scholarly journals Ο ρόλος της παχυσαρκίας στην ανοσολογική απάντηση ασθενών με σύνδρομο σήψης

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αναστασία Κολυβά
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Σκοπός: Η σήψη αποτελεί μια από τις σημαντικότερες αιτίες νοσηλείας και θνησιμότητας στον ανεπτυγμένο κόσμο, όπου σχεδόν τα δύο - τρίτα του πληθυσμού υποφέρουν από παχυσαρκία. Σαν αποτέλεσμα, η συνύπαρξη των δύο αυτών καταστάσεων έχει γίνει όλο και συχνότερη στην κλινική πράξη και ένας συνεχώς αυξανόμενος αριθμός κλινικών μελετών προσπαθεί να προσεγγίσει την πιθανή επίδραση της παχυσαρκίας στην νοσηρότητα και θνησιμότητα των ασθενών με σήψη, με έως τώρα αντιφατικά αποτελέσματα. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι να διερευνήσει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο η παχυσαρκία επηρεάζει την ανοσιακή απάντηση των σηπτικών ασθενών, εκτιμώντας τον αριθμό και την κατάσταση ενεργοποίησης των μακροφάγων του λιπώδους ιστού, τα επίπεδα του TNFα στον ορό και στον λιπώδη ιστό και δείκτες οξειδωτικού stress στο πλάσμα.Ασθενείς και Μέθοδοι: Μελετήθηκαν 106 ασθενείς, οι οποίοι χωρίστηκαν σε τέσσερις ομάδες (Ελέγχου n=26, Παχυσαρκίας n=27, Σήψης n=27, Σήψης & Παχυσαρκίας n=26). Ο αριθμός των μακροφάγων στο υποδόριο και ενδοκοιλιακό λίπος και οι υπότυποί τους (M1 και M2) αναγνωρίστηκαν με ανοσοϊστοχημική τεχνική υπό μικροσκόπηση. Τα επίπεδα του TNFα mRNA στο υποδόριο και ενδοκοιλιακό λίπος μετρήθηκαν με real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Στον ορό τα επίπεδα του TNFα μετρήθηκαν με sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Το οξειδωτικό stress στο πλάσμα εκτιμήθηκε χρησιμοποιώντας επιλεγμένους βιοδείκτες [TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances), Πρωτεϊνικά Καρβονύλια, TAC (total antioxidant capacity)].Αποτελέσματα: Παρατηρήθηκε ότι η σήψη αυξάνει τον ολικό αριθμό και τον Μ2 υπότυπο των μακροφάγων στο ενδοκοιλιακό λίπος, ενώ η παχυσαρκία δεν φάνηκε να επηρεάζει τη συγκέντρωση των μακροφάγων στο λίπος. Η παχυσαρκία βρέθηκε ότι αυξάνει τα επίπεδα του TNFα mRNA (P<0.05) στο ενδοκοιλιακό λίπος καθώς επίσης και τα επίπεδα των TBARS (P<0.001) και Πρωτεϊνικών Καρβονυλίων (P<0.001) στο πλάσμα των σηπτικών ασθενών. Τα επίπεδα της TAC στο πλάσμα βρέθηκε ότι μειώνονται και τα επίπεδα TNFα στον ορό ότι αυξάνονται με τη σήψη, ενώ δεν επηρεάζονταν από την παχυσαρκία. Συμπεράσματα: Η παχυσαρκία σχετίζεται με αυξημένη παραγωγή TNFα στον λιπώδη ιστό και αύξηση του οξειδωτικού stress, προάγοντας την προ-φλεγμονώδη απάντηση στους σηπτικούς ασθενείς.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay for Quantification of Gamma Interferon mRNA To Diagnose Tuberculosis in Multiple Animal Species

