scholarly journals CTD data profiling to assess the natural hazard of active submarine vent fields: the case of Santorini Island

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Ana Dura ◽  
Theo J. Mertzimekis ◽  
Evangelos Bakalis ◽  
Paraskevi Nomikou ◽  
Andreas Gondikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
The North ◽  
Full Dataset ◽  
Data Profiling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Almost three quarters of known volcanic activity on Earth occurs in underwater locations. The presence of active hydrothermal vent fields in such environments is a potential natural hazard for the environment, the society, and the economy. Despite its importance for risk assessment and risk mitigation, monitoring of the activity is impeded by the remoteness and the extreme conditions of underwater volcanoes. The large difference of population present on Santorini between the winter and summer seasons, all within a partially enclosed system, make the Santorini-Kolumbo volcanic field, an ideal place for detailed exploration. In 2017, GEOMAR in collaboration with the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (mission: POS-510 ANYDROS), used an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) to map the NE–trending Santorini–Kolumbo line, where it also collected CTD data. Here we present the preliminary results from the 15-hour survey held on the 25th March 2017, during the POS-510 expedition targeting the vent field which is located in the North Basin of Santorini Caldera. Detailed CTD 3D profiles have been reconstructed from the raw data of Santorini’s vent field. An anomaly emerges at the depth of 350 m in the Conductivity and Salinity depth profiles, as the CTD sensor is placed directly above the vent sources. Anomalies were evident in the 3D maps reconstructed, showing for the first time a rather weak, but underlying hydrothermal vent activity at various locations. As the present results are the first ones produced from this expedition, further investigation is required incorporating the full dataset. Based on those results, the impact of developing appropriate mechanisms and policies to avoid the associated natural hazard is expected to be immense.

scholarly journals The Hydrothermal Vent Field at the Eastern Edge of the Hellenic Volcanic Arc: The Avyssos Caldera (Nisyros)

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Ana Dura ◽  
Theo J. Mertzimekis ◽  
Paraskevi Nomikou ◽  
Andreas Gondikas ◽  
Martín Manuel Gómez Míguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Submarine Volcano ◽  
Moments Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Generalized Moments

Almost three-quarters of known volcanic activity on Earth occurs in underwater locations. The presence of active hydrothermal vent fields in such environments is a potential natural hazard for the environment, society, and economy. Despite its importance for risk assessment and risk mitigation, the monitoring of volcanic activity is impeded by the remoteness and the extreme conditions of many underwater volcanoes. The morphology and the activity of the submarine caldera, Avyssos, at the northern part of Nisyros volcano in the South Aegean Sea (Greece), were studied using a remotely operated underwater vehicle. The recorded time series of temperature and conductivity over the submarine volcano have been analyzed in terms of the Generalized Moments Method. This type of analysis can be used as an indicator for the state of activity of a submarine volcano. Here, we expand the work conducted for the first time in 2018. We present the findings of the geological exploration and the mathematical analysis, obtained from the data collected in October 2010. The temperature and conductivity time series show minor fluctuations in a rather stable environment. Based on these results, the impact of developing appropriate mechanisms and policies to avoid the associated natural hazard is expected to be important.

Characterization, distribution, biology and impact on Italian walnut orchards of the invasive North-American leafminer Coptodisca lucifluella (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Bernardo ◽  
E.J. van Nieukerken ◽  
R. Sasso ◽  
M. Gebiola ◽  
L. Gualtieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
The North ◽  
C Subunit ◽  
High Larval Mortality ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Common Walnut

AbstractThe leafminer Coptodisca sp. (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae), recently recorded for the first time in Europe on Italian black and common walnut trees, is shown to be the North-American Coptodisca lucifluella (Clemens) based on morphological (forewing pattern) and molecular (cytochrome oxidase c subunit I sequence) evidence. The phylogenetic relatedness of three species feeding on Juglandaceae suggests that C. lucifluella has likely shifted, within the same host plant family, from its original North-American hosts Carya spp. to Juglans spp. Over the few years since its detection, it has established in many regions in Italy and has become a widespread and dominant invasive species. The leafminer completes three to four generations per year, with the first adults emerging in April–May and mature larvae of the last generation starting hibernation in September–October. Although a high larval mortality was recorded in field observations (up to 74%), the impact of the pest was substantial with all leaves infested at the end of the last generation in all 3 years tested. The distribution of the leafminer in the canopy was homogeneous. The species is redescribed and illustrated, a lectotype is designated and a new synonymy is established.

scholarly journals Of Meuse and Man: the geomorphogenetic and archaeological predictive maps of the Dutch Meuse valley

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F.B. Isarin ◽  
E. Rensink ◽  
G.R. Ellenkamp ◽  
E. Heunks
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The North ◽  
Aeolian Geomorphology ◽  
Landscape Processes ◽  
Cultural Themes ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

AbstractFor the first time, geomorphology and archaeology are combined for a 165 km long stretch of the Meuse river, resulting in a geomorphogenetic map (GKM) and a series of archaeological predictive maps (AVM). The maps cover the central part the Meuse valley, located in the province of Limburg between Mook in the north and Eijsden in the south. The area consists of fluvial and aeolian landforms of the Holocene Meuse floodplain and Younger Dryas aged terraces along it, spanning a period of approximately 15,000 years of landscape genesis and human habitation. The GKM more clearly discriminates between map units of Younger Dryas and early Holocene age than in previous mappings of the Meuse valley. The AVM series provide predictive information on the location of sites for four distinct consecutive archaeological periods and four main cultural themes. The maps contribute to a better understanding of landscape processes (fluvial and aeolian geomorphology and the impact of man on river behaviour), and the possibilities for human habitation and land use in prehistoric and historic times.

