scholarly journals PROVENANCE OF PINDOS FORELAND FLYSCH DEPOSITS USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Vakalas ◽  
G. Ananiadis ◽  
A. Zelilidis ◽  
N. Kontopoulos ◽  
B. Tsikouras
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Probable Source ◽  
Pelagonian Zone ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron

A number of polished thin sections from two cross sections within the Pindos foreland deposits were petrographically examined while microanalyses on certain minerals were carried out. Chemistry of these minerals is compared to analogous phases occurring in several formations in the neighbourhood of the studied areas which can stand as source areas. Our results reveal that the most probable source materials include the Pindos, Koziakas (and probably and Vourinos) ophiolite complexes, as well as metamorphic sequences of the Pelagonian Zone

scholarly journals PROVENANCE OF PINDOS FLYSCH DEPOSITS IN METSOVO AND FOURNA AREAS USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ananiadis ◽  
I. Vakalas ◽  
A. Zelilidis ◽  
B. Tsikouras
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Detrital Material ◽  
Probable Source ◽  
Pelagonian Zone ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pétrographie observation of sandstones that contain detrital grains and lithic fragments along with microanalytical data from certain minerals suggest that detrital material in Pindos flysch deposits, in Metsovo and Fourna areas, may have been sourced in the Pindos ophiolite and the Pelagonian metamorphic rocks; additionally some material from Fournas has probably been derived from the Koziakas ophiolite outcrop. The Loumnitsa Unit (Pindos ophiolite), has probably supplied the Pindos foreland with ma+erial from the erosion of amphibolites while the Dramala Unit was the most probable source of spinels and ultramafic material. Fragments of acid plutonio rocks have been observed, too, owing their origin from the plutonite of Vamounta-Kastoria (Pelagonian Zone). The area of Fourna has been also fed by the Koziakas ophiolites, as evidenced from the composition of chlorites and epidotes.

Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Identical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

SEM analysis of fish scale cross sections: A technique study

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 744-745
Author(s):  
M.E. Lee ◽  
A. Moller ◽  
P.S.O. Fouche ◽  
I.G Gaigher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy of fish scales has facilitated the application of micro-structures to systematics. Electron microscopy studies have added more information on the structure of the scale and the associated cells, many problems still remain unsolved, because of our incomplete knowledge of the process of calcification. One of the main purposes of these studies has been to study the histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of both calcified and decalcified scales, and associated cells, and to obtain more information on the mechanism of calcification in the scales. The study of a calcified scale with the electron microscope is complicated by the difficulty in sectioning this material because of the close association of very hard tissue with very soft tissues. Sections often shatter and blemishes are difficult to avoid. Therefore the aim of this study is firstly to develop techniques for the preparation of cross sections of fish scales for scanning electron microscopy and secondly the application of these techniques for the determination of the structures and calcification of fish scales.

Scattering of Electrons at High - Pressure and Restoration of Image Contrast in High Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 384-385
Author(s):  
J. S. Shah ◽  
R. Durkin ◽  
A. N. Farley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
Scattering Approximation ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is now possible to perform High Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy (HPSEM) in the range 10 to 2000 Pa. Here the effect of scattering on resolution has been evaluated by calculating the profile of the beam in high pressure and assessing its effect on the image contrast . An experimental scheme is presented to show that the effect of the primary beam ionization is to reduce image contrast but this effect can be eliminated by a novel use of specimen current detection in the presence of an electric field. The mechanism of image enhancement is discussed in terms of collection of additional carriers generated by the emissive components.High Pressure SEM (HPSEM) instrumentation is establishing itself as commercially viable. There are now a number of manufacturers, such as JEOL, ABT, ESCAN, DEBEN RESEARCH, selling microscopes and accessories for HPSEM. This is because high pressure techniques have begun to yield high quality micrographs at medium resolution.To study the effect of scattering on the incident electron beam, its profile - in a high pressure environment - was evaluated by calculating the elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections for nitrogen in the energy range 5-25 keV. To assess the effect of the scattered beam on the image contrast, the modification of a sharp step contrast function due to scattering was calculated by single scattering approximation and experimentally confirmed for a 20kV accelerated beam.

