Performance of a convolutional neural network algorithm for tooth detection and numbering on periapical radiographs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cansu Görürgöz ◽  
Kaan Orhan ◽  
Ibrahim Sevki Bayrakdar ◽  
Özer Çelik ◽  
Elif Bilgir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
True Positive Rate ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Region Detection ◽  
Positive Rate

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of a Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) algorithm for tooth detection and numbering on periapical images. Methods: The data sets of 1686 randomly selected periapical radiographs of patients were collected retrospectively. A pre-trained model (GoogLeNet Inception v3 CNN) was employed for pre-processing, and transfer learning techniques were applied for data set training. The algorithm consisted of: (1) the Jaw classification model, (2) Region detection models, and (3) the Final algorithm using all models. Finally, an analysis of the latest model has been integrated alongside the others. The sensitivity, precision, true-positive rate, and false-positive/negative rate were computed to analyze the performance of the algorithm using a confusion matrix. Results: An artificial intelligence algorithm (CranioCatch, Eskisehir-Turkey) was designed based on R-CNN inception architecture to automatically detect and number the teeth on periapical images. Of 864 teeth in 156 periapical radiographs, 668 were correctly numbered in the test data set. The F1 score, precision, and sensitivity were 0.8720, 0.7812, and 0.9867, respectively. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the potential accuracy and efficiency of the CNN algorithm for detecting and numbering teeth. The deep learning-based methods can help clinicians reduce workloads, improve dental records, and reduce turnaround time for urgent cases. This architecture might also contribute to forensic science.

scholarly journals Research on Real-Time Multiple Single Garbage Classification Based on Convolutional Neural Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jian-ye Yuan ◽  
Xin-yuan Nan ◽  
Cheng-rong Li ◽  
Le-le Sun
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Classification Tasks ◽  
Accuracy Rates

Considering that the garbage classification is urgent, a 23-layer convolutional neural network (CNN) model is designed in this paper, with the emphasis on the real-time garbage classification, to solve the low accuracy of garbage classification and recycling and difficulty in manual recycling. Firstly, the depthwise separable convolution was used to reduce the Params of the model. Then, the attention mechanism was used to improve the accuracy of the garbage classification model. Finally, the model fine-tuning method was used to further improve the performance of the garbage classification model. Besides, we compared the model with classic image classification models including AlexNet, VGG16, and ResNet18 and lightweight classification models including MobileNetV2 and SuffleNetV2 and found that the model GAF_dense has a higher accuracy rate, fewer Params, and FLOPs. To further check the performance of the model, we tested the CIFAR-10 data set and found the accuracy rates of the model (GAF_dense) are 0.018 and 0.03 higher than ResNet18 and SufflenetV2, respectively. In the ImageNet data set, the accuracy rates of the model (GAF_dense) are 0.225 and 0.146 higher than Resnet18 and SufflenetV2, respectively. Therefore, the garbage classification model proposed in this paper is suitable for garbage classification and other classification tasks to protect the ecological environment, which can be applied to classification tasks such as environmental science, children’s education, and environmental protection.

scholarly journals Core looseness fault identification model based on Mel spectrogram-CNN

2021 ◽  
Vol 2137 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
Ping He ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Shoulong Chen ◽  
Hoghua Xu ◽  
Lei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Convolution Neural Network ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Recognition Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Fault Recognition ◽  
Transformer Core ◽  
Identification Model

Abstract In order to realize transformer voiceprint recognition, a transformer voiceprint recognition model based on Mel spectrum convolution neural network is proposed. Firstly, the transformer core looseness fault is simulated by setting different preloads, and the sound signals under different preloads are collected; Secondly, the sound signal is converted into a spectrogram that can be trained by convolutional neural network, and then the dimension is reduced by Mel filter bank to draw Mel spectrogram, which can generate spectrogram data sets under different preloads in batch; Finally, the data set is introduced into convolutional neural network for training, and the transformer voiceprint fault recognition model is obtained. The results show that the training accuracy of the proposed Mel spectrum convolution neural network transformer identification model is 99.91%, which can well identify the core loosening faults.

