis di Pelayanan Kesehatan (ρ value = 0,001).

Efektifitas Kompres Jahe Merah Hangat Dan Kompres Serai Terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Arthritis Remathoid Pada Lanjut Usia Di Desa Mojoranu Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferawato Ferawati
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Red Ginger

ABSTRAKReumatoid Artritis (RA) merupakan penyakit muscoloskelektal yang sering terjadi pada usia lanjut. Gangguan pada system muscoloskelektal yang ditandai dengan munculnya nyeri sendi dan kekakuan yang mengakibatkan penurunan kemampuan fisiologis atau kualitas hidup lansia. Dampak dari Reumatoid Artritis dapat menimbulkan beberapa keluhan dan dapat menyebabkan kelumpuhan. Untuk menganalisis efektifitas kompres jahe merah hangat dan kompres serai hangat terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri artitris remauthoid pada lanjut usia.Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian adalah quasy experimental dengan two group pre – post test design. Subjek adalah sebagian lansia yang penderita Arthritis Remathoid di Desa Sumberagung Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok I (n=15) diberi perlakuan kompres jahe hangat dan II (n=15) diberi perlakuan kompres serai hangat. Analisis yang digunakan uji Mann Whitney U Test dan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test dengan ingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05.Hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, didapat keduanya mempunyai nilai kemaknaan yaitu ρ value = 0,000. Nilai ρ = 0,031 pada kelompok kompres serai hangat dan kelompok kompres jahe merah ρ value = 0,165. Hasil uji Mann Withney U Test pada Post perlakuan kedua terapi diperoleh selisih nilai nyeri pada kompres jahe ρ= 0,003 dan selisih nilai nyeri kompres serai ρ value = 0,001.Penggunaan kompres jahe merah lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan kompres serai terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri arthritis remathoid. Kata Kunci: usia lanjut, Reumatoid Artritis (RA), jahe merah, serai, perbedaan efektifitas.    ABSTRACTReumatoid Artritis (RA) is a musculoskeletal which frequently occurs in the elderly. The disorders in the musculoskeletal system are noted by the occurrence of pain in the joints and stiffness which reduces the physiological abilities or life quality of the elderly. The disease causes many such complaints and  consequences of the disease rheumatoid arthritis may experience paralysis. The aims of this study is to analyze the effect of warm red ginger compress therapy and warm lemongrass compress therapy against of  Decreased pain intensity in  the elderly  with  artitris remauthoid. The study was Queasy experimental with two group pre – post test design. Subjects were some elderly people with Arthritis Remathoid in Sumberagung Village, Dander Sub District, Bojonegoro District. Subjects were divided into two groups: group I (n-15) with warm ginger compress therapy, and II (n=15) with warm lemongrass compress therapy. The analyses used in this study were the Mann Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test with α of 0.05. Results of Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test obtained Both have meaning p value of  0.000. ρ value = 0,031 in a warm lemongrass compress therapy group and obtained of warm ginger compress therapy group ρ value = 0,165. The results of Mann Withney U Test on Post treatment second therapy, obtained difference of warm ginger compress therapy with ρ value= 0,003 and difference of warm lemongrass compress therapy with ρ value = 0,001.The use of warm ginger compresses therapy are more effective than a warm lemongrass compress therapy against decreased pain intensity in  the elderly  with  artitris remauthoid.  Keywords: elderly, artitris remauthoid, red ginger, lemongrass, differences in effectiveness

The Degree of Subjective Complaints of Students Practice in Mechanical Technology Laboratories

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
I Ketut Widana
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Paired T Test

The working practice of the engineering students is part of the learning process that is irreducible and indispensable. The composition of  lecturing between theoretical and practical one is 40% to 60%. With this condition, the students spend more time at the laboratory. Generally, the students perform in the laboratory work by standing position. The design of research is observational cross-sectional. The method applied is observation, interview and measuring. The subjects of research are practicing students amounting to 21 students. Referring to the analysis of statistical test or Wilcoxon signed ranks test, the difference of effect of work position is significant, namely p < 0.05 towards musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) before and after working. The quantity of the average complaint after working is score 44.62 ± 9.47. The result of Wilcoxon signed rank test shows that there is significant different effects of standing work position, namely p < 0.05 towards fatigue generally before and after working. The degree of the working pulse is on the average of 110.78  ± 17.80 bpm (beats per minutes) which can be categorized into the medium workload. Using paired t-test, the result is p < 0.05.

