scholarly journals Συγκριτική μελέτη των ομφαλικών αρχέγονων μεσεγχυματικών κυττάρων από τη γέλη του Wharton, σε σχέση με τα μυελικά αρχέγονα μεσεγχυματικά κύτταρα

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αριστέα Μπάτσαλη
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Stromal Cell Derived Factor

Συνεχώς αυξανόμενο είναι το ενδιαφέρον για τη χρήση των αρχέγονων μεσεγχυματικών κυττάρων (Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells–MSCs) σε κλινικές εφαρμογές. Το ενδεχόμενο MSCs από ποικίλες πηγές να ικανοποιούν διαφορετικές κλινικές εφαρμογές μας ώθησε στην παρούσα μελέτη. Έτσι πραγματοποίησαμε μια συγκριτική μελέτη των βιολογικών ιδιοτήτων MSCs προερχόμενων από τη γέλη του Wharton (Wharton’s Jelly–WJ), την πιο πλούσια πηγή MSCs του ομφαλίου λώρου, και MSCs από τον μυελό των οστών (Bone Marrow–BM), του πιο εκτενώς μελετημένου πληθυσμού μεσεγχυματικών κυττάρων.Στη διάρκεια της μελέτης, MSCs απομονώθηκαν από τον μυελό αιματολογικά υγιών δοτών (n=18) και από τη γέλη του Wharton νεογνών πλήρους κυήσεως (n=18).Τα MSCs καλλιεργήθηκαν ex vivo για συνολικά δέκα ανακαλλιέργειες (Passage–P)υπό τις ίδιες συνθήκες. Σε παράλληλα πειράματα μελετήθηκαν τα ανοσοφαινοτυπικά χαρακτηριστικά των κυττάρων καθώς και χαρακτηριστικά που αφορούν την επιβίωση και την κυτταρική γήρανση όπως το δυναμικό πολλαπλασιασμού και η κατανομή τούς στον κυτταρικό κύκλο. Επιπλέον εκτιμήθηκε η έκφραση γονιδίων που σχετίζονται με τα σηματοδοτικά μονοπάτια του Wnt και του κυτταρικού κύκλου, ενώ πραγματοποιήθηκε και κυτταρογενετική ανάλυση των ex vivo καλλιεργούμενων MSCs ώστε να εκτιμηθεί η γενωμική τούς σταθερότητα.Επιπροσθέτως, μελετήθηκε η ικανότητα των MSCs, και από τις δύο πηγές, να υποστηρίζουν την ανάπτυξη αρχέγονων αιμοποιητικών κυττάρων, εκτιμώντας τη κλωνογονική ικανότητα των μη-προσκολλούμενων κυττάρων (Non Adherent Cells–NACs) σε συν‐καλλιέργειες φυσιολογικών CD34+ κυττάρων, με BM-MSCs ή WJMSCs.