scholarly journals Serum complexed and free prostate specific antigen levels are lower in female elite athletes in comparison to control women

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Eklund ◽  
Eleftherios P. Diamandis ◽  
Carla Muytjens ◽  
Sarah Wheeler ◽  
Anu Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free Psa

Background: We hypothesize that prostate specific antigen (PSA), a protein that it is under regulation by androgens, may be differentially expressed in female elite athletes in comparison to control women.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 106 female athletes and 114 sedentary age-matched controls.  Serum from these women was analyzed for complexed prostate specific antigen (cPSA) and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA), by fifth generation assays with limits of detection of around 6 and 140 fg/mL, respectively.  A panel of estrogens, androgens and progesterone in the same serum was also quantified by tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Both components of serum PSA (cPSA and fPSA) were lower in the elite athletes vs the control group (P=0.033 and 0.013, respectively).  Furthermore, estrone (p=0.003) and estradiol (p=0.004) were significantly lower, and dehydroepiandrosterone  (p=0.095) and 5-androstene-3β, 17β-diol (p=0.084) tended to be higher in the athletes vs controls. Oral contraceptive use was similar between groups and significantly associated with increased cPSA and fPSA in athletes (p= 0.046 and 0.009, respectively).  PSA fractions were not significantly associated with progesterone changes. The Spearman correlation between cPSA and fPSA in both athletes and controls was 0.75 (P < 0.0001) and 0.64 (P < 0.0001), respectively. Conclusions: Elite athletes have lower complexed and free PSA, higher levels of androgen precursors and lower levels of estrogen in their serum than sedentary control women.Abbreviations: cPSA, complexed PSA; fPSA, free PSA; PCOS, polycystic ovarian syndrome; E1, estrone; E2, estradiol; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone, Testo, testosterone; DHT, dihydrotestosterone; PROG, progesterone; Delta 4, androstenedione; Delta 5, androst-5-ene-3β, 17β-diol; BMD, body mineral density; LLOQ, lower limit of quantification; ULOQ, upper limit of quantification; LOD, limit of detection; ACT, α1-antichymotrypsin

scholarly journals Benign Prostate-specific Antigen (BPSA) in Serum Is Increased in Benign Prostate Disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry J Linton ◽  
Leonard S Marks ◽  
Lisa S Millar ◽  
Christine L Knott ◽  
Harry G Rittenhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Free Psa ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Benign Prostate

Abstract Background: BPSA is a “benign” form of free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) that is increased in prostate transition zone tissues of men with pathologic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We developed an immunoassay to determine the concentration of BPSA in the serum of men with BPH. Methods: The BPSA antigen was purified by HPLC, and murine monoclonal antibodies were prepared by standard methods. A fluorogenic ELISA was developed with high specificity for BPSA and no cross-reactivity with other forms of PSA. Results: The BPSA immunoassay had a lower limit of detection of 6 ng/L and a cross-reactivity of &lt;1% with all other clipped and nonclipped forms of PSA. The BPSA antibody was specific for the internal Lys182 cleavage site that characterizes BPSA. Biopsy-negative men with a median total PSA of 4.8 μg/L had a median of 0.22 μg/L BPSA, representing 25% of the free PSA in serum. BPSA ranged from 0% to 60% of the free PSA in serum. BPSA in a cohort of cancer serum also comprised 25% of the free PSA. Control serum from women or men without increased PSA had nondetectable BPSA. Conclusions: BPSA is a significant percentage of the free PSA in BPH serum but not in control serum. The presence of prostate cancer does not alter the relative proportions of BPSA in sera with &lt;10 μg/L PSA. BPSA has a wide distribution of concentrations in the serum and may provide clinical information for the study of men with BPH.

scholarly journals Serum complexed and free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for the diagnosis of the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios P. Diamandis ◽  
Frank Z. Stanczyk ◽  
Sarah Wheeler ◽  
Anu Mathew ◽  
Martin Stengelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free Psa ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

AbstractBackground:Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. We hypothesized that serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) may constitute a new biomarker for hyperandrogenism in PCOS.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study of 45 women with PCOS and 40 controls. Serum from these women was analyzed for androgenic steroids and for complexed PSA (cPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) with a novel fifth- generation assay with a sensitivity of ~10 fg/mL for cPSA and 140 fg/mL for fPSA.Results:cPSA and fPSA levels were about three times higher in PCOS compared to controls. However, in PCOS, cPSA and fPSA did not differ according to waist-to-hip ratio, Ferriman-Gallwey score, or degree of hyperandrogenemia or oligo-ovulation. In PCOS and control women, serum cPSA and fPSA levels were highly correlated with each other, and with free and total testosterone levels, but not with other hormones. Adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI) and race, cPSA was significantly associated with PCOS, with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86, 22.0). The OR of PCOS for fPSA was 7.04 (95% CI: 1.65, 40.4). A multivariate model that included age, BMI, race and cPSA yielded an area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic curve of 0.89.Conclusions:Serum cPSA and fPSA are novel biomarkers for hyperandrogenism in PCOS and may have value for disease diagnosis.

