scholarly journals The vascular flora ecological diversity in the mid-field woodlots situated on the agricultural outskirts of Wrocław

Steciana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Ewa Fudali ◽  
Magda Podlaska ◽  
Anna Koszelnik-Leszek
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Ecological Relations ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Meadow Species ◽  
Hydrographic Network

The paper presents an analysis of the ecological requirements and sociological-ecological relations of 403 species of vascular plants recorded in 82 mid-field woodlots located among crop fields in the agricultural outskirts of Wrocław. The aim of the research and analyses was to determine what is the species composition of these woodlots and whether they are ecologically more similar to those situated in environment of farmlands or urban wastelands. The authors assumed the latter. It was found that the mid-­ -field woodlots occupied less than 1% of arable land and were located exclusively in close proximity to the city’s administrative borders, and more than half of them were related to the hydrographic network of the area. Their flora, in general assessment, shows a great variety in terms of water requirements and has the features of woodlots described from typically agricultural areas. This applies to the dominance of forest, shrub and meadow species with a constant, usually not exceeding 20%, share of ruderal plants and a small number of weeds in crops. Thus, the assumption that the flora of the studied woodlots will show signs of ruderalization to a large extent has not been confirmed. 72% of species occurred in no more than 10 objects, which shows that the described ecological diversity of the flora studied is based on single or few locations. The most frequent species were nitrophilic and in over 50% they represented a group of shrub communities. The list of the species recorded with estimation of their frequency is provided.

scholarly journals De Novo Sporophyte Transcriptome Assembly and Functional Annotation in the Endangered Fern Species Vandenboschia speciosa (Willd.) G. Kunkel

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Rubén Martín-Blázquez ◽  
Mercedes Ruiz-Estévez ◽  
Manuel A. Garrido-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Functional Annotation ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Go Terms

We sequenced the sporophyte transcriptome of Killarney fern (Vandenboschia speciosa (Willd.) G. Kunkel). In addition to being a rare endangered Macaronesian-European endemism, this species has a huge genome (10.52 Gb) as well as particular biological features and extreme ecological requirements. These characteristics, together with the systematic position of ferns among vascular plants, make it of high interest for evolutionary, conservation and functional genomics studies. The transcriptome was constructed de novo and contained 36,430 transcripts, of which 17,706 had valid BLAST hits. A total of 19,539 transcripts showed at least one of the 7362 GO terms assigned to the transcriptome, whereas 6547 transcripts showed at least one of the 1359 KEGG assigned terms. A prospective analysis of functional annotation results provided relevant insights on genes involved in important functions such as growth and development as well as physiological adaptations. In this context, a catalogue of genes involved in the genetic control of plant development, during the vegetative to reproductive transition, in stress response as well as genes coding for transcription factors is given. Altogether, this study provides a first step towards understanding the gene expression of a significant fern species and the in silico functional and comparative analyses reported here provide important data and insights for further comparative evolutionary studies in ferns and land plants in general.

scholarly journals INCA Modelling of the Lee System: strategies for the reduction of nitrogen loads

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Flynn ◽  
T. Paddison ◽  
P. G. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Nitrogen Loads ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
River Thames ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Abstract. The Integrated Nitrogen Catchment model (INCA) was applied successfully to simulate nitrogen concentrations in the River Lee, a northern tributary of the River Thames for 1995-1999. Leaching from urban and agricultural areas was found to control nitrogen dynamics in reaches unaffected by effluent discharges and abstractions; the occurrence of minimal flows resulted in an upward trend in nitrate concentration. Sewage treatment works (STW) discharging into the River Lee raised nitrate concentrations substantially, a problem which was compounded by abstractions in the Lower Lee. The average concentration of nitrate (NO3) for the simulation period 1995-96 was 7.87 mg N l-1. Ammonium (NH4) concentrations were simulated less successfully. However, concentrations of ammonium rarely rose to levels which would be of environmental concern. Scenarios were run through INCA to assess strategies for the reduction of nitrate concentrations in the catchment. The conversion of arable land to ungrazed vegetation or to woodland would reduce nitrate concentrations substantially, whilst inclusion of riparian buffer strips would be unsuccessful in reducing nitrate loading. A 50% reduction in nitrate loading from Luton STW would result in a fall of up to 5 mg N l-1 in the reach directly affected (concentrations fell from maxima of 13 to 8 mg N l-1 , nearly a 40 % reduction), whilst a 20% reduction in abstractions would reduce maximum peaks in concentration in the lower Lee by up to 4 mg l-1 (from 17 to 13 mg N l-1, nearly a 25 % reduction),. Keywords: modelling, water quality, nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, INCA, River Lee, River Thames, land-use.

scholarly journals GLOBALIZING DESERTIFICATION AND DROUGHT PROBLEM: THE VULNERABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (50) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
International System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Food Vulnerability

This study focuses globally on the effects of desertification and drought on agricultural lands. Desertification, which shows more its effects from region to region all over the world and particularly on certain continents, contains factors that will disturb the human future. One of these negative factors is the risk of creating food vulnerability by directly damaging agricultural areas. The risk of desertification reducing the quality of human life and threatening other living plants and habitats is a very important issue that should be highlighted by the international system. In this context, the study draws attention to the negative impact of global desertification, as well as the reduction of agricultural and arable land and the risks of declining crop yields. Among other problems caused by desertification, the study emphasizes socio-economic instability due to migration and climate-related conflicts, world hunger and lack of grain and food. In the study, the literature on global desertification, drought and arable agricultural land was searched and selected source information from the literature is included in the study. In addition, the study was supported by maps, graphs, and tables, as well as desertification researches and analyzes. Due to the limitation of the pages, other factors, such as global warming triggering desertification, have not been addressed, and environmental issues, which are directly damaged by desertification other than arable agricultural areas, are excluded from the field of this study. Keywords: Desertification, drought, arable agriculture, food insecurity, hunger, vulnerability

scholarly journals Hydraulic Shortcuts Increase the Connectivity of Arable Land Areas to Surface Waters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs Schönenberger ◽  
Christian Stamm
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
National Level ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Pesticide Transport ◽  
Storm Drainage ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Abstract. Surface runoff represents a major pathway for pesticide transport from agricultural areas to surface waters. The influence of man-made structures (e.g. roads, hedges, ditches) on surface runoff connectivity has been shown in various studies. In Switzerland, so-called hydraulic shortcuts (e.g. inlets and maintenance manholes of road or field storm drainage systems) have been shown to influence surface runoff connectivity and related pesticide transport. Their occurrence, and their influence on surface runoff and pesticide connectivity have however not been studied systematically. To address that deficit, we randomly selected 20 study areas (average size = 3.5 km2) throughout the Swiss plateau, representing arable cropping systems. We assessed shortcut occurrence in these study areas using three mapping methods: field mapping, drainage plans, and high-resolution aerial images. Surface runoff connectivity in the study areas was analysed using a 2 × 2 m digital elevation model and a multiple-flow algorithm. Parameter uncertainty affecting this analysis was addressed by a Monte Carlo simulation. With our approach, agricultural areas were divided into areas that are either directly connected to surface waters, indirectly (i.e. via hydraulic shortcuts), or not connected at all. Finally, the results of this connectivity analysis were scaled up to the national level using a regression model based on topographic descriptors. Inlets of the road storm drainage system were identified as the main shortcuts. On average, we found 0.84 inlets and a total of 2.0 manholes per hectare of agricultural land. In the study catchments between 43 and 74 % of the agricultural area is connected to surface waters via hydraulic shortcuts. On the national level, this fraction is similar (54 %). These numbers suggest that transport through hydraulic shortcuts is an important pesticide flow path in a landscape where many engineered structures exist to drain excess water from fields and roads. However, this transport process is currently not considered in Swiss pesticide legislation and authorisation. Therefore, current regulations may fall short to address the full extent of the pesticide problem. Overall, the findings highlight the relevance of better understanding the connectivity between fields and receiving waters and the underlying factors and physical structures in the landscape.