Επίσης μετρήθηκαν τα επίπεδα κυτταροκινών που σχετίζονται με την αιμοποίηση στα υπερκείμενα των MSC καλλιεργειών. Τέλος, εκτιμήθηκε η ικανότητα διαφοροποίησης των MSCs προς λιποκύτταρα και οστεοκύτταρα καθώς και η επίδραση των σχετιζόμενων με το Wnt-μονοπάτι μορίων WISP1 και sFRP4 στο δυναμικό διαφοροποίησης των WJ- MSCs.Από την ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων φάνηκε πως και οι δυο exvivo καλλιεργούμενοι MSC πληθυσμοί (BM-MSCs ή WJ-MSCs) εμφανίζουν παρόμοια μορφολογικά και ανοσοφαινοτυπικά χαρακτηριστικά. Επιπλέον δεν διέφεραν ως προς χαρακτηριστικά επιβίωσης και κυτταρικής γήρανσης, ενώ φάνηκε να φέρουν γενετικές αλλαγές σε πολύ χαμηλή συχνότητα στη διάρκεια των ανακαλλιεργειών. Τα WJ-MSCsεμφάνισαν υψηλότερο δυναμικό πολλαπλασιασμού, πιθανότατα λόγω ενεργοποίησης γονιδίων που διεγείρουν τον κυτταρικό πολλαπλασιασμό και ταυτόχρονης υποέκφρασης γονιδίων που αναστέλλουν τον κυτταρικό κύκλο. Ωστόσο, τα WJMSCsπαρουσίασαν μειωμένη ενδογενή δέσμευση προς κάποια σειρά (lineagepriming)καθώς και μειωμένη ικανότητα διαφοροποίησης προς οστεοκύτταρα και λιποκύτταρα, συγκριτικά με τα BM-MSCs. Το παραπάνω εύρημα συσχετίστηκε με τη διαφορετική έκφραση μορίων που σχετίζονται με το Wnt-σηματοδοτικό μονοπάτι,περιλαμβανομένων των WISP1 και sFRP4, και διερευνήθηκε αντιστοίχως η εμπλοκήτου καθενός μορίου στη διαφοροποίηση των WJ-MSCs. Μάλιστα χορήγηση των ανασυνδιασμένων ανθρώπινων πρωτεϊνών WISP1 και sFRP4 στα καλλιεργούμενα WJ-MSCs οδήγησε σε επαγωγή και βελτίωση της οστεογενετικής και λιπογενετικής ικανότητας των κυττάρων, αντιστοίχως. Τέλος, τα WJ-MSCs εμφάνισαν μειωμένη ικανότητα να υποστηρίζουν την αιμοποίηση σε σχέση με τα ομολογά τους μυελικά, πιθανότατα εξαιτίας της μειωμένης παραγωγής του παράγοντα του«στρώματος» SDF-1α (stromal cell-derived factor-1α).Συμπερασματικά τα μέχρι στιγμής δεδομένα συμβάλλουν στον καλύτερο χαρακτηρισμό των WJ-MSCs και των BM-MSCs αναδεικνύοντας τις ιδιαίτερες βιολογικές τους ιδιότητες, που θα πρέπει να λαμβάνονται υπόψιν κατά την επιλογή της καλύτερης πηγής MSCs για καθεμιά κλινική εφαρμογή.

