scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahad Abualhamael ◽  
Hala Mosli ◽  
Mukhtiar Baig ◽  
Abdulelah M. Noor ◽  
Fahd M. Alshehri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
Working Status ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objectives: We aimed to find out the prevalence and associated risk factors of GDM among females who attended antenatal clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods: This retrospective study was carried out from 25th September 2016 till 20th December 2016, at the Endocrine Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, KAUH, Jeddah, SA. A total of 5000 women attended antenatal clinic and 637 women were referred to the endocrine clinic for GDM. The data of only 103 GDM was included in the study because only these patients’ complete data was available. The electronic record of 93 pregnant age and BMI matched females, not having GDM were selected as a control group. Results: The prevalence of GDM was 12.75% (637/5000). Parity was associated with GDM (X2=16.82, P=.001) and GDM was significantly higher in multigravida while no association of GDM was found with working status, place of living, hypertension, family history of DM and BMI. Logistic regression analysis revealed that grand multigravida female had the lower risk of GDM as compared to multi, primi and nulligravida while age, working status, place of living, hypertension, family history of DM and BMI were not found significant risk factors for GDM. In GDM group, according to nationality, 68(66%) women were Saudi while 35(34%) were expatriates’ (Yemeni 11.2%, Egyptians 3.9%, Indians 3.9%, Pakistanis 2.9%, Sudanese 2.9%, Syrians 2.9% and others). Conclusions: The prevalence of GDM was 12.75% and it was not associated with working status, place of living, hypertension, family history of diabetes and BMI. How to cite this:Abualhamael S, Mosli H, Baig M, Noor AM, Alshehri FM. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.498 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Screening of Hemoglobin A1c in Gestational Diabetes among women attending metabolic clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Uttar Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Vivek Sinha ◽  
Poonam Kachhawa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
P Value ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical condition that complicates pregnancies..Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a diabetic metabolic disorder that occurs in 4% of all pregnant women and 14% of ethnic groups with more prevalence of type II diabetes. It can be defined as increased or abnormal insulin resistance, decreased insulin sensitivity or glucose intolerance with first diagnosis during pregnancy. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic screening value of the HbA1c, prevalence of GDM and associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the metabolic clinic; in the department of Biochemistry located at SIMS, Hapur. A semi-structured pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. Following the DIPSI guidelines, patients with plasma glucose values >140 mg/dl were labeled as GDM. Statistical methods used were OR (CI95%), percentage, Chi square. Results: Out of 500, 6.72% had GDM. Among all GDM patients, 64.71% had age more than 30 years, 70.59% had BMI more than 25, 41.18% had gravida more than 3 and p- value was significant with regard to age and BMI. P value was found to be significant for risk factors namely positive family history of Diabetes Mellitus, history of big baby and presence of more than one risk factor. Conclusion: GDM is associated with high BMI, early pregnancy loss, family history of DM and previous history of big baby and there could be more than one risk factor. Thus universal screening followed by close monitoring of the pregnant women for early detection of GDM may help improving maternal and fetal outcomes.

Study the Effect of Maternal Factors on Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Effect of Treatment Types on Serum Blood Glucose

2021 ◽  
pp. 5264-5269
Author(s):  
Shaymaa Hasan Abbas ◽  
Sura Abbas Khdair
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical problems occurred during pregnancy. GDM increase the chance for developing type 2 diabetes meletus by seven times. The overall prevalence of GDM in pregnancy is 1-14% according to the American Diabetes Association. Material and Methods: a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The information was collected from pregnant women with gestational DM to assess some maternal risk factors and compare blood glucose level according to different treatment types for GDM. Results: The present study reported that (40.38%) of GDM patients have advanced age (≥35 yrs.). First pregnancy was a risk factors for GDM and it was reported by (9.62%). History of HT and GDM during prior pregnancies were reported by (11.54%) and (% 34.62) respectively. Hypertension or preeclampsia in the current pregnancy was reported by (3.85%). Positive family history of diabetes was associated with (26.92%) GDM patients. All Patients of the present study reported no previous PCOS and smoking history. Also in this study, 44 patients out of 52 GDM patients use medications to control the glucose intolerance, while other patients control it by diet. There were no statistical differences found between treatment groups in term of blood glucose control. Conclusion: Age, history of GDM in the previous pregnancies and family history of diabetes mellitus were identifiable as a risk factors for GDM and their effect were significant in this study while the effect of other risk factors were non-significant. No statistical differences found between treatment groups in term of blood glucose level control and no group achieved the glycemic target.