scholarly journals Use of Disposed Agricultural Lands in LLC “Alliance-Agro” in the Sengileevsky District of the Ulyanovsk Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00153
Author(s):  
Olga Tsapovskaya ◽  
Elena Provalova ◽  
Yuri Ermoshkin ◽  
Nikolay Khvostov ◽  
Oksana Khamzina
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Unused Land ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The paper studies the issue of the use of disposed agricultural land through the example of LLC “Alliance-agro in Sengileevsky district of the Ulyanovsk region. The authors consider the grounds for cultural and technical work and provide the results of a survey of unused arable land on the farm. A technology for the development of disposed agricultural land is proposed. Everyone knows that agricultural land is of particular importance as a means of agricultural production and is the second largest category of land in the unified land fund of the Russian Federation in terms of area, which includes the best and fertile lands making up the heritage of the country. Despite the fact that the schemes for the use of agricultural land are developed, many questions of a theoretical, methodological and applied nature need to be improved, since this is associated with incessant changes in the legal and organizational systems of land use. As a result of irrational use of land, degradation, littering, overgrowing with trees and shrubs of agricultural areas occurs. These processes lead to the fact that fertile lands are withdrawn from circulation. Our research is aimed to solve the problems in the field of the improvement of the cadastral registration of lands, the process of the organization of rational land use, as well as the most effective use of unused lands overgrown with trees and shrubs. The solution to this problem will help the rational transformation of the agricultural land use system and increase in their efficiency. Moreover it will help to solve the problem of the involvement of unused land in agricultural production and increase the efficiency of cadastral registration of agricultural land. As a result of the land clearing proposed by the authors, the sites of this object will be put into agricultural circulation, where any zoned agricultural crop can be grown from the first year of development in case of a favorable water-air regime in the root layer and complex agrochemical cultivation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of soil salinity level through using Landsat-8 OLI in Central Fergana valley, Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
Ilhomjon Aslanov ◽  
Shovkat Kholdorov ◽  
Shodiqul Ochilov ◽  
Azamat Jumanov ◽  
Zafarjon Jabbarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Soil salinity is a major concern in the Uzbekistan. Fergana valleys agricultural lands, it negatively affects plant growth, crop yields, whereas in central part of the valley is semi-desert and desert affects agricultural areas due to subsidence, corrosion and ground water quality, leading to further soil erosion and land degradation. Traditional soil salinity assessments have been doing by collecting of soil samples and laboratory analyzing of collected samples for determining totally dissolved soils (TDS) and electro conductivity, but, Geo-informatic systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies provides more efficient, economic and rapid tools and techniques for soil salinity assessment and soil salinity mapping. Main goals of this research are to map soil salinity of Fergana valley, to show relation of its result with traditional analysing and analysing withGIS technology As a source of satellite images has been used Landsat-8 OLI. Research areas every arable land validity point of different locations were measured by Traditional soil salinity assessments by Soil composition and Repository, Quality analysis center was compared to our research conducted on satellite sensor and it can be said that the study have done correctly.