Redesigned Proficiency Testing Materials Improve Survey Outcomes for Prostate-Specific Antigen

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (11) ◽  
pp. 1608-1613
Author(s):  
Lori J. Sokoll ◽  
David L. Witte ◽  
George G. Klee ◽  
Daniel W. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Free Psa ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Total Psa ◽  
Sera Samples

Abstract Context.—Large disparities in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) results from different assays have been observed in the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Ligand Assay Survey, with interassay results varying severalfold. Survey specimens are predominately composed of free PSA and do not reflect the composition of typical patient specimens. Objectives.—To characterize a pilot material developed for CAP in which pooled sera samples were spiked with purified PSA and α1-antichymotrypsin–bound PSA at targeted concentrations and to compare it to CAP survey and reference materials. Design.—CAP survey, reference, and pilot materials were analyzed using 10 total PSA and 7 free PSA assays. These assays included Food and Drug Administration–approved assays and assays for research use only. Results.—Variability among the 10 total PSA methods was greatest for the 1997 ligand survey material (CV range, 56%–65%) followed by the pilot material (CV range, 10%–29%) and the reference material (CV range, 6%–13%). In contrast, interassay variability for the 7 free PSA methods was similar for the 3 preparations, with the exception of one specimen close to the limit of detection of the assays. As determined with the Hybritech Tandem-R method, the ligand survey specimens were essentially composed of all free PSA, whereas the reference and pilot materials were composed of approximately 10% and 35% free PSA, respectively. Conclusions.—The newly formulated pilot material prepared using a human base that contained defined concentrations of free PSA and α1-antichymotrypsin–bound PSA more closely resembled patient specimens and minimized differences among methods compared with the semen-supplemented original survey material.

scholarly journals Tissue Zinc Concentration in Prostate Cancer: Relationship with Prostate Specific Antigen and Gleason Score in a Cohort of Nigerian Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Martin Igbokwe ◽  
Ayo Salako ◽  
Tajudeen Badmus ◽  
Eusebius Obiajunwa ◽  
Olalekan Olasehinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the commonest maliganacy among men of African descent. The possible role of trace elements like Zinc in its aetiogenesis and disease severity remains controversial. This paper aims to identify the relationship between tissue zinc concentration and the occurrence of prostate cancer. And to identify the relationship between the tissue zinc concentration and the disease severity (using the prostate specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason scores (GS)).Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 41 consecutive consenting men with histologically confirmed PCa and 41 age-matched controls. Toe-nail clippings were obtained from both groups and assayed for zinc using the Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. Zinc concentrations were compared between cases and controls. A correlation analysis was performed to determine relationship between Zinc concentration and disease severity (PSA and GS). Results: Forty one men each were recruited in the Prostate cancer and control groups for this study. PCa group had a mean age of 72.83 ± 7.06 years while the control group was 70.73 ±6.40 years. There was statistically significant higher toe-nail Zn concentration among Prostate cancer patients than controls (P= 0.028, t=2.28, df=40). The mean PSA values among the Prostate cancer group was 46.10 ± 40.62ng/ml and mode GS was 8.There was neither a correlation between toe-nail Zn concentration and serum PSA levels (p=0.386) nor with the GS. Conclusion: This study found a statistically significant higher toe-nail Zn concentration among men with PCa compared with age-matched controls. There was however no correlation between toe-nail Zn concentration and the serum prostate specific antigen or Gleason score.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Abdominal Wall Muscle Thickness in Female Rugby Players Versus Non-Athletic Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanesa Abuín-Porras ◽  
Mónica de la Cueva-Reguera ◽  
Pedro Benavides-Morales ◽  
Rocío Ávila-Pérez ◽  
Blanca de la Cruz-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Rugby Players

Background and Objectives: Rugby players engage in demanding, high loading muscular activity in the spine. Study of the abdominal wall architecture in female rugby athletes is relevant to the possible muscular asymmetry secondary to sport practice and the relationship between the abdominal wall and the pelvic floor muscles. Activation of the transversus abdominis (TrAb) generates an increase in the bladder neck muscle. Moreover, an increased interrecti distance (IRD) is related to urinary incontinence and has a higher prevalence in athletic women. The aim of the present study was to compare and quantify, with ultrasound imaging (USI), the thickness of the transversus abdominis (TrAb), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), rectus abdominis (RA), and interrecti distance (IRD) in female rugby players versus non-athletic women in order to improve upon existing knowledge about abdominal wall configuration in female athletes. Materials and Methods: A sample of 32 women was recruited at the Universidad Europea Research Lab and divided in two groups: a rugby group (n = 16) and a non-athletic women group (n = 16). The thickness of the TrAb, EO, IO, RA, