scholarly journals New vaccination protocols for the dog and cat: the challenge of today for a better and safer prevention

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
M. E. MYLONAKIS (Μ.Ε. ΜΥΛΩΝΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
A. F. KOUTINAS (Α.Φ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ) ◽  
M. SARIDOMICHELAKIS (Μ. ΣΑΡΙΔΟΜΙΧΕΛΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
C. K. KOUTINAS (Χ.Κ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ) ◽  
N. SOUBASIS (Ν. ΣΟΥΜΠΑΣΗΣ) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Preventive Health Care ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Vaccinations are an integral part of a comprehensive preventive health care program targeting to minimize the incidence of major canine and feline infectious diseases. Currently, vaccination practices are re-evaluated globally towards a twofold objective: to strengthen "herd immunity", which depends on the percentage of vaccinated animals in a population, and to reduce the "vaccine load" per animal in order to minimize the vaccine-associated adverse reactions. To this end, the updated canine and feline vaccination guidelines, encourage the vaccination of as many animals as possible, while at the same time classify the vaccines into core, non-core and not recommended. Core vaccines should be administered, if possible, to every dog and cat.Canine parvovirus-2, canine adenovirus-2, canine distemper virus, feline parvovirus, feline calicivirus/herpesvirus-1 and rabies vaccines fall into this category. Non-core vaccines are selectively given to dogs and cats after assessing the risk/benefit ratio. There are also vaccines for which there is currently no sufficient scientific evidence to justify their use. Importantly, after the one-year booster inoculation that follows the completion of the initial puppy/kitten vaccination series, core vaccines should be given no more frequently than every three years, as the duration of the protective immunity far exceeds this time interval. This review focuses on the updated canine and feline vaccination guidelines pertaining to the individual animal as well as to those living in groups. Important questions related to vaccination programs and to relevant adverse reactions are also answered. An effort has been made to align these guidelines according to what is considered a "norm" among the small amimal practitioners in Greece.

Group Versus Individual Cognitive Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Changes in Severity at Post-Treatment and One-Year Follow-up

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Cabedo ◽  
Amparo Belloch ◽  
Carmen Carrió ◽  
Christina Larsson ◽  
Héctor Fernández-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Group Cbt

Background: Very few studies have compared the efficacy of individual and group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) by taking into consideration the change in OCD severity in both the short and long term. Aims: To conduct an open trial of individual versus group CBT for OCD, comparing the clinical and statistically significant changes in severity both at post-treatment and one year later. Method: Forty-two OCD subjects were assigned to individual (n = 18) or group CBT (n = 24, in four groups). Sixteen and 22 subjects completed the treatment in the individual and group conditions, respectively. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was recorded at pre-treatment, post-treatment and at the one-year follow-up. Results: At the end of treatment, the clinically significant change was comparable for the two treatment conditions and remained stable at the one-year follow-up. Of the 16 participants who completed the individual CBT treatment, 68.75% were classified as recovered at post-treatment, compared to 40.9% of those receiving group CBT. At follow-up the rate of recovery decreased to 62.5% in individual CBT and to 31.8% in group CBT. Conclusions: Group CBT is effective in decreasing OCD severity. The post-treatment changes were maintained one year later. Nevertheless, these changes were higher in the individual delivery of CBT.

scholarly journals Cossos en reclusió i cavant. Experiències i representacions emblemàtiques sobre la persona

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Jordi Morell Rovira
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Common Practices ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores the relationship of the person with the hole through both literal and metaphorical situations. On the one hand, it points up the body in seclusion and suspended in a time interval, as in the case of the accident at the mine in San José (Chile) or works by artists like J. Wall, G. Schneider or R. Ondák. In this way, opposed feelings evoke the experiences of waiting and/or punishment, which are explanatory of a confined body or a hole. Literature, cinema and art deal with these events from multiple aspects, which become existential allegories about the individual. On the other hand, the act of digging gains prominence as a symbol of work, but also of the absurd. Recalling the ambivalence that may suggest a person making a hole, this article carries out a drift through works by artists of different generations and contexts, such as C. Burden, M. Heizer, F. Miralles, Geliti, S. Sierra, F. Alÿs, M. Salum, X. Ristol or N. Güell. A series of clearly performative or conceptual works, where the act of digging, drilling, burying or unburying become common practices that show the diversity of meanings and intentions.