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1563-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel P. Harrington ◽  
Om P. Surujballi ◽  
W. Ray Waters ◽  
John F. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis of free-ranging and captive wildlife, including species implicated in the maintenance and transmission of Mycobacterium bovis, is a difficult disease to diagnose and control. Historically, diagnosis of tuberculosis has relied largely upon assays of cell-mediated immunity (CMI), such as tuberculin skin testing. This approach, however, is problematic or impractical for use with many wildlife species. Increasingly, in vitro diagnostic tests, including gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-based assays, are replacing or complementing skin testing of cattle and humans. Analogous assays are unavailable for most wildlife because of a lack of species-specific immunological reagents. This report describes the development and validation of a whole-blood assay to quantify antigen-specific IFN-γ mRNA expression by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Oligonucleotide primers and probes were designed and tested for reactivity towards several susceptible species of interest with respect to tuberculosis infection. The assay was subsequently optimized to quantify the IFN-γ mRNA expression in elk and red deer (Cervus elaphus) and was evaluated for its ability to detect mycobacterial antigen-specific responses of experimentally tuberculosis-infected animals. The assay was a simple, rapid, and sensitive measure of antigen-specific CMI. The IFN-γ mRNA responses correlated well with IFN-γ protein production and showed performance in determining an animal's infection status superior to that of either lymphocyte proliferation or IFN-γ protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. An additional advantage is the ease with which the assay can be modified to reliably quantify IFN-γ expression by using consensus sequences of closely related species or of other species for which IFN-γ sequence information is available.

scholarly journals Effect on Adipose Tissue of Diabetic Mice Supplemented with n-3 Fatty Acids Extracted from Microalgae

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Gutiérrez-Pliego ◽  
Beatriz E. Martínez-Carrillo ◽  
Aldo A. Reséndiz-Albor ◽  
Roxana Valdés-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Modified Diet

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is considered a chronic noncommunicable disease in which oxidative stress is expected as a result of hyperglycaemia. One of the most recent approaches is the study of microalgae fatty acids and their possible antioxidant effect. Objective: This study aimed to analyse the effect of supplementation with n-3 fatty acids extracted from microalgae on the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation of adipose tissue and plasma from diabetic (db/db) and healthy (CD1) mice. Methods: Mice were supplemented with lyophilized n-3 fatty acids extracted from microalgae or added to the diet, from week 8 to 16. TAC assay and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances assay (TBARS) were performed on adipose tissue and plasma samples. Results: The supplementation of lyophilized n-3 fatty acids from microalgae increased the total antioxidant capacity in adipose tissue of diabetic mice (615.67μM Trolox equivalents vs 405.02μM Trolox equivalents from control mice, p<0.01) and in the plasma of healthy mice (1132.97±85.75μM Trolox equivalents vs 930.64±32μM Trolox equivalents from modified diet mice, p<0.01). There was no significant effect on lipid peroxidation on both strains. Conclusions:: The use of n-3 fatty acids extracted from microalgae could be a useful strategy to improve total antioxidant capacity in T2DM.

scholarly journals Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Analysis Reveals Stable and Prolonged Neurotoxin Cluster Gene Activity in a Clostridium botulinum Type E Strain at Refrigeration Temperature

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (19) ◽  
pp. 6132-6137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Hannu Korkeala ◽  
Jere Lind�n ◽  
Miia Lindstr�m
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT The relative expression levels of six botulinum neurotoxin cluster genes in a group II Clostridium botulinum type E strain grown at 10 or 30�C were investigated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to confirm neurotoxin expression. Distinct mRNA and toxin production patterns were observed at the two temperatures. The average relative mRNA levels at 10�C were higher than (ntnh and p47), similar to (botE), or lower than (orfx1, orfx2, orfx3) those at 30�C. The maximum botE expression levels and average neurotoxin levels at 10�C were 45 to 65% of those at 30�C. The relative mRNA levels at 10�C declined generally slowly within 8 days, as opposed to the rapid decline observed at 30�C within 24 h. Distinct expression patterns of the six genes at the two temperatures suggest that the type E neurotoxin cluster genes are transcribed as two tricistronic operons at 30�C, whereas at 10�C monocistronic (botE or orfx1 alone) and bicistronic (ntnh-p47 and orfx2-orfx3) transcription may dominate. Thus, type E botulinum neurotoxin production may be involved with various temperature-dependent regulatory events. In light of group II C. botulinum type E being a dangerous food-borne pathogen, these findings may be important in terms of the safety of refrigerated packaged foods of extended durability.

scholarly journals Distribution of Rotavirus VP4 Genotypes and VP7 Serotypes among Nonhospitalized and Hospitalized Patients with Gastroenteritis and Patients with Nosocomially Acquired Gastroenteritis in Austria