The Early Evolution of Land Plants

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 45-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Knoll ◽  
S. W. F. Grant ◽  
J. W. Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Earth History ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Terrestrial Life

Vascular plants are the most conspicuous organisms on Earth, accounting for some 97 % of our planet's standing biomass. The nearly 300,000 extant vascular plant species exhibit tremendous morphological and ecological diversity. Along with the 20,000 or more species of bryophytes, algae, lichens, and cyanobacteria that also live on land, they fuel a complex terrestrial ecosystem containing animals, fungi, protozoans, and bacteria. The richness of terrestrial life has evolved during the last 10 % of Earth history; there is no evidence for non-microbial land plants or animals in rocks older than the mid-Ordovician.

scholarly journals Historical Arable Land Change in an Eco-Fragile Area: A Case Study in Zhenlai County, Northeastern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Yang ◽  
Shuwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Land Change ◽  
Land Transformation ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Long-term land changes are cumulatively a major driver of global environmental change. Historical land-cover/use change is important for assessing present landscape conditions and researching ecological environment issues, especially in eco-fragile areas. Arable land is one of the land types influenced by human agricultural activity, reflecting human effects on land-use and land-cover change. This paper selected Zhenlai County, which is part of the farming–pastoral zone of northern China, as the research region. As agricultural land transformation goes with the establishment of settlements, in this research, the historical progress of land transformation in agricultural areas was analyzed from the perspective of settlement evolution, and the historical reconstruction of arable land was established using settlement as the proxy between their inner relationships, which could be reflected by the farming radius. The results show the following. (1) There was little land transformation from nonagricultural areas into agricultural areas until the Qing government lifted the ban on cultivation and mass migration accelerated the process, which was most significant during 1907–1912; (2) The overall trend of land transformation in this region is from northeast to southwest; (3) Taking the topographic maps as references, the spatial distribution of the reconstructed arable land accounts for 47.79% of the maps. When this proxy-based reconstruction method is applied to other regions, its limitations should be noticed. It is important to explore the research of farming radius calculations based on regional characteristics. To achieve land-system sustainability, long-term historical land change trajectories and characteristics should be applied to future policy making.

scholarly journals Zearalenone Contamination of the Aquatic Environment as a Result of its Presence in Crops / Pojava Mikotoksina U Vodenom Okolišu Zbog Njihove Prisutnosti U Usjevima

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Waśkiewicz ◽  
Karolina Gromadzka ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Paulina Pluta ◽  
Piotr Goliński
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Cereal Samples ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Control Water

AbstractThe aim of this study was to establish a relation between zearalenone contamination of crops in the Polish province of Wielkopolska and its occurrence in aquatic ecosystems close by the crop fields. Water samples were collected from water bodies such as drainage ditches, wells, or watercourses located in four agricultural areas. Moreover, control water samples were collected from the Bogdanka river, which was located outside the agricultural areas and near an urban area. Cereal samples were collected in the harvest season from each agricultural area close to tested water bodies. Zearalenone (ZEA) was found in all water and cereal samples. The highest concentrations were recorded in the postharvest season (September to October) and the lowest in the winter and spring. Mean ZEA concentrations in water ranged between 1.0 ng L-1 and 80.6 ng L-1, and in cereals from 3.72 ng g-1 to 28.97 ng g-1. Our results confirm that mycotoxins are transported to aquatic systems by rain water through soil.

scholarly journals Participation of various habitat groups in the flora of spring niches in the Ojców National Park (Southern Poland)

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Anna Sołtys-Lelek ◽  
Beata Barabasz-Krasny ◽  
Jacek Różkowski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
National Park ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Habitat Factors ◽  
Meadow Species ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract The paper presents composition of vascular plant species in spring niches in the Ojców National Park (Southern Poland). 111 species of vascular plants, fourteen mosses, two liverworts and one species of ferns were recorded during the first comprehensive study carried out in 2009 and 2010. Plants occurring in these places showed different degrees of association with spring niches. The largest group was represented by accidental krenophytes (74 species), while spring plants - obligatory krenophytes, constituted only a small part of the local flora (5 species). Meadow species of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class and forest species of the Querco-Fagetea class, penetrating niche areas from the adjacent areas, were the dominating ones. Plants of aquatic and spring communities were scarce, due to the predominance of small type karst springs. The diversity of vegetation was significantly influenced by habitat factors such as availability of light, humidity or the amount of organic matter in the soil.

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