scholarly journals Improved imaging and analysis of chlorite in reservoirs and modern day analogues: new insights for reservoir quality and provenance

2018 ◽  
Vol 484 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Worden ◽  
James E. P. Utley ◽  
Alan R. Butcher ◽  
J. Griffiths ◽  
L. J. Wooldridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Quantitative Mineralogy ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractChlorite is a key mineral in the control of reservoir quality in many siliciclastic rocks. In deeply buried reservoirs, chlorite coats on sand grains prevent the growth of quartz cements and lead to anomalously good reservoir quality. By contrast, an excess of chlorite – for example, in clay-rich siltstone and sandstone – leads to blocked pore throats and very low permeability. Determining which compositional type is present, how it occurs spatially, and quantifying the many and varied habits of chlorite that are of commercial importance remains a challenge. With the advent of automated techniques based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it is possible to provide instant phase identification and mapping of entire thin sections of rock. The resulting quantitative mineralogy and rock fabric data can be compared with well logs and core analysis data. We present here a completely novel Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by SCANning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN®) SEM–energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) methodology to differentiate, quantify and image 11 different compositional types of chlorite based on Fe : Mg ratios using thin sections of rocks and grain mounts of cuttings or loose sediment. No other analytical technique, or combination of techniques, is capable of easily quantifying and imaging different compositional types of chlorite. Here we present examples of chlorite from seven different geological settings analysed using QEMSCAN® SEM–EDS. By illustrating the reliability of identification under automated analysis, and the ability to capture realistic textures in a fully digital format, we can clearly visualize the various forms of chlorite. This new approach has led to the creation of a digital chlorite library, in which we have co-registered optical and SEM-based images, and validated the mineral identification with complimentary techniques such as X-ray diffraction. This new methodology will be of interest and use to all those concerned with the identification and formation of chlorite in sandstones and the effects that diagenetic chlorite growth may have had on reservoir quality. The same approach may be adopted for other minerals (e.g. carbonates) with major element compositional variability that may influence the porosity and permeability of sandstone reservoirs.

Determination of cotton fiber maturity and linear density (fineness) by examination of fiber cross-sections. Part 2: A comparison optical and scanning electron microscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (18) ◽  
pp. 1939-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey RS Naylor ◽  
Margaret Pate ◽  
Graham J Higgerson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Wall Area ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Fiber Maturity ◽  
Scanning Electron

Previous researchers established a set of reference cottons with known fiber maturity and linear density (fineness) values based on the analysis of a large number of individual transverse fiber cross-sections viewed under the optical microscope. Part 1 identified that the limited optical resolution of the captured images may be the source of a significant systematic error in the assigned values of cell wall area and hence fiber maturity and linear density values. In this paper the optical microscopy technique was implemented. Individual cross-sections were measured using this approach and also higher resolution and higher magnification images were obtained using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the data obtained from optical microscopy were similar to the SEM data, with the perimeter being 2% smaller, the cell wall area being 6% larger and the maturity ratio values being 8% higher. It was concluded that the combined approach of utilizing SEM in conjunction with optical imaging is a useful approach for verifying and perhaps correcting the data obtained from optical imaging. Further the SEM images highlighted that the current experimental protocol does not adequately address the challenge of ensuring that the fibers are mounted normal to the plane of cutting the transverse cross-section. Modeling demonstrated that while maturity ratio values are relatively insensitive to this misalignment, measured cell wall area values and hence fiber linear density values will be overestimated. This may be the major source of error associated with the technique and warrants further attention in future studies.

Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis to Understand the Role of Tannin-Based Dyes in the Degradation of Historical Wool Textiles

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1534-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalaura Restivo ◽  
Ilaria Degano ◽  
Erika Ribechini ◽  
Josefina Pérez-Arantegui ◽  
Maria Perla Colombini
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edx Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract:An innovative approach, combining field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, is presented to investigate the degradation mechanisms affecting tannin-dyed wool. In fact, tannin-dyed textiles are more sensitive to degradation then those dyed with other dyestuffs, even in the same conservation conditions.FESEM-EDX was first used to study a set of 48 wool specimens (artificially aged) dyed with several raw materials and mordants, and prepared according to historical dyeing recipes. EDX analysis was performed on the surface of wool threads and on their cross-sections. In addition, in order to validate the model formulated by the analysis of reference materials, several samples collected from historical and archaeological textiles were subjected to FESEM-EDX analysis.FESEM-EDX investigations enabled us to reveal the correlation between elemental composition and morphological changes. In addition, aging processes were clarified by studying changes in the elemental composition of wool from the protective cuticle to the fiber core in cross-sections. Morphological and elemental analysis of wool specimens and of archaeological and historical textiles showed that the presence of tannins increases wool damage, primarily by causing a sulfur decrease and fiber oxidation.