Detection of Epileptic Seizure Using Pretrained Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Transfer Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-614
Author(s):  
Hidir Selcuk Nogay ◽  
Hojjat Adeli
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Data Set

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The diagnosis of epilepsy takes a certain process, depending entirely on the attending physician. However, the human factor may cause erroneous diagnosis in the analysis of the EEG signal. In the past 2 decades, many advanced signal processing and machine learning methods have been developed for the detection of epileptic seizures. However, many of these methods require large data sets and complex operations. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this study, an end-to-end machine learning model is presented for detection of epileptic seizure using the pretrained deep two-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) and the concept of transfer learning. The EEG signal is converted directly into visual data with a spectrogram and used directly as input data. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The authors analyzed the results of the training of the proposed pretrained AlexNet CNN model. Both binary and ternary classifications were performed without any extra procedure such as feature extraction. By performing data set creation from short-term spectrogram graphic images, the authors were able to achieve 100% accuracy for binary classification for epileptic seizure detection and 100% for ternary classification. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> The proposed automatic identification and classification model can help in the early diagnosis of epilepsy, thus providing the opportunity for effective early treatment.

scholarly journals Skin Cancer Detection using CNN Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sequential Model ◽  
Pigmented Lesions ◽  
Testing Data

The project “Disease Prediction Model” focuses on predicting the type of skin cancer. It deals with constructing a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) sequential model in order to find the type of a skin cancer which takes a huge troll on mankind well-being. Since development of programmed methods increases the accuracy at high scale for identifying the type of skin cancer, we use Convolutional Neural Network, CNN algorithm in order to build our model . For this we make use of a sequential model. The data set that we have considered for this project is collected from NCBI, which is well known as HAM10000 dataset, it consists of massive amounts of information regarding several dermatoscopic images of most trivial pigmented lesions of skin which are collected from different sufferers. Once the dataset is collected, cleaned, it is split into training and testing data sets. We used CNN to build our model and using the training data we trained the model , later using the testing data we tested the model. Once the model is implemented over the testing data, plots are made in order to analyze the relation between the echos and loss function. It is also used to analyse accuracy and echos for both training and testing data.

scholarly journals A Learning-based Neural Network Model for the Detection and Classification of SQL Injection Attacks

2020 ◽  
pp. 450-475
Author(s):  
Naghmeh Moradpoor Sheykhkanloo
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Query Language ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
True Positive Rate ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Injection Attacks ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Positive Rate

Structured Query Language injection (SQLi) attack is a code injection technique where hackers inject SQL commands into a database via a vulnerable web application. Injected SQL commands can modify the back-end SQL database and thus compromise the security of a web application. In the previous publications, the author has proposed a Neural Network (NN)-based model for detections and classifications of the SQLi attacks. The proposed model was built from three elements: 1) a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) generator, 2) a URL classifier, and 3) a NN model. The proposed model was successful to: 1) detect each generated URL as either a benign URL or a malicious, and 2) identify the type of SQLi attack for each malicious URL. The published results proved the effectiveness of the proposal. In this paper, the author re-evaluates the performance of the proposal through two scenarios using controversial data sets. The results of the experiments are presented in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of accuracy, true-positive rate as well as false-positive rate.

scholarly journals Application of a convolutional neural network for seismic phase picking of mining-induced seismicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-240
Author(s):  
Sean W Johnson ◽  
Derrick J A Chambers ◽  
Michael S Boltz ◽  
Keith D Koper
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Southern California ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mining Induced Seismicity

SUMMARY Monitoring mining-induced seismicity (MIS) can help engineers understand the rock mass response to resource extraction. With a thorough understanding of ongoing geomechanical processes, engineers can operate mines, especially those mines with the propensity for rockbursting, more safely and efficiently. Unfortunately, processing MIS data usually requires significant effort from human analysts, which can result in substantial costs and time commitments. The problem is exacerbated for operations that produce copious amounts of MIS, such as mines with high-stress and/or extraction ratios. Recently, deep learning methods have shown the ability to significantly improve the quality of automated arrival-time picking on earthquake data recorded by regional seismic networks. However, relatively little has been published on applying these techniques to MIS. In this study, we compare the performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN) originally trained to pick arrival times on the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) to that of human analysts on coal-mine-related MIS. We perform comparisons on several coal-related MIS data sets recorded at various network scales, sampling rates and mines. We find that the Southern-California-trained CNN does not perform well on any of our data sets without retraining. However, applying the concept of transfer learning, we retrain the SCSN model with relatively little MIS data after which the CNN performs nearly as well as a human analyst. When retrained with data from a single analyst, the analyst-CNN pick time residual variance is lower than the variance observed between human analysts. We also compare the retrained CNN to a simpler, optimized picking algorithm, which falls short of the CNN's performance. We conclude that CNNs can achieve a significant improvement in automated phase picking although some data set-specific training will usually be required. Moreover, initializing training with weights found from other, even very different, data sets can greatly reduce the amount of training data required to achieve a given performance threshold.

scholarly journals Prediction of Protein–Protein Interaction Sites Using Convolutional Neural Network and Improved Data Sets

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengyan Xie ◽  
Xiaoya Deng ◽  
Kunxian Shu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Sites ◽  
Remarkable Result

