scholarly journals Association of seeking ophthalmic assessment in children with parental history of refractive errors

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zahid Latif ◽  
Muhammad Athar Khan ◽  
Saira Afzal ◽  
Syed Amir Gilani
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
P Value ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Positive History ◽  
History Of

Objective: To find out the association of seeking ophthalmic assessment in children with parental history of refractive errors. Methods: After the approval of ethical review board, an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in eight high schools of public and private sector at Lahore during the period of seven months from August 2017 to March 2018. Multistage random sampling technique was opted and 2000 study subjects were recruited including 50% boys and 50% girls. Informed consent was obtained and data was collected on a structured questionnaire. The data was organized, entered in version 23 of IBM SPSS and analyzed by the use of statistical tools. Results: Age of the respondents ranged between nine to 18 years with a mean of 13.40±1.82 SD. Parental history of wearing spectacles was present in 21.3% of the fathers and 28.6% of the mothers. Moreover, 72.4% of the participants never visited eye care professional. Among private schools, an association was found between the visit of boys to eye care professional and maternal positive history of wearing spectacles (p-value 0.019). A significant association was found between the positive paternal history of wearing spectacles and visit of the female strudy subjects to an eye care professional (p-value 0.001). In public schools, there was an association between visit of children to eye care services and positive history of mothers about the use of spectacles (p-value 0.018). Conclusions: This study concludes that positive maternal history of wearing spectacles is associated with the ophthalmic examination of children in both public and private school. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.1010 How to cite this:Latif MZ, Khan MA, Afzal S, Gilani SA. Association of seeking ophthalmic assessment in children with parental history of refractive errors. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.1010 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Can girls wear shorts and trousers too? A review of South Australian school uniform policy following mandated requirement for choice.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cohen-Woods ◽  
Rachel Laattoe
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Dress Code ◽  
School Policies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
School Uniform ◽  
Uniform Policy ◽  
Gender Specific

Background: School uniform options such as skirts and dresses can impact physical activity and psychological wellbeing of girls. Restrictions that exclude trousers/pants or shorts as uniform options for girls can promote inequality in comfort and engagement in school activities. The South Australian Department of Education and Child Development (DECD) School Dress Code Procedure mandates school dress codes provide flexible uniform options with the right to choice, regardless of gender. This review examines public school adherence to DECD guidelines, and compares girls’ uniform options between public and private school sectors.Method: The proportion of girls shorts and pants/trouser options provided in school uniform policies collated in 2018 were compared across 486 public and 193 private primary, secondary, and combined schools within South Australia. Policies were grouped based on the choice they provided girls for shorts, and separately for trousers/pants. The groups were gender specific choice/open choice, unisex choice, restricted choice, or no option.Results: Overall, 98.6% of public and 26.4% of private school policies included shorts as a uniform option for girls. Of these schools, about nine in ten public, and just over half private, policies listed gender-specific or open choice shorts options. All public primary and high schools, and a majority of combined schools (98.8%) provided girls pants/trouser options, with 93.4% providing gender specific or open choices. This compared to 34.2% of private school policies including girls’ pants options. In total less than 1.0% of public, and 45.5% to 66.7% of private schools provide no opportunity for girls to wear shorts every day. Similarly, 56.0% of private schools do not provide any trouser/pant option.Conclusion: The results highlight a small proportion of public schools fail to follow mandated uniform policy procedures set by the DECD, specifically in context of shorts. Moreover, this report clearly demonstrates the discrepancy in girls’ uniform options between the public and private school sectors. We present suggestions and recommendations with the aim to improve current policy, as well as a need to advance adherence to policy and South Australian anti-discrimination legislation in public and particularly private schools.