scholarly journals Εlectrocardiographic and electrophysiological characteristics of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias with acute successful ablation at the anterior portion of the mitral annulus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengye Di ◽  
Konstantinos Letsas ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Qun Wang ◽  
Yanxi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Mitral Annulus ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Abstract Background: We sought to clarify the electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characteristics of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), including idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT) and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), with acute successful radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) at the anterior portion of the mitral annulus (AP-MA).Methods and Results: Among 437 consecutive patients who presented with VAs for RFCA, twenty-six patients with acute successful RFCA at the AP-MA were included in this study. The ratio of the amplitude of the first positive peak (if present) vs. the nadir in the unipolar electrogram (EGM) was 0.00 – 0.03 (0.00) at the acute successful RFCA site. The time interval between the QRS onset to the maximum descending slope (D-Max) in the unipolar EGM (QRS - Uni) were 18.8 ± 13.6 ms. With bipolar mapping, the V-QRS interval was 3.75 – 17.3 (11) ms, 6 (23.1%) patients showed earliest V-QRS interval of 0 ms, and the other 20 patients (76.9%) showed V-QRS interval of 10-54 ms. The RFCA start-to-effect time was 14.1 ± 7.2 seconds in 23 patients (88.5%). In the remaining 3 patients (11.5%), the mean duration of successful RFCA were not well determined due to infrequent nature of clinical VAs during RFCA. Early (within 3 days) and late (one-year) recurrence rates were 23.1% (6 patients) and 26.9% (7 patients), respectively. The VAs disappeared 3 days later due to delayed RFCA efficacy in 2 patients (7.7%). No complications occurred during RFCA or the one-year follow up.Conclusions: AP-MA VAs are a rare but distinct subgroup of VAs. Bipolar and unipolar EGM features can help to detect the optimal RFCA site, and the QRS - Uni interval may work as a marker for guiding RFCA.

scholarly journals Herd immunity: In relation to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 049-055
Author(s):  
Anil Batta
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Community Protection ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Immunity ◽  
Indirect Protection

Herd immunity, also known as indirect protection, community immunity, or community protection, refers to the protection of susceptible individuals against an infection when a sufficiently large proportion of immune individuals exist in a population. In other words, herd immunity is the inability of infected individuals to propagate an epidemic outbreak due to lack of contact with sufficient numbers of susceptible individuals. It stems from the individual immunity that may be gained through natural infection or through vaccination. The term herd immunity was initially introduced more than a century ago. In the latter half of the 20th century, the use of the term became more prevalent with the expansion of immunization programs and the need for describing targets for immunization coverage, discussions on disease eradication, and cost-effectiveness analyses of vaccination programs. Eradication of smallpox and sustained reductions in disease incidence in adults and those who are not vaccinated following routine childhood immunization with conjugated Haemophilusinfluenzae type B and pneumococcal vaccines are successful examples of the effects of vaccine-induced herd immunity.

Reversal of changes in lipoprotein A and lipoprotein B cholesterol during and for a year after a detoxication treatment program in chronic alcoholism.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 874-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Perier ◽  
J Janin ◽  
S Pierre-Louis ◽  
J Frey
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Abstract We studied the individual and occasional changes in lipid metabolism induced by chronic alcohol abuse. In addition, the influence of a detoxication treatment program on the evolutionary changes in some serum lipidic components was studied for a one-year period. Before this program, total cholesterol was above normal, with high values for LP-A cholesterol, whereas for some patients LP-B cholesterol was increased. After the program, there was an increase in total cholesterol, LP-B cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B, with a decrease in LP-A cholesterol. These evolutionary changes continued during the one-year period after the end of the inpatient program.

scholarly journals Berufsspezifische Reflexionsprozesse durch Einzelfallarbeit im Projekt „Schule für alle": Analyse von zwei Praxisberichten mittels der Dokumentarischen Methode