Protein–protein interaction (PPI) sites play a key role in the formation of protein complexes, which is the basis of a variety of biological processes. Experimental methods to solve PPI sites are expensive and time-consuming, which has led to the development of different kinds of prediction algorithms. We propose a convolutional neural network for PPI site prediction and use residue binding propensity to improve the positive samples. Our method obtains a remarkable result of the area under the curve (AUC) = 0.912 on the improved data set. In addition, it yields much better results on samples with high binding propensity than on randomly selected samples. This suggests that there are considerable false-positive PPI sites in the positive samples defined by the distance between residue atoms.

scholarly journals Multi-attribute self-attention guided vehicle local region detection based on convolutional neural network architecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 172988142094434
Author(s):  
Jingbo Chen ◽  
Shengyong Chen ◽  
Linjie Bian
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Local Region ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Region Detection ◽  
Bounding Boxes

Many pieces of information are included in the front region of a vehicle, especially in windshield and bumper regions. Thus, windshield or bumper region detection is making sense to extract useful information. But the existing windshield and bumper detection methods based on traditional artificial features are not robust enough. Those features may become invalid in many real situations (e.g. occlude, illumination change, viewpoint change.). In this article, we propose a multi-attribute-guided vehicle discriminately region detection method based on convolutional neural network and not rely on bounding box regression. We separate the net into two branches, respectively, for identification (ID) and Model attributes training. Therefore, the feature spaces of different attributes become more independent. Additionally, we embed a self-attention block into our framework to improve the performance of local region detection. We train our model on PKU_VD data set which has a huge number of images inside. Furthermore, we labeled the handcrafted bounding boxes on 5000 randomly picked testing images, and 1020 of them are used for evaluation and 3980 as the training data for YOLOv3. We use Intersection over Union for quantitative evaluation. Experiments were conducted in three different latest convolutional neural network trunks to illustrate the detection performance of the proposed method. Simultaneously, in terms of quantitative evaluation, the performance of our method is close to YOLOv3 even without handcrafted bounding boxes.

scholarly journals Pavement Crack Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network

10.29007/h4k6 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Sheta ◽  
Hamza Turabieh ◽  
Sultan Aljahdali ◽  
Abdulaziz Alangari
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
New York ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Division ◽  
The Usa

Automating the process of detecting pavement cracks became a challenge mission. In the last few decades, many methods were proposed to solve this problem. The reason is that maintaining a stable condition of roads is essential for the safety of people and public properties. It was reported that maintaining one mile of roads in New York City in the USA might cost from four to ten thousand dollars. In this paper, we explore our initial idea of developing a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN or ConvNet) model that can be used to detect pavement cracks. The proposed CNN was trained using the AigleRN data set, which contains 400 images of road cracks of 480×320 resolution. The proposed lightweight CNN architecture performed a better fitting to the image data set due to the reduction in the number of parameters. The proposed CNN was capable of detecting cracks with a various number of sample images. We simulated the CNN architecture over different sizes of training/testing (i.e., 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30) data sets for 11 runs. The obtained results show that 90/10 data division for training and testing is outperformed other categories with an average accuracy of 97.27%.

scholarly journals Epilepsy Detection by Using Scalogram Based Convolutional Neural Network from EEG Signals

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ömer Türk ◽  
Mehmet Siraç Özerdem
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Learning Networks ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Conventional Methods

The studies implemented with Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are progressing very rapidly and brain computer interfaces (BCI) and disease determinations are carried out at certain success rates thanks to new methods developed in this field. The effective use of these signals, especially in disease detection, is very important in terms of both time and cost. Currently, in general, EEG studies are used in addition to conventional methods as well as deep learning networks that have recently achieved great success. The most important reason for this is that in conventional methods, increasing classification accuracy is based on too many human efforts as EEG is being processed, obtaining the features is the most important step. This stage is based on both the time-consuming and the investigation of many feature methods. Therefore, there is a need for methods that do not require human effort in this area and can learn the features themselves. Based on that, two-dimensional (2D) frequency-time scalograms were obtained in this study by applying Continuous Wavelet Transform to EEG records containing five different classes. Convolutional Neural Network structure was used to learn the properties of these scalogram images and the classification performance of the structure was compared with the studies in the literature. In order to compare the performance of the proposed method, the data set of the University of Bonn was used. The data set consists of five EEG records containing healthy and epilepsy disease which are labeled as A, B, C, D, and E. In the study, A-E and B-E data sets were classified as 99.50%, A-D and B-D data sets were classified as 100% in binary classifications, A-D-E data sets were 99.00% in triple classification, A-C-D-E data sets were 90.50%, B-C-D-E data sets were 91.50% in quaternary classification, and A-B-C-D-E data sets were in the fifth class classification with an accuracy of 93.60%.

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