Measuring the performance of educational institute by using standard of total quality (compare study between private and public schools)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazen Mahmood ◽  
◽  
Saif Younis ◽  
Tala Saeed ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Total Quality Management ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Management Standards ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Compare Study

This research aims to Identify the Total Quality Management standards and the ability to implementation theses standards in educational institutes of Kurdistan region (KRG) in Public and Private schools by ask a question : what is the reality of implementation the standards of Total Quality Management (TQM) in educational institutes of (KRG). The study take 100 sample (Sava private school and AL-Khouwa public school) and use the excel program for analysis the data and the result showed there are difference in implementation the standards between the Public schools and Private schools. The study recommended the need of sharing and disseminating concepts of implementation the standards of (TQM) between the workers in the educational sector.

scholarly journals CONSUMPTION OF MINIMALLY PROCESSED AND ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS AMONG STUDENTS FROM PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Silva Ferreira ◽  
Dyene Aparecida Silva ◽  
Cristiana Araújo Gontijo ◽  
Ana Elisa Madalena Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
School Students ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Public And Private

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare and analyze the consumption of minimally processed and ultra-processed foods among students from public and private schools. Methods: Study conducted in Uberlândia, MG, with fifth-grade students from three private and six public schools, selected by stratified cluster sampling. We collected data on food consumption using the 24-hour recall. Foods were classified into four groups (G) according to extent and purpose of processing: fresh/minimally processed foods (G1) culinary ingredients (G2), processed foods (G3), and ultra-processed foods (G4). Total energy intake (kcal) of each group, amount of sugar (g), sodium (mg), and fiber (g) were quantified and compared according to administrative affiliation (private or public). Results: Percentage of total energy intake was: G1 - 52%; G2 - 12%; G3 - 5%; e G4 - 31%. Energy intake from G1 (53 vs. 47%), G2 (12 vs. 9%), and G3 (6.0 vs. 0.1%), and amount of sodium (3,293 vs. 2,724 mg) and fiber (23 vs. 18 g) were higher among students from public schools. Energy intake from G4 (36 vs. 28%) and amount of sugar (20 vs. 14%) were higher among students from private schools. The consumption of foods from G1 in the school environment was higher among students from public schools (40 vs. 9%). Conclusions: Foods from G1 represent the highest percentage of total energy intake, while those from G4 constitute a third of calories consumed. Processed juice, sandwich cookie, processed cake, and breakfast cereals are more frequent among private school students; snacks and juice powder are more common for students from public schools.

Public-Private Symbiosis in Nashville Special Education

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherman Dorn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Private School ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Public Schooling ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public

The conventional historiography describing a strict public-private divide in United States schooling is misleading. The standard story claims that public schooling was a fuzzy concept 200 years ago; the division between public and private education for children thus developed largely over the nineteenth century. In the early nineteenth century, public funds went to many private schools and even large private systems, such as the New York Public School Society. In some instances, public funds went to parochial education, either explicitly or as part of an arrangement to allow for diverse religious instruction using public funds. However, the nineteenth century witnessed growing division between public and private, largely excluding religious education (or at least non-Protestant religious education). By the end of the nineteenth century, the standard educational historiography suggests, public schools meant public in several senses: funded from the public coffers, open to the public in general, and controlled by a public, democratically controlled process. Tacit in that definition was a relatively rigid dividing line between public and private school organizations. Historians know that this implicit definition of “public” omits key facts. First, the governance of public schools became less tied to electoral politics during the Progressive Era. Public schooling in nineteenth-century cities generally meant large school boards, intimately connected with urban political machines. By the 1920s, many city school systems had smaller boards in a more corporate-like structure. The consolidation of small rural school districts in the first half of the twentieth century completed this removal of school governance from more local politics. A second problem with the definition above is unequal access to quality education (however defined). Historically, the acceptance of all students was true only in a limited sense, either in access to schools at all (with the exclusion of many children with disabilities) or, more generally, to the resources and curriculum involved in the best public schooling of the early twentieth century (as with racial segregation).

scholarly journals Teenagers Lifestyles at Public and Private Schools: Screen Time and Physical Activity (Estilos de vida de los adolescentes en las escuelas públicas y privadas: tiempo de pantalla y actividad física)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
Miguel Fialho Pombeiro ◽  
Margarida Gaspar de Matos ◽  
José Alves Diniz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Health Organization