California’s Natural Hazard Zonation Policies for Land-Use Planning and Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Real ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Emergency Operation ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
General Plan ◽  
The Impact

California has established state-level policies that utilize knowledge of where natural hazards are more likely to occur to enhance the effectiveness of landuse planning as a tool for risk mitigation. These policies set minimum standards for local government, and range from State designation of regulatory natural hazard zones to requirements that cities and counties include a Safety Element in their General Plan that evaluates their exposure to earthquakes, wildfires, floods, and other natural hazards, and to prepare a federal Local Mitigation Plan to reduce the risk. Such requirements placed on local government are enforced by potential liability for losses for failure to act, and the potential ineligibility for disaster relief funds should a catastrophic event occur. Building codes have been the primary means of mitigating the impact of natural hazards, but continued growth into high-risk terrain and repetitive losses have focused attention to the merits of avoiding harm’s way by means of prudent land-use decisions. Restricting land use can be difficult under the pressures of growth and development. California code exploits knowledge that the cost to adequately protect public safety can influence the type of development that is feasible when considering occupancy (high/low density residential, manufacturing, parkland, etc.) and critical function, such as the need to maintain essential services (police, fire, hospitals, emergency operation centers, etc.). Experience in California demonstrates that a combination of education, outreach, and mutually supporting policies that are linked to state-designated natural hazard zones can form an effective framework for enhancing the role of land-use planning in reducing future losses from natural disasters.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Pandemic: The Impact on the Zonal Blood Service of a Developing Country

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
O.D. Damulak ◽  
M.D. Lugos ◽  
Z. Ayuba ◽  
V.T. Ma’an ◽  
E.D. Jatau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Il Y A ◽  
Transfusion Sanguine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has affected all facets of life, sparing no country or continent. Its impacts on the health care system ofnations have been unprecedented, overwhelming in most developed and developing nations.Aims and objectives: This study sought to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the zonal blood service in North-CentralNigeria.Methods: Registers of the donor clinic and laboratory departments of the North-Central zonal blood service in Jos were reviewed fromFebruary to April 2020, for the number of blood drives fixed and carried out, number of people sensitised, number of donors recruited,counselled, deferred, bled and failed bleed. The unit screened for Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTIs), expired and units returned fromhospitals and hospitals that accessed blood were determined and compared with that of the same period in the preceding year. The trend of theTTIs screening outcome of blood units collected during COVID-19 outbreak was also evaluated.Results: COVID-19 pandemic had both negative and positive impacts on the blood service in North-Central Nigeria. There was reduction inblood drive fixtures, executions, number of donors counselled, donations, number of first time donors, units screened, hospitals served, and thenumber of safe units issued. However, repeat donations, failed bleed, crude transfusion transmissible infections rate, returned and expired unitsincreased. The trend of Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTIs) outcome of units collected during COVID-19 pandemic improved towardssafety. Keywords: Impact, Coronavirus, Pandemic, Blood, Service, Transfusion French Title: Pandémie à coronavirus: l'impact sur le service de sang de zone d'un pays en développement Introduction: La pandémie de COVID-19 a touché toutes les facettes de la vie, n'épargnant aucun pays ni continent. Ses impacts sur le système de santé des pays ont été sans précédent, et accablants dans la plupart des pays développés ou en développement.Objectifs: Cette étude a cherché à déterminer l'impact de la pandémie à COVID-19 sur le service de sang de zone dans le Centre-nord du Nigéria. Méthodes: Les registres du département en charge de la gestin du donneur de sang et des services de laboratoire du service de sang de zone duCentre-nord de Jos ont été examinés de février à avril 2020, pour le nombre de collectes de sang effectuées, le nombre de personnes sensibilisées, le nombre de donneurs recrutés, conseillés, ajournés, prélevés. Les poches de sang testées pour le dépistage des infections transmissibles par la transfusion (ITT), périmées et les unités retournées des hôpitaux et des hôpitaux ayant eu accès au sang ont été déterminées et comparées à celle de la même période de l'année précédente. La tendance du résultat du dépistage des ITT des unités de sang prélevées pendant l'éclosion de COVID-19 a également été évaluée.Résultats: La pandémie de COVID-19 a eu des impacts négatifs et positifs sur les services de transfusion sanguine dans le centre-nord du Nigéria. Il y a eu une réduction des installations de collecte de sang, des exécutions, du nombre de donneurs conseillés, des dons, du nombre de premiers donneurs, des unités dépistées, des hôpitaux desservis et du nombre d'unités sûres délivrées. Cependant, les dons répétés, les échecs de  prélèvement, le taux brut d'infections transmissibles par transfusion, les unités retournées et expirées ont augmenté. La tendance des résultats des infections transmissibles par transfusion (ITT) des unités collectées pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 s'est améliorée vers la sécurité.Conclusion: la pandémie de COVID-19 a augmenté les activités de collecte de sang en salle dans le centre-nord du Nigéria, accompagnées d'une rétention accrue des donneurs et de la sécurité transfusionnelle. Mots clés: Impact, Coronavirus, Pandémie, Sang, Service, Transfusion