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Reh ◽  
Brigitte Kottmann ◽  
Susanne Miller
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Educational Disadvantage ◽  
Schule Für Alle ◽  
Unique Manner ◽  
Reflection On Action ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

In dem Beitrag wird ausgehend von der Notwendigkeit einer inklusionspädagogischen Professionalisierung im Lehramtsstudium ein erziehungswissenschaftliches Projekt dargestellt, das es den teilnehmenden Bachelor-Studierenden in besonderer Weise ermöglicht, berufsspezifische Reflexionsprozesse zu durchlaufen. In dem Projekt übernehmen Studierende die einjährige pädagogische Förderung von Grundschulkindern mit bildungsrelevanten Benachteiligungsfaktoren, die häufig von Selektionspraktiken und -maßnahmen bedroht sind. Die Bearbeitung von vorliegenden Common-Sense-Theorien im inklusiven Kontext gilt dabei als ein relevantes Professionalisierungsziel in der Lehramtsausbildung. Konkret werden Ausschnitte aus Praktikumsberichten von zwei Studierenden mittels der dokumentarischen Methode ausgewertet und einander gegenübergestellt, um daran herauszuarbeiten, inwiefern sich die Reflexionen unterscheiden. Es zeigt sich anhand der Analysen, dass im Rahmen der Praxisphase eine Reflection-on-Action und auch die vertiefte Reflexion eigener Common-Sense-Theorien grundsätzlich möglich, jedoch nicht voraussetzungslos ist. Insbesondere kann auch anhand der gewählten Einzelfälle verdeutlicht werden, wie individuell inklusionsbezogene Professionalisierungsprozesse im Rahmen der vorliegenden Praxisphase verlaufen können. Die Analyse offenbart multiple Professionalisierungschancen in Abhängigkeit von den Rahmenbedingungen des Projekts, den individuellen Schwerpunkten der pädagogischen Arbeit oder den individuellen Reflexionen der Studierenden. Abstract Based on the necessity of an inclusive pedagogical professionalisation in the teacher training program, this article presents an educational science project that enables the participating Bachelor students in a unique manner to go through profession-specific reflection processes. In the project, students take on the one-year pedagogical support of primary school children with educational disadvantage factors, who are often threatened by selection practices and measures. In this context, working through present common-sense theories in an inclusive context is considered a relevant professionalization goal in teacher education. Specifically, excerpts from internship reports of two students are analysed by means of the documentary method and compared to each other in order to work out the extent to which the reflections differ. The analyses show that reflection-on-action and in-depth reflection on one's own common-sense theories are generally possible during the practical phase, but not without preconditions. In particular, the selected individual cases can be used to illustrate how individual inclusion-related professionalisation processes can take place within the framework of the present practical phase. The analysis reveals multiple opportunities for professionalisation depending on the general framework of the project, the individual focal points of the pedagogical work or the individual reflections of the students.

scholarly journals Model Based Estimation of the SARS-CoV-2 Immunization Level in Austria and Consequences for Herd Immunity Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bicher ◽  
Claire Rippinger ◽  
Günter Schneckenreither ◽  
Nadine Weibrecht ◽  
Christoph Urach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
One Year ◽  
Austrian Population

AbstractSeveral systemic factors indicate, that worldwide herd immunity against COVID-19 will probably not be achieved in 2021. Vaccination programs are limited by availability of doses, the number of people already infected is still too low to have a disease preventing impact and new emerging variants of the virus seem to partially neglect developed antibodies from previous infections. Nevertheless, after one year of COVID-19 observing high numbers of reported cases in most European countries, we might expect that the immunization level should have an impact on the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We used an agent-based simulation model to reproduce the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria to estimate the immunization level of the population as of February 2021. We ran several simulations of an uncontrolled epidemic wave with varying initial immunization scenarios to assess the effect on the effective reproduction number. We also used a classic differential equation SIR-model to cross-validate the simulation model. As of February 2021, 14.7% of the Austrian population has been affected by a SARS-CoV-2 infection which causes a 9% reduction of the effective reproduction number and a 24.7% reduction of the prevalence peak compared to a fully susceptible population. This estimation is now recomputed on a regular basis to publish model based analysis of immunization level in Austria also including the fast growing effects of vaccination programs. This provides substantial information for decision makers to evaluate the necessity of NPI-measures based on the estimated impact of natural and vaccinated immunization.

