scholarly journals The cytological examination of vaginal smears in dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
A. KARAGIANNIDIS (Α. ΚΑΡΑΓΙΑΝΝΙΔΗΣ) ◽  
Th. TSILIGIANNI (Θ. ΤΣΙΛΙΓΙΑΝΝΗ) ◽  
I. AMARANTIDIS (Ι. ΑΜΑΡΑΝΤΙΔΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Cytological Alterations ◽  
Estrous Cycle Stage ◽  
Epithelium Cells

The cytological examination of vaginal smears is a simple, quick and inexpensive method for determination of the estrous cycle stage in dogs. Also, the procedure of vaginal smear collection is painless for the animal. Smears are examined under light microscope, after they have been stained by a proper staining method. The results are based on the observation of cytological alterations of the epithelium cells under the influence of ovarian hormones.

ABSENCE OF COMPENSATORY OVARIAN HYPERTROPHY IN RATS WITH ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béla Flerkó ◽  
Vera Bárdos
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Unilateral Ovariectomy ◽  
Hypothalamic Lesions ◽  
Oestrogen Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Absence of compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in »constant oestrus rats« from lesions in the anterior hypothalamic area suggests that nervous elements localized in this region play an essential role in the stimulation of gonadotrophin output by diminution of the blood oestrogen level. The constant vaginal oestrus after unilateral ovariectomy in the majority of animals was, however, repeatedly interrupted by vaginal smears of a dioestrous type. The appearance of a dioestrous vaginal smear in the »hypothalamic constant oestrus rats« is often associated with some luteinisation. It is assumed that diminution of the blood oestrogen level by reduction of ovarian tissue in these animals may bring about a release of LH sufficient to cause formation of corpora lutea.

Multivariate optimization of PTV-GC-MS method for simultaneous determination of organometallic compounds of mercury, lead and tin

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (42) ◽  
pp. 7702-7710 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Moscoso-Pérez ◽  
V. Fernández-González ◽  
J. Moreda-Piñeiro ◽  
P. López-Mahía ◽  
S. Muniategui-Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Multivariate Optimization ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Trace Level ◽  
Trace Level Determination

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method using PTV-GC-MS was developed for the simultaneous trace level determination of organometallic compounds of mercury, lead and tin.

UV-Vis Spectrophotometrical and Analytical Methodology for the Determination of Singlet Oxygen in New Antibacterials Drugs

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 117739010700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Zoltan ◽  
Franklin Vargas ◽  
Carla Izzo
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
First Time

We have determined and quantified spectrophotometrically the capacity of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) as 1O2 during the photolysis with UV-A light of 5 new synthesized naphthyl ester derivates of well-known quinolone antibacterials (nalidixic acid (1), cinoxacin (2), norfloxacin (3), ciprofloxacin (4) and enoxacin (5)). The ability of the naphthyl ester derivatives (6-10) to generate singlet oxygen were detecting and for the first time quantified by the histidine assay, a sensitive, fast and inexpensive method. The following tendency of generation of singlet oxygen was observed: compounds 7 >10 > 6 > 8 > 9 >> parent drugs 1-5.

Investigation of Transmissible Venereal Tumor in Male Dogs by Cytological Examination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cagri Cingi ◽  
Deniz Yeni ◽  
Ebubekir Yazici ◽  
Tugba Akbas Cine ◽  
Mehmet Ucar
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Caudal Part ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Intermediate Density

Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) is one of the most uncontrolled spreading tumor via mating between dogs observed in both sexes. The clinical findings are less remarkable and are usually located in the caudal part of the penis and may include preputial discharge, licking of the region, dysuria, phimosis or paraphimosis (occasionally). In this study, the incidence of TVT and the relations of tumor with some factors were investigated in 145 male dogs, in Eskiºehir, Turkey. TVT’s diagnosis was based on location of the tumor mass and mainly exfoliative cytological findings. Smears of caudal part of the penis were painted with Giemsa staining method. The cells in the smears were identified as typical transmissible venereal tumor cells, polymorphnuclear leukocytes (PMN), erythrocyte, parabasal, intermediate, nucleated and anuclear superficial cells. In exfoliative cytological examinations, TVT cells were observed in the smears of 17 dogs (11,72 %), but only four of them (2,76 %) had TVT lesions clinically. Thirteen (8,97 %) of dogs had TVT cells but not having TVT lesions . It was found that the ages, weights and breeds of dogs had no effect on the TVT lesions and TVT cells. TVT positive animals were determined to have more erythrocyte and intermediate density than negatives and no association with other cells were found. PMNs were significantly different and high in the TVT cell positive cases compared to the negatives. In dogs with negative TVT cells, parabasal, intermediate, nuclear/anuclear superficial cells were more than those positives. As a result, the male dogs having no lesions could be infected with TVT. Dogs should be examined not only clinically, but also cytologically, to determine whether TVT cells are present. This method can be an easy way to find and treat TVT lesion-free but infected dogs at an early time.