Comparison of chemokine and receptor gene expression between Wharton's jelly and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells

Cytotherapy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudha Balasubramanian ◽  
Parvathy Venugopal ◽  
Swathi Sundarraj ◽  
Zubaidah Zakaria ◽  
Anish Sen Majumdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Receptor Gene Expression

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from whole human umbilical cord exhibit similar properties to those derived from Wharton's jelly and bone marrow

FEBS Open Bio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1054-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Mennan ◽  
Sharon Brown ◽  
Helen McCarthy ◽  
Eleni Mavrogonatou ◽  
Dimitris Kletsas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Wharton's Jelly

scholarly journals Bone marrow stromal cell transplantation ameliorates cytopenia caused by depletion FAP-α expressing cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Camarillo-Retamosa ◽  
Luke Watson ◽  
Paul Loftus ◽  
Senthil Alagesan ◽  
Yvonne O’Donoghue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitors ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Redundant Component

AbstractThe marrow microenvironment is a complex and heterogeneous mixture of hematopoietic and stromal progenitors necessary for haematopoiesis. Whilst the hematopoietic progenitors are well described, the stromal cellular composition is not fully elucidated due to the low cells numbers, localisation-distribution-accessibility, and the lack of specific biomarkers. Cellular taxonomy studies have recently identified new populations of stromal subsets with distinct gene signature and regulatory properties of hematopoietic regeneration. Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP), a stromal cell type first identified in cancer is also rarely found in normal tissues but might play an essential role in tissue homeostasis. Using FAPDM2 transgenic mouse in which FAP-expressing cells can be ablated with Diphtheria Toxin (DTX) FAP+ cells were depleted in healthy mice. Whilst FAP+ cells constituted 5% of all marrow cells; its ablation caused a rapid loss of PDGFR-α, Leptin-R, gp38 and SDC2 stromal cells populations, endothelial cells and vascular disruption. These resulted in anaemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia in peripheral blood (PB) and extreme hypo-cellularity in marrow with abnormalities within the hematopoietic progenitors. In an effort to reverse the phenotypes caused by FAP+ cell loss, a single intravenous injection of syngeneic bone marrow-derived stromal cells was administered. In a short-term evaluation, anaemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia ameliorated in PB and the numbers of marrow hematopoietic progenitors increased. Our data suggest FAP-expressing cells are a non-redundant component of the marrow microenvironment, necessary for marrow homeostasis and haematopoiesis. These data also provided evidence that stromal cell ablation can be rescued by stromal cell therapy.Significance StatementFAP-expressing cells depletion led to collateral damage in PB and marrow, including haematological defects that can be ameliorated by adoptive transfer of low-dose, ex-vivo expanded FAP-expressing marrow stromal cells. We suggest that stromal cell loss is a feature of severe immune-mediated inflammatory diseases – such as Graft versus Host Disease and sepsis - and that FAPDM2 model represents a novel tool to explore the native function of the recently identified stromal cell sub-populations.

Cell Therapy in a Mouse Model of Immune-Mediated Bone Marrow Failure.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1689-1689
Author(s):  
Jichun Chen ◽  
Neal S. Young
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells

Abstract Immune-mediated bone marrow (BM) failure has been modeled in the mouse by infusion of lymph node cells from allogeneic C57BL/6 (B6) donors into major or minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched recipients (Chen et al., Blood 2004; Bloom et al., Exp Hematol 2004, Chen et al., J Immunol 2007). Co-infusion of limited numbers of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) can alleviate clinical manifestations by suppressing the expansion of pathogenic T cells (Chen et al., J Immunol 2007). In the current study, we investigated the effectiveness of Tregs and suppressor cells contained in BM stroma in this fatal disease. Infusion of fewer than 3 × 103 Tregs to each recipient mouse had only a minor effect in preserving BM cells and did not prevent pancytopenia. Fifteen-50 × 103 thymic Tregs was moderately protective: blood WBC, RBC, platelet and BM cell counts at three weeks after cell infusion were 197%, 116%, 155% and 158% of those of control animals that did not receive Treg infusion; 5–10 × 103 B6 splenic Tregs produced the largest effect as WBC, RBC, platelet and BM cell counts were 275%, 143%, 276%, and 198% of controls. Overall, Treg therapy was helpful but its effectiveness was limited and variable among individual recipients as no antigen-specific Tregs can be identified for the treatment of BM failure. Learned about the immunosuppressive effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), we went on to test the effectiveness of stromal cells as another therapeutic modality for BM failure, since stromal cells contain MSCs. These cells were derived from B6 BM by culture in α-modified Eagle medium at 33°C with 5% CO2 for two weeks. After separating the non-adherent cells, we detached the adherent stromal cells and infused them into TBI + B6 LN-infused C.B10 mice. Injection of 106 stromal cells at the time of LN cell infusion effectively preserved WBCs (3.09 ± 0.51 vs 0.61 ± 0.18), RBCs (8.72 ± 0.14 vs 3.52 ± 0.46), platelets (924 ± 93 vs 147 ± 25) and BM cells (186.6 ± 8.7 vs 52.7 ± 7.8) when compared to LN-cell-infused mice without stromal cell addition. Delayed stromal cell injection at day 9 after LN cell infusion had only a mild effect on the preservation of RBCs (147%), platelets (276%) and BM cells (223%) and no effect on WBCs (64%), and infusion of non-adherent cells from the same stromal cell culture had no therapeutic effect. Stromal cell-infused mice had higher proportion of FoxP3+CD4+ cells in the peripheral blood (59.7 ± 10.7% vs 29.8 ± 5.4%) and more Lin−CD117+CD34− hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the BM (591 ± 95 vs 60 ± 43, thousand) in comparison to LN cell infused mice without stromal cell treatment. Mitigation of pathogenic T cells, including both CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes, is the potential mechanism for the effectiveness of Treg and stromal cell therapies that helped to protect hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the BM of affected animals. Figure Figure

scholarly journals RhoA and Rac1 GTPases play major and differential roles in stromal cell–derived factor-1–induced cell adhesion and chemotaxis in multiple myeloma