scholarly journals State of vaccination of diphtheria and tetanus in the population of Ukraine in 2015-2018

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Coverage ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vaccines For Children ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Coverage Rates

Vaccine prevention is the main and most effective way of preventing diphtheria and tetanus. In Ukraine, the primary course of vaccination against these infectious diseases is carried out in childhood, adults is due for revaccination every decade. The formation of reliable and long-lasting anti-diphtheria and anti-tetanus immune protection is possible only with strict adherence to the immunization schemes provided by the Calendar of preventive vaccinations. This paper analyzes the performance of vaccination coverage against diphtheria and tetanus in different age groups of Ukraine in 2015-2018. The subject of the study was the materials of statistical registration of vaccination of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. During 2015-2018, the coverage rate for three diphtheria and tetanus vaccines for children under one year of age was 21-67.2%, which is well below the 95% recommended for European countries. There was not sufficient volume and revaccination in 18 months, completing the primary vaccine complex, as well as additional immunization of persons over the age of 1 who had not previously been vaccinated. Extremely low in 2015, there were indices of coverage by revaccination of children 6 and 16 years old and adults - 4.1%, 1.9% and 0.1% respectively. Since 2016, the situation with the implementation of the plan of revaccination in all age groups in general in the country has begun to improve, however, the population coverage rates in the regions ranged from 3.7% to 99.4%. Thus, there was a tendency towards an increase in the number of persons who did not receive any vaccination or who were immunized with significant violations of the vaccination schemes, which threatened epidemic welfare. In such conditions, the monitoring of the state of herd immunity in the individual regions and throughout the country plays an important role in determining the real level of protection of the population from diphtheria and tetanus and planning of additional preventive measures.

scholarly journals Could information about herd immunity help us achieve herd immunity? Evidence from a population representative survey experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 854-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sveinung Arnesen ◽  
Kristine Bærøe ◽  
Cornelius Cappelen ◽  
Benedicte Carlsen
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Concern For Others ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Aims: Immunisation causes dramatic reductions in morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases; however, resistance to vaccination is nonetheless widespread. An understudied issue – explored here – is whether appeals to collective as opposed to individual benefits of vaccination encourage people to vaccinate. Knowledge of this is important not least with respect to the design of public health campaigns, which often lack information about the collective benefits of vaccination. Methods: Using a between-subjects experimental survey design, we test whether information about the effects of herd immunity influences people’s decision to vaccinate. A representative sample of Norwegians was confronted with a hypothetical scenario in which a new and infectious disease is on its way to Norway. The sample was split in three – a control group and two treatment groups. The one treatment group was provided information about collective benefits of vaccination; the other was provided information about the individual benefits of vaccination. Results: Both treatments positively affect people’s decision to vaccinate; however, informing about the collective benefits has an even stronger effect than informing about the individual benefits. Conclusions: Our results suggest that people’s decision about whether to vaccinate and thus contribute to herd immunity is influenced by concern for others. Thus, stressing the collective benefits of vaccination could increase the effectiveness of health campaigns.

scholarly journals Vaccination, Immunity and Breakthrough: Quantitative Effects in Individual Immune Responses Illustrated by a Simple Kinetic Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Johann Michael Köhler
Keyword(s):  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Applied Model ◽  
Simple Kinetic Model ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Infective Agent

The personal risks of infection, as well as the conditions for achieving herd immunity, are strongly dependent on an individual’s response to the infective agents on the one hand, and the individual’s reactions to vaccination on the other hand. The main goal of this work is to illustrate the importance of quantitative individual effects for disease risk in a simple way. The applied model was able to illustrate the quantitative effects, in the cases of different individual reactions, after exposition to viruses or bacteria and vaccines. The model was based on simple kinetic equations for stimulation of antibody production using different concentrations of the infective agent, vaccine and antibodies. It gave a qualitative explanation for the individual differences in breakthrough risks and different requirements concerning a second, third or further vaccinations, reconsidering different efficiencies of the stimulation of an immune reaction.

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