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1804-1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Frühwirth ◽  
S. Brösl ◽  
H. Ellemunter ◽  
I. Moll-Schüler ◽  
A. Rohwedder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Stool Specimens

To assess the potential benefits of a reassortant tetravalent rotavirus vaccine, we investigated stool specimens from children in three different groups by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for rotavirus G and P types: (i) children not hospitalized with community-acquired rotavirus-acute gastroenteritis (RV-AGE), (ii) children hospitalized for RV-AGE, and (iii) children with nosocomially acquired RV-AGE. From a total of 553 samples investigated, 335 were positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, of which 294 (88%) were positive by RT-PCR. Among the RT-PCR-positive samples, the predominant types were G1P[8] (84%), followed by G4P[8] (9%) and G3P[8] (2%). No differences between the three groups were observed, suggesting that community vaccination will diminish the most cost-relevant cases of hospitalizations and nosocomial infections.

scholarly journals A Comparative Investigation on Egg Yolk Total Antioxidant Capacity Influencing Relativities to Mycotoxins - Ochratoxins

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 700-704
Author(s):  
Davar Kazemi ◽  
Arash Chaychi Nosrati ◽  
Leila Modiri ◽  
Ali Shahriyari
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Food And Feed

BACKGROUND Ochratoxins include a family of toxic secondary metabolites produced by several species of fungi of the genus aspergillus and penicillium. Mycotoxins1 are important environmental pollutants that can be generated in a variety of food and feed components. Nowadays, most mycotoxins can be identified at an acceptable level in terms of legal, veterinary and medical needs. We wanted to compare the egg yolk total antioxidant capacity relativities to mycotoxins ochratoxins (OTA) to determine surges in side effects of human consumption. METHODS Samples were tested by the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits according to the kit’s instructions. Finally, the collected data was analysed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics (contamination ratio, mean and standard deviation) and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS Ochratoxin in all egg yolk samples of the studied 34 brands showed a minimum of 23.17 ppb and a maximum of 252.80 ppb. OTA residues indicate high risk levels to consumers. CONCLUSIONS According to the results, the transfer of mycotoxin metabolites to eggs has been in greater possibilities; therefore, control of mycotoxin contamination in laying hen diets and surveys in food and feed in intense risks is recommended to avoid the presence of mycotoxins in eggs intended for human consumption. KEY WORDS Mycotoxin, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), OTA, Egg Yolk

scholarly journals Risk of Endothelial Dysfunction and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Seafarers During an Arctic Voyage

2021 ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Nadezda A. Vorob’eva ◽  
◽  
Alena I. Vorob’eva ◽  
Anastasiya A. Marusiy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Point ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Among other areas of research, clinical medicine studies the adaptation mechanisms of the vascular endothelium to the extreme conditions of the Arctic. This paper dwells on the possible relationship of the development of endothelial dysfunction and the antioxidant system with modifiable risk factors during a short translatitudinal voyage in the Arctic. The study involved 32 crew members of the research vessel Mikhail Somov during the TransArctic–2019 research expedition. Venous blood sampling was carried out before the voyage at the zero point (Arkhangelsk, 64°33’N 40°32’E) and at the highest point of the expedition (Hayes Island, 80°34’N 57°41’E). Endothelin-1 concentration and serum total antioxidant capacity were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found statistically significant differences (Student’s t-test: t = –3.6532; df = 31; p < 0.001) in endothelin-1 concentration at the zero point (4.79 ± 2.10 pg/ml) and high point (7.02 ± 2.42 pg/ml), which indicates vasoconstriction, i.e. the first signs of the formation of vascular endothelium maladaptation. In 84.4 % of the crew members at the high point we detected high total antioxidant capacity, which can indicate compensation of antioxidant defence mechanisms. Noteworthy, serum total antioxidant capacity in smokers was statistically significantly higher than in non-smokers. Moreover, the predominance of high antioxidant activity among the crew members points to an increased oxidative load on the sailors’ body having to neutralize the excess amount of reactive oxygen species. For citation: Vorob’eva N.A., Vorob’eva A.I., Marusiy A.A. Risk of Endothelial Dysfunction and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Seafarers During an Arctic Voyage. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 192–200. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z057

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