This study aims to compare lifestyles (LS) of students at private and public schools. All schools are from Lisbon´s region (Lisbon). Five lifestyles profiles (LSP) were recognized and interpreted based on physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST). The methodology and the instruments used were adapted from the International Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO). Overall, the sample consists of N=2906 students of both genders averagely aged 13.6 years (SD=1.8). The results showed that in both public and private school the access and use of technological equipment’s is being democratized, but that is not true with PA practice; students of private schools are more disciplined in PA and in ST consume.Rsumen: Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar el estilo de vida de los estudiantes de las escuelas públicas y privadas de la región de Lisboa. Cinco perfiles de estilo de vida fueron reconocidos e interpretados teniendo en cuenta la actividad física y el tiempo de pantalla. La metodología y los instrumentos utilizados en este estudio son el resultado de una adaptación del Internacional Health Beaviour in School-aged Children en niños en edad escolar realizado bajo los auspicios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El estudio incluye N = 2906 estudiantes de ambos sexos, con una media de 13,6 años (SD = 1,8). Los resultados mostraron que en las escuelas públicas y privadas, hay una democratización del acceso y uso de la tecnología, pero no en la actividad física; estudiantes de colegios privados son más disciplinados en la práctica de la actividad física y el tiempo de pantalla.Resumo. O presente estudo pretende comparar o estilo de vida dos alunos de escolas privadas e públicas da Região de Lisboa. Cinco perfis de estilo de vida, foram reconhecidos e interpretados em função da prática de atividade física e do tempo de ecrã. A metodologia e instrumentos utilizados neste estudo resultam de uma adaptação do estudo Internacional Health Beaviour in School-aged Children realizado sob a égide da Organização Mundial de Saúde. O estudo inclui N=2906 alunos de ambos os géneros, com uma média de idades de 13.6 anos (DP=1.8). Os resultados mostraram que em ambas as escolas públicas e privadas, existe uma democratização no acesso e na utilização tecnológica, mas não na prática de atividade física; os alunos das escolas privadas são mais disciplinados na prática de atividade física e no tempo de ecrã.  

scholarly journals “Students in public and private schools—which are at higher risk of drug use?”: A survey from Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bahramnejad ◽  
Abedin Iranpour ◽  
Nouzar Nakhaee
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Background Recent evidence from Western countries suggests that private school students are more prone to drug use. Such an evidence is lacking in Muslim countries. The aim of this study was to examine whether the risk of drug use is higher in private schools than public schools.Methods This cross sectional study was conducted on 650 tenth grade students of Kerman city, the center of largest province of Iran using cluster sampling. Well-validated questionnaires regarding current, lifetime substance use, and perceived use by classmates were utilized. Substances included in the questionnaire were waterpipe, cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, opium, methamphetamine, and Naas. Drug Use Tendency Scale was used to measure the attitudes of students towards drug use.Results The response rate was 93.7%. More than 82% of sample were public school students (n = 504). Current use of cigarette and marijuana was higher in private schools (12.2% and 3.0%, respectively) than public schools (4.4% and 0.5%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking by classmates was higher among private school students.Conclusion Despite the popular belief that private schools are better than public schools regarding the risk of substance use, students who attend private schools may be at a higher risk of turning to some drugs comparing to public schools in Iran.

scholarly journals “Students in public and private schools—which are at higher risk of drug use?”: A survey from Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bahramnejad ◽  
Abedin Iranpour ◽  
Nouzar Nakhaee
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Background : Recent evidence from Western countries suggests that private school students are more prone to drug use. Such an evidence is lacking in Muslim countries. The aim of this study was to examine whether the risk of drug use is higher in private schools than public schools. Methods : This cross sectional study was conducted on 650 tenth grade students of Kerman city, the center of largest province of Iran using cluster sampling. Well-validated questionnaires regarding current, lifetime substance use, and perceived use by classmates were utilized. Substances included in the questionnaire were waterpipe, cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, opium, methamphetamine, and Naas. Drug Use Tendency Scale was used to measure the attitudes of students towards drug use. Results : The response rate was 93.7%. More than 82% of sample were public school students (n=504). Current use of cigarette and marijuana was higher in private schools (12.2% and 3.0%, respectively) than public schools (4.4% and 0.5%, respectively) (P<0.05). Perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking by classmates was higher among private school students. Conclusion : Despite the popular belief that private schools are better than public schools regarding the risk of substance use, students who attend private schools may be at a higher risk of turning to some drugs comparing to public schools in Iran.