PENGARUH PEMBACAAN DZIKIR PADA IBU MELAHIRKAN TERHADAP TINGKAT NYERI INTRA NATAL DI RUMAH BERSALIN FAJAR YOGYAKARTA

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Sumaryani ◽  
Indri Nurasa
Keyword(s):  
Home Delivery ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

PENGARUH PEMBACAAN DZIKIR PADA IBU MELAHIRKAN TERHADAP TINGKAT NYERI INTRA NATAL DI RUMAH BERSALIN FAJAR YOGYAKARTAEffect of Reading Dhikr Women On The Level Of Birth Pain Intra Christmas At Home Delivery Dawn YogyakartaSri Sumaryani1 & Indri Nurasa21, 2)Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah YogyakartaJl. Lingkar Barat Taman Tirto Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta 55182*)e-mail: [email protected] atau yang biasa disebut dengan proses persalinan merupakan suatu proses membuka dan menipisnya serviks, dan janin turun ke dalam jalan lahir. Gejala awal persalinan akan menimbulkan nyeri yang sangat hebat karena adanya kontraksi uterus dan otot abdomen. Nyeri intra natal adalah suatu nyeri yang dirasakan saat terjadinya proses persalinan (melahirkan). Saat nyeri persalinan muncul, ada baiknya bagi ibu untuk membaca dzikir. Dzikir adalah mengingat Allah SWT dan menghadirkan apa yang tadinya ada di dalam benak untuk kemudian dilafadzkan atau disebut-sebut yang dapat dilakukan secara lisan dengan menggunakan lidah atau bisa juga diucapkan tanpa adanya keterlibatan lidah, yaitu melalui hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembacaan dzikir pada ibu melahirkan terhadap tingkat nyeri intra natal. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Desain penelitian pra eksperimen, dengan rancangan pre test-post test tanpa kelompok kontrol. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 30 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi langsung kepada responden untuk mengukur tingkat nyeri. Analisa data menggunakan uji statistik wilcoxon signed rank test dan regresi linier dengan menggunakan SPSS 14. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil uji statistik untuk nilai pre test dan post test tingkat nyeri diperoleh nilai signifikansi 0,02 dengan p < 0,05.Kata kunci: pembacaan dzikir, melahirkan, nyeri intra natal, tingkat nyeriABSTRACTThe delivery or usually called labor process is a process open and thin the cervix, and descent of the fetus into the way of birth. The early symptom of delivery will be appearing very heavy because there are uterus contraction and abdomen muscle. In partum pain is a pain which feel when delivery process happening (labor). When labor pain appears, there is a good for the mother to read dzikir. Dzikir is remembering Allah SWT and make present what before in the mind and then pronounced or make cal can do spoken by tongue or pronounced without there are involving tongue, by heart. The purpose of this research is to know about the influence of reading dzikir to the delivery mother toward in partum level of pain. Technique sampling used purpose sampling. The research of design pre experiment, with pre test-post test without control group design. The sample in this research’s total is 30 respondents. The manner of data was did by direct observation to the respondents to measure pain level. Data analysis used statistic test wilcoxon signed rank test and regression linier in SPSS 14. The results of research showed that results of the statistic pretest and posttest of pain level show significance value 0,02 with p < 0,05.Keywords: reading dzikir, delivery, in partum pain, pain level

scholarly journals Evaluation of Intraocular Pressure and Other Biomechanical Parameters to Distinguish between Subclinical Keratoconus and Healthy Corneas

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1905
Author(s):  
Cristina Peris-Martínez ◽  
María Amparo Díez-Ajenjo ◽  
María Carmen García-Domene ◽  
María Dolores Pinazo-Durán ◽  
María José Luque-Cobija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Function Theory ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Biomechanical Measurements ◽  
Noncontact Tonometry

(1) Purpose: To assess the main corneal response differences between normal and subclinical keratoconus (SCKC) with a Corvis® ST device. (2) Material and Methods: We selected 183 eyes of normal patients, of a mean age of 33 ± 9 years and 16 eyes of patients with SCKC of a similar mean age. We measured best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and corneal topography with a Pentacam HD device to select the SCKC group. Biomechanical measurements were performed using the Corvis® ST device. We carried out a non-parametric analysis of the data with SPSS software (Wilcoxon signed rank-test). (3) Results: We found statistically significant differences between the control and SCKC groups in some corneal biomechanical parameters: first and second applanation time (p = 0.05 and p = 0.02), maximum deformation amplitude (p = 0.016), highest concavity radius (p = 0.007), and second applanation length and corneal velocity ((p = 0.039 and p = 0.016). (4) Conclusions: Our results show that the use of normalised biomechanical parameters provided by noncontact tonometry, combined with a discriminant function theory, is a useful tool for detecting subclinical keratoconus.

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