Glass-Alumina Functionally Graded Materials Produced by Plasma Spraying

2007 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
pp. 227-230
Author(s):  
Valeria Cannillo ◽  
Luca Lusvarghi ◽  
Tiziano Manfredini ◽  
M. Montorsi ◽  
Cristina Siligardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Spraying ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present work was focused on glass-alumina functionally graded materials. The samples, produced by plasma spraying, were built as multi-layered systems by depositing several layers of slightly different composition, since their alumina and glass content was progressively changed. After fabricating the graded materials, several, proper characterization techniques were set up to investigate the gradient in composition, microstructure and related performances. A particular attention was paid to the observation of the graded cross sections by scanning electron microscopy, which allowed to visualize directly the graded microstructural changes. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) inspection was integrated with accurate mechanical measurements, such as systematic depth-sensing Vickers microindentation tests performed on the graded cross sections.

Study of fossil bones by synchrotron radiation micro-spectroscopic techniques and scanning electron microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Zougrou ◽  
M. Katsikini ◽  
F. Pinakidou ◽  
E. C. Paloura ◽  
L. Papadopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Osteocyte Lacunae ◽  
Fossil Bones ◽  
Bone Apatite ◽  
Scanning Electron

Earlymost Villafranchian fossil bones of an artiodactyl and a perissodactyl from the Milia excavation site in Grevena, Greece, were studied in order to evaluate diagenetic effects. Optical microscopy revealed the different bone types (fibro-lamellar and Haversian, respectively) of the two fragments and their good preservation state. The spatial distribution of bone apatite and soil-originating elements was studied using micro-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) mapping and scanning electron microscopy. The approximate value of the Ca/P ratio was 2.2, as determined from scanning electron microscopy measurements. Bacterial boring was detected close to the periosteal region and Fe bearing oxides were found to fill bone cavities,e.g.Haversian canals and osteocyte lacunae. In the perissodactyl bone considerable amounts of Mn were detected close to cracks (the Mn/Fe weight ratio takes values up to 3.5). Goethite and pyrite were detected in both samples by means of metallographic microscopy. The local Ca/P ratio determined with µ-XRF varied significantly in metal-poor spots indicating spatial inhomogeneities in the ionic substitutions. XRF line scans that span the bone cross sections revealed that Fe and Mn contaminate the bones from both the periosteum and medullar cavity and aggregate around local maxima. The formation of goethite, irrespective of the local Fe concentration, was verified by the FeK-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra. Finally, SrK-edge extended XAFS (EXAFS) revealed that Sr substitutes for Ca in bone apatite without obvious preference to the Ca1or Ca2unit-cell site occupation.

Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Technique to Identify Asbestos Phases Inside Ferruginous Bodies

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Croce ◽  
Maya Musa ◽  
Mario Allegrina ◽  
Paolo Trivero ◽  
Caterina Rinaudo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
The Core ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Ferruginous Bodies ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractFerruginous bodies observed in lungs of patients affected by mesothelioma, asbestosis, and pulmonary carcinoma are important to relate the illness to exposure, environmental or occupational, to asbestos. Identification of the inorganic phase constituting the core of the ferruginous bodies, formed around asbestos but also around phases different from asbestos, is essential for legal purposes. Environmental scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to identify the fibrous mineral phase in the core of ferruginous bodies observed directly in thin sections of tissue, without digestion of the biological matrix. Spectra were taken with sequential analyses along a line crossing the core of the ferruginous bodies. By comparing the spectra taken near to and far from the core, the chemical elements that make up the core could be identified.

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