Public Policy Toward Private Schools: A Focus on Parental Choice

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary-Michelle Upson Hirschoff
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Schooling ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Major Factors

Not since the 1920s has our society faced so much controversy about public policy toward private elementary and secondary schools. Then, the major issue was whether private schools should be allowed to exist as alternatives to public schools. That issue was resolved in Pierce v. Society of Sisters, in which the Supreme Court upheld the right of parents to choose private schooling, and thus foreclosed a public monopoly. Today, our mixed system of private and public elementary and secondary education confronts increasing pressures for both fiscal and regulatory change. Most prominent in public debate are proposals for tuition tax credits and voucher systems and challenges to government regulation of private school teacher qualifications, curriculum, and admission practices (especially as the latter affect racial segregation). Two major public policy issues have replaced the issue of whether private schooling should exist at all: (1) To what extent should government encourage or discourage the choice of private schooling, that is, what balance between public and private schooling should government try to achieve? (2) What differences between private and public schooling should government promote or prohibit? Despite this change in emphasis, todays debates echo those of the 1920s in many respects. Just as the proponents of the 1920s laws restricting private schools feared that those schools would harm efforts to Americanize the children of immigrants, some argue today that private schools exacerbate social, economic, racial, religious, and ethnic divisions within the society and that aiding private schools will increase such undesirable effects. Now, as then, advocates of private schooling rest their arguments on the rights of parents to direct their children's education and on the benefits to society of diversity in schooling. Most dispute claims that private schools increase social stratification to any greater degree than do the public schools or that they are less effective in creating good citizens. One of the major factors that distinguishes today's debates from those of the 1920s is the greater attention paid to the impact of private schools on the quality of education.

The “Violence” Phenomena Reflected on Drawings of School- Age Children in North Cyprus

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Enil Afşaroğlu Eren ◽  
Zihniye Okray
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public School ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
North Cyprus ◽  
The Family

To understand emotional experiences of the children and identify their  psychosocial  needs    studying their drawings is  one of the  significant methods.Children are an important group  who are  exposed  to violence  in various ways  in the family, at school, in virtual environment, via television, in their country, in health system. Research sample is a group of  10-11 years old girl and boys at public and private school.The violence phenomena  reflected in the paintigs are mostly  experienced  in the  family and among children.In general,  physical and verbal violence are described.In paintings  violence  perpetrators are mostly adult males.  50% of victims are  female, 46,4 % of are male, 57% of victims are children and 39.2% of  are adults. In drawings of children in private schools violence phenomena is mostly pictured at parks and garden area. In drawings of children in public school the violence is pictured in their homes besides park and garden area. The children at public school pictured more tools of violence (gun, knife) in their drawings. The majority of children who draw guns are girls. In drawings of children in public school human figures are stick figures and incomplete, in the drawings of children at private school the human figures are mostly pictured in details. Based on the results we can assume that the public schools in North Cyprus need to be improved academically and in both public and private schools the psychological counselling and guidance departments need to be developed and supported. In this study the analysis of drawings emphasize the children’s perception or experience of violence and also reflect the children’s problems with the adults and give clues about the solutions of these problems. The  gathered results contribute to understanding the emotional and social level of the children in Northern Cyprus.

scholarly journals “Students in public and private schools—which are at higher risk of drug use?”: a survey from Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bahramnejad ◽  
Abedin Iranpour ◽  
Nouzar Nakhaee
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Background Recent evidence from Western countries suggests that private school students are more prone to drug use. Such an evidence is lacking in Muslim countries. The aim of this study was to examine whether the risk of drug use is higher in private schools than public schools. Methods This cross sectional study was conducted on 650 tenth grade students of Kerman city, the center of largest province of Iran using cluster sampling. Well-validated questionnaires regarding current, lifetime substance use, and perceived use by classmates were utilized. Substances included in the questionnaire were waterpipe, cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, opium, methamphetamine, and Naas. Drug Use Tendency Scale was used to measure the attitudes of students towards drug use. Results The response rate was 93.7%. More than 82% of sample were public school students (n = 504). Current use of cigarette and marijuana was higher in private schools (12.2 and 3.0%, respectively) than public schools (4.4 and 0.5%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking by classmates was higher among private school students. Conclusion Despite the popular belief that private schools are better than public schools regarding the risk of substance use, students who attend private schools may be at a higher risk of turning to some drugs comparing to public schools in Iran.

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