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Kareem Azab ◽  
Feda Azab ◽  
Simona Blotta ◽  
Costas M. Pitsillides ◽  
Brian Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Stromal Cell Derived Factor

Abstract The interaction of multiple myeloma (MM) cells with the bone marrow (BM) milieu plays a crucial role in MM pathogenesis. Stromal cell–derived factor-1 (SDF1) regulates homing of MM cells to the BM. In this study, we examined the role of RhoA and Rac1 GTPases in SDF1-induced adhesion and chemotaxis of MM. We found that both RhoA and Rac1 play key roles in SDF1-induced adhesion of MM cells to BM stromal cells, whereas RhoA was involved in chemotaxis and motility. Furthermore, both ROCK and Rac1 inhibitors reduced SDF1-induced polymerization of actin and activation of LIMK, SRC, FAK, and cofilin. Moreover, RhoA and Rac1 reduced homing of MM cells to BM niches. In conclusion, we characterized the role of RhoA and Rac1 GTPases in SDF1-induced adhesion, chemotaxis, and homing of MM cells to the BM, providing the framework for targeting RhoA and Rac1 GTPases as novel MM therapy.

scholarly journals Hydrocortisone differentially affects the ability of murine stromal cells and human marrow-derived adherent cells to promote the differentiation of CD34++/CD38- long-term culture-initiating cells

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 4116-4124 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Croisille ◽  
I Auffray ◽  
A Katz ◽  
B Izac ◽  
W Vainchenker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Long Term Culture ◽  
Bone Marrow Cultures ◽  
Stromal Cell Line ◽  
Clonogenic Cells

Very primitive human hematopoietic progenitor cells are identified indirectly by their ability to give rise to clonogenic progenitors in the presence of either human or murine stromal cells. These long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) assays are usually performed in the presence of hydrocortisone based on the initial observation that hydrocortisone was required for prolonged hematopoiesis in standard long-term bone marrow cultures. In this report, we investigated the role of hydrocortisone in LTC-IC assays initiated with CD34++/CD38- cells seeded onto either human bone marrow LTC-derived adherent cells or a murine marrow-derived stromal cell line, MS-5. It was found that weekly addition of hydrocortisone to the cultures reduced the frequency of LTC-IC (from 1/5 to 1/20) calculated from limiting dilution experiments and also reduced fivefold to 10-fold the number of their progeny clonogenic cells detected after 4 to 5 weeks. In contrast, the frequency and differentiative potential of CD34++/CD38- grown in the presence of human marrow feeders was unaltered by the addition of glucocorticoids. Data are consistent with the hypothesis that hydrocortisone inhibited LTC-IC differentiation by downregulating the expression of a synergistic factor produced by MS-5 cells. (1) In the absence of hydrocortisone, the number of clonogenic progenitors generated by LTC-IC was much higher in cultures seeded on MS-5 than in cultures seeded on human marrow adherent cells, which was also true when cytokines were added to the cocultures. However, based on the phenotype of the colonies, progenitors produced in MS-5 cocultures were more mature than those generated on human marrow adherent cells. (2) Hydrocortisone counteracted the stimulatory effect of recombinant human cytokines (interleukin-3, interleukin-6, and steel factor) in assays performed on MS-5 but not on human marrow feeders. (3) Hydrocortisone led to a 50% decrease in the numbers of colony-forming units- granulocyte-macrophage found in methycellulose colony assays of CD34++/CD38- cells performed in the presence of MS-5 cells. Taken together, our results indicate that hydrocortisone acts differently on a murine stromal cell line and on marrow-derived human stromal cells and may suppress the expression by MS-5 cells of an activity selectively promoting amplification of clonogenic cells derived from primitive LTC-IC.

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