Rapid Thin Layer Chromatographic Method for Determination of Zearalenone and Zearalenol in Grains and Animal Feeds

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P Swanson ◽  
Richard A Corley ◽  
Donald G White ◽  
William B Buck
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the analysis of zearalenone and zearalenol in grains and animal feeds. The method involves extraction with 75% methanol, precipitation of pigments with lead acetate, and defatting with petroleum ether. The mycotoxins are subsequently partitioned into toluene–ethyl acetate, chromatographed on high performance thin layer chromatographic plates, and detected after treatment with Fast Violet B salt solution. Sensitivity of the method is better than 80 ng/g for zearalenone and 200 ng/g for zearalenol. Ten samples can be completed in less than 2 h. The method is applicable for zearalenone in corn, wheat, barley, millet, and swine feeds.

scholarly journals Determination of Traces of Pd(II) in Spiked Samples by Using 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehydeisonicotinol-hydrazone as a Chelating Agent with UV Visible Spectrophotometer

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lakshmi Narayana ◽  
C. Ramachandraiah ◽  
A. Varada Reddy ◽  
Dongyeun Lee ◽  
Jaesool Shim
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Colored Complex ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Metal Ligand

A simple, rapid, sensitive and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of trace amounts of palladium(II) using 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehydeisonicotinoylhydrazone (3,4-DHBINH). The metal ion gives a yellow colored complex with 3,4-DHBINH in acetate buffer of pH 3.0 with 1:1 (metal: ligand) composition. The complex shows maximum absorption at 380 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range 0.5-20.0 ppm of Pd(II). The molar absorptivity, Sandell’s sensitivity and detection limit were found to be 0.53×104L mol-1cm-1, 0.02 μg cm-2and 0.0948 μg mL-1, respectively. The correlation coefficient and regression coefficient of the Pd(II)-3,4-DHBINH complex were 1.08 and 0.04 respectively. Major cations and anions did not show any interference. Anti-microbial activity of the Pd(II)-3,4-DHBINH has been studied. The developed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of Pd(II) in spiked samples. Comparing the results with those obtained using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer tested the validity of the method

PERINIDATORY OVARIAN OESTROGEN SECRETION IN THE PREGNANT RAT, DETERMINED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTION

1972 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NIMROD ◽  
SHOSHANA LADANY ◽  
H. R. LINDNER
Keyword(s):  
Electron Capture ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Electron Capture Detection ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Uterine Receptivity ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Ovum Implantation

SUMMARY A sensitive and specific method is described for the determination of oestradiol-17β and oestrone in blood by gas-liquid chromatography with the use of an electron capture detector. The rate of secretion of these steroids into the ovarian venous blood of rats was determined on the day of pro-oestrus (six animals) and at various times during the first 8 days of pregnancy (240 animals). Oestradiol output (pg/ovary/30 min, mean ± s.e.m.) was low during day 1 (the day sperm were present in the morning vaginal smear) and until 11.00 h on day 2 (59 ± 13), but rose rapidly and significantly on the afternoon of day 2 (299 ± 46). From day 3 to day 8 an increased secretion rate was maintained (451 ± 26), though this was well below the level found on the day of pro-oestrus (mean 8·8 ng oestradiol and 1·2 ng oestrone/ovary/30 min). Oestradiol secretion during early pregnancy tended to be higher in the afternoon than in the morning. Oestrone output roughly paralleled that of oestradiol, but was only about one third as high. No distinct peak in the rate of secretion of either steroid was demonstrable on day 4. The results strengthen the view that ovarian oestrogen secretion has an essential role in ovum implantation in the rat, but are incompatible with the hypothesis that the time of uterine receptivity to the blastocyst and of uterine sensitivity to atraumatic deciduoma induction is determined by a discrete discharge of oestradiol or oestrone from the ovary on the afternoon of the 4th day post coitum — the so-called 'oestrogen surge' theory.

scholarly journals Determination of the estrous cycle phases of rats: some helpful considerations

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (4a) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. MARCONDES ◽  
F. J. BIANCHI ◽  
A. P. TANNO
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Vaginal Secretion ◽  
Cellular Types

The short length of the estrous cycle of rats makes them ideal for investigation of changes occurring during the reproductive cycle. The estrous cycle lasts four days and is characterized as: proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus, which may be determined according to the cell types observed in the vaginal smear. Since the collection of vaginal secretion and the use of stained material generally takes some time, the aim of the present work was to provide researchers with some helpful considerations about the determination of the rat estrous cycle phases in a fast and practical way. Vaginal secretion of thirty female rats was collected every morning during a month and unstained native material was observed using the microscope without the aid of the condenser lens. Using the 10 x objective lens, it was easier to analyze the proportion among the three cellular types, which are present in the vaginal smear. Using the 40 x objective lens, it is easier to recognize each one of these cellular types. The collection of vaginal lavage from the animals, the observation of the material, in the microscope, and the determination of the estrous cycle phase of all the thirty female rats took 15-20 minutes.

HORMONAL-CYCLIC CHANGES IN RATS UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS AND UNDER STRESS AS REVEALED BY VAGINAL SMEARS AFTER SHORR STAINING

1959 ◽  
Vol XXXII (II) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Grönroos ◽  
Olavi Kauppila
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Epithelium ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Temporary Rise ◽  
Cyclic Changes

ABSTRACT By examining vaginal smears after fixing in ether-ethanol and Shorr staining, the authors have followed the variations in the relative proportions of cells from different layers of the vaginal epithelium, cytolysis, clumping and curling of the edges of the superficial cells, and the occurrence of mucus and leucocytes in the smears during the normal oestrous cycle in 14 rats. All these factors were observed to undergo periodic variations. Vaginal smears were also examined to determine the effect of stress on the hormonal equilibrium of the rat. Disturbances were noted in the oestrous cycles of all rats in the stress group. One to three oestrous cycles occurred in each rat during the first two weeks of the stress period. Even in these, the layer index for superficial cells did not rise to the level during normal oestrus. A persistent dioestrous state was established or only a slight temporary rise in the layer index of the vaginal smear occurred during the last two weeks of the four-week stress period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document