scholarly journals Happy New Year! Do New Year’s Eve Festivities Influence the Workload of the Emergency Department of an Urban Hospital?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s133-s134
Author(s):  
Annelies Scholliers ◽  
Stefan Gogaert ◽  
Dimitri De Fré ◽  
Inge D’haese ◽  
Carine Vandycke
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Young Males ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Risk Mitigation Strategies ◽  
New Year’S Eve ◽  
The Impact

Introduction:Bruges is the largest city in the province of West-Flanders in Belgium. Because of its ample canals, it is sometimes referred to as “Venice of the North.” As such, it is a major tourist destination, and during New Year’s Eve, there are many festivities. The AZ Sint-Jan is the largest hospital providing medical care to the area.Aim:To examine the impact of the New Year’s Eve festivities on the workload of the emergency department of AZ Sint-Jan.Methods:Data was analyzed for every patient presenting to the emergency department from the 31st of December starting from 06:00 PM until the 1st of January 08:00 AM from 2009 until 2018. The time of entry, type of injury, gender, age, and whether the patient was intoxicated were evaluated. Ten other dates in this time period were obtained for comparison via a random date generator. Data were analyzed using Jasp©.Results:There were 826 patients included for analysis. On average, 41 patients presented themselves to the emergency department on New Year’s Eve between 06:00 PM and 08:00 AM. On a random day, there were only 31 patients. Most of the patients on New Year’s Eve arrived between 00:00 AM and 08:00 AM. 57% of all patients were male. 22% of all patients were intoxicated with alcohol. From 00:00 AM until 08:00 AM, one in three patients were intoxicated. The average age on admission was 36 years.Discussion:During New Year’s Eve there is a consistently higher workload in the emergency department. There is an influx of young males who are intoxicated. These patients tend to stay a long time to “sleep it off” and put considerable stress on the available resources. More attention should be given to risk mitigation strategies tailored to this group to prevent excessive drinking.

A preliminary archaeological survey of Camp Wellman at Virgohamn, Danskøya, Svalbard

Polar Record ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (175) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Capelotti
Keyword(s):  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
The North ◽  
Base Camp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTBetween 1894 and 1909, Walter Wellman (1858–1934), a Chicago-based journalist and explorer, organized and led five expeditions to reach the North Pole. Wellman launched his most ambitious undertaking in 1906, constructing an extensive base camp complete with an airship hangar on the shoreline of Virgohamn, a small harbor on Danskøya in the Svalbard archipelago. In 1907 and 1909, Wellman's two flights in the dirigible airship America marked the first time a motorized airship had flown in the Arctic. In the summer of 1993, the author surveyed and mapped the extent of the remains of Wellman's camp to discover and document any surviving wreckage of America, and to observe the impact of tourist traffic on the site. This paper describes the 1993 survey of Wellman's base camp at Virgohamn and offers suggestions for its preservation.

Characterization and evolution of spearfishing in Madeira archipelago, Eastern Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Roi Martínez-Escauriaza ◽  
Claudio Vieira ◽  
Lídia Gouveia ◽  
Nuno Gouveia ◽  
Margarida Hermida
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
The North ◽  
Southeast Coast ◽  
Madeira Archipelago ◽  
First Time

Data obtained from licenses of spearfishers and surveys conducted in 2004 and 2017 allowed for the analysis, for the first time, of the practice of spearfishing in the Madeira archipelago. Only a small percentage of the population practices spearfishing, mostly local young men. Most of them practice the activity with a partner throughout most of the year and along most of the island's coastal areas, although preferentially along the North and Southeast coast. Results show how, in recent years, despite the population of spearfishers decreasing, the abundance in the annual catch potentially increased, probably due to the higher investment of time in this activity. It has been observed that many fishers complement their catches with manual collecting of invertebrates. Overall, 40 teleost fishes and also 4 crustaceans and 8 molluscs were identified. The most frequently captured fish species were parrotfish and white seabream, while limpets were the most collected invertebrates in both selected periods.

Sphagnum mosses (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) of mires Chefandzar and Masota in North Ossetia (Caucasus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Doroshina ◽  
I. A. Nikolajev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Ossetia

Sphagnum mires on the Greater Caucasus are rare, characterized by the presence of relict plant communities of glacial age and are in a stage of degradation. The study of Sphagnum of Chefandzar and Masota mires is carried out for the first time. Seven species of Sphagnum are recorded. Their distribution and frequency within the North Caucasus are analyzed. Sphagnum contortum, S. platyphyllum, S. russowii, S. squarrosum are recorded for the first time for the study area and for the flora of North Ossetia. The other mosses found in the study area are listed.

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