scholarly journals Thyroid Dysfunction and Associated Risk Factors among Nepalese Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Khatiwada ◽  
Rajendra KC ◽  
Santosh Kumar Sah ◽  
Seraj Ahmed Khan ◽  
Rajendra Kumar Chaudhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Family History ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objectives. To assess thyroid function and associated risk factors in Nepalese diabetes mellitus patients.Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 419 diabetes mellitus patients at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. Information on demographic and anthropometric variables and risk factors for thyroid dysfunction was collected. Blood samples were analysed to measure thyroid hormones, blood sugar, and lipid profile.Results. Prevalence rate of thyroid dysfunction was 36.03%, with subclinical hypothyroidism (26.5%) as the most common thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunction was much common in females (42.85%) compared to males (30.04%)p=0.008and in type 1 diabetes (50%) compared to type 2 diabetes mellitus (35.41%)p=0.218. Diabetic patients with thyroid dysfunction had higher total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol in comparison to patients without thyroid dysfunction. Significant risk factors for thyroid dysfunction, specifically hypothyroidism (overt and subclinical), were smoking (relative risk of 2.56 with 95% CI (1.99–3.29,p<0.001)), family history of thyroid disease (relative risk of 2.57 with 95% CI (2.0–3.31,p<0.001)), and female gender (relative risk of 1.44 with 95% CI (1.09–1.91,p=0.01)).Conclusions. Thyroid dysfunction is common among Nepalese diabetic patients. Smoking, family history of thyroid disease, and female gender are significantly associated with thyroid dysfunction.

scholarly journals To study the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and risk factors associated with GDM

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxima Anand ◽  
Manan Anand ◽  
Devinder Singh Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
History Of

Background: Diabetes is estimated to complicate 2-5% of all pregnancies of which 90% of those are detected during pregnancy i.e. gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the rest are overt or pregestational i.e. either Type 1 or Type 2. According to ADA, approximately 7% of all pregnancies are complicated by GDM resulting in more than 2,00,000 cases annually. The aim was to study the incidence of GDM among pregnant women between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation, to evaluate and compare the occurrence of risk factors e.g.; family history of diabetes, prematurity, history of foetal loss and congenital anomaly associated with diabetes in pregnancy.Methods: 50gm of glucose, glucose challenge test (GCT) was given to women coming for antenatal check-up between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation irrespective of presence or absence of risk factors for GDM.1 hour glucose levels were checked. Patients with glucose levels more than 130mg/dl were subjected to 100gm of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to Carpenter and Coustan modification of the National Diabetes Data. Data was compiled and statistically analysed.Results: In this study it was observed that 20 (women had raised GCT, 11 (5.3%) women developed GDM out of 206 women. All GDM patients have one or more risk factors. Age >25 years (63.6%) fetal loss (36.3%), BMI (33.3%) are common risk factors followed by family history of diabetes (27.3%).Conclusions: Family history of diabetes and past history of congenital anomalies are statistically significant in GDM group as compared to non GDM.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors amongst antenatal women attending urban health centre of Rajkot City, Gujarat

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3033
Author(s):  
Nirav K. Nimavat ◽  
Roma S. Dadwani ◽  
Girija P. Kartha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
History Of

Background: Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) vary widely depending on the region of the country, dietary habits, and socio-economic status. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of GDM and risk factors associated with it, in women attending an antenatal care (ANC) clinic at urban health training center in Rajkot city, Gujarat.Methods: This study enrolled women, with estimated gestational age between 24 and 28 week, attending UHC in Rajkot. After informing, women who consented to participate were given a standardized 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A proforma containing general information on demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, education level, parity, family history of diabetes and/or hypertension was filled up. Diabetes in pregnancy study group India (DIPSI) criteria for 75 g 2-h OGTT was used for diagnosing GDM.Results: Total of 366 women participated in the study and GDM was diagnosed in 36 (9.8%) women. Age, parity, BMI, family history of DM and hypertension were accessed and found to be not significant. History of hypertension in previous pregnancy was statistically significant with occurrence of GDM in present pregnancy.Conclusions: The prevalence of GDM was found to be 9.8 per cent in a UHC, Rajkot. Appropriate interventions are required for control of GDM and modifications of risk factors. 

scholarly journals Obstetrical outcome in gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Anitha Aldur Manjappa ◽  
Maya Menon ◽  
Aruna Bholenath Patil
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Obstetrical Outcome

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Majority of the maternal complications associated with GDM have been decreasing nowadays, however the relative risk of development of perinatal complications remain higher in women with hyper glycaemia.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted among 286 delivered pregnant women. The pregnant women were diagnosed as GDM by DIPSI diagnostic criterion. The study was performed to find the association of various risk factors with GDM occurrence and to assess the obstetrical outcome in the GDM and normoglycaemic women.Results: Out of the 286 women, the proportion of women affected with GDM was 20.6%. The onset of GDM was more common among women between 25-30year (62.7%). GDM onset is increased when they had previous history of GDM and family history of diabetes.  The obstetric complications were less common among GDM women (23.72%). GDM women had increased rate of caesarean delivery (69.5%) and induction of labour (42.4%). The neonatal complications were more common among GDM neonates (57.62%). The proportion of occurrence of congenital anomalies and macrosomia (>3.5kg) was similar among both groups.Conclusions: Risk factors associated with GDM onset such as previous history of GDM and family history of diabetes are significant risk factors. Advanced age, increasing parity and occurrence of abortions were not associated with GDM onset.  With good glycaemic control the obstetrical complications and macrosomia are preventable. Rate of Induction of labour, caesarean delivery and neonatal morbidity remains higher among GDM women.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Zinat Begum ◽  
Dewan Shahida Banu ◽  
Shaila Sharmeen Shanta ◽  
Shitil Ibna Islam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Objective: The present study was undertaken to determine the risk factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) presented at Bangladesh Institute of Research in Diabetes, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM). Materials & methods: The present case-control study was conducted at BIRDEM Hospital, Dhaka over a period of 6 months from July to December 2011. A total of 100 pregnant women (20 cases and 80 controls) were consecutively enrolled in the study. Pregnant women who developed diabetes at their 3rd trimester were cases (n = 20), while pregnant women free from diabetes at their 3rd trimester were controls (n = 80). The diagnosis of GDM was made using a two-step approach. Pregnant women were initially screened by measuring the plasma glucose concentrations 1 hour after a 50 gram of oral glucose challenge. A diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test was performed on the subset of women whose plasma glucose concentrations exceded the threshold value for glucose (> 140 mg/dl). Result: The study showed that older patients (≥ 25 years) were predominant in both case and control groups. The groups were almost comparable in terms of socioeconomic status and occupation. The distribution of gestational age was also similar between groups (33.1 ± 6.3 vs. 34.2 ± 3.9 years, p = 0.476). Majority (85%) of the cases had family history of diabetes (p < 0.001). Thirty five percent of cases were nulipara and 65% multipara compared to 51.3% and 48.7% respectively of the control (p = 0.076). No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of preterm labour and PROM (p = 0.690 and 0.220 respectively). Forty percent of cases had past history of GDM compared to 3.8% of controls (p < 0.001). The fasting plasma glucose and plasma glucose 2 hrs after 75 g of glucose ingestion were significantly higher in pregnant women having GDM than those in normal pregnant women (8.3 ± 3.1 vs. 4.1 ± 0.5 mmol/L, p < 0.001;12.9 ± 4.8 vs. 5.9 ± 1.2 mmol/L, p < 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: The study concluded that none of the sociodemographic characteristics like age, socioeconomic status and occupation was found to be associated with GDM. However, pregnant women with family history of diabetes are at risk of developing GDM significantly more than those without GDM. Multipara tend to develop GDM more frequently than the primipara does. Past incidence of GDM increases the risk of GDM in the subsequent pregnancy. Ibrahim Card Med J 2015; 5 (1&2): 49-53

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in antenatal mothers in Goa, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Rini R. Naik ◽  
Guruprasad Pednekar ◽  
Jagadish Cacodcar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Past History ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) accounts for almost 90% of all pregnancies complicated by diabetes. Its prevalence in the Indian population ranges from 5.5% to 11.5 %.Methods: The present study was undertaken to assess the incidence of GDM among antenatal mothers admitted in Goa Medical College for a period of 18 months and also to study the risk factors associated with GDM amongst such cases.Results: Present study revealed that among 7717 antenatal mothers who were admitted and delivered in our Hospital, 424 women were diagnosed with GDM. Of these women diagnosed with GDM, almost one third were in the age group of 31- 35 years (35.8%); 56.2 % of these women were multigravidas. Advancing maternal age, rising parity, obesity, family history of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and past history of GDM were among the risk factors found to be significantly associated with GDM.Conclusions: The incidence of GDM in present study population was 5.49%. Advancing maternal age, maternal obesity, family history of DM and past history of GDM were found to be important determinants of GDM.

scholarly journals Neonatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus: a hospital based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaraddi Sanjay K. ◽  
Saranya Andal Kishore ◽  
Nedunchezian P. ◽  
Sulekha C.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is amongst the most common medical complications of pregnancy associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. The prevalence of GDM is increasing worldwide especially in India with increasing obesity and lifestyle and dietary changes. Hence this study was undertaken to study the prevalence of GDM and to evaluate its neonatal outcomes.Methods: This was a prospective study. During the study period, 205 pregnant women between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation were screened for GDM using 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were diagnosed to have GDM based on WHO criteria. Risk factors for GDM, maternal and neonatal outcomes were studied.Results: The prevalence of GDM in the study population was 7.8%. Prevalence of GDM cases was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2, family history of diabetes, previous macrosomia/large for gestational age (LGA) baby and past history of GDM with p <0.001 and with multiparity (p = 0.024). Maternal age >25 years was not statistically associated with prevalence of GDM (p = 0.358). Incidence of pre-eclampsia and polyhydramnios were significantly higher among GDM cases. Operative delivery and assisted (forceps) delivery had strongly significant association with GDM (p <0.001). GDM cases were significantly associated with higher birth weight (>3.5 kg) in the neonates (p <0.001). Hypoglycemia was the most common complication noted in neonates of GDM women. Incidence of respiratory distress, transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), polycythemia and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were also significantly more common among neonates born to GDM women.Conclusions: BMI >25 kg/m2, family history of diabetes, past GDM and previous LGA baby were important risk factors for GDM. The study emphasizes the need to screen all pregnant women for GDM, so that timely diagnosis and intervention will reduce both maternal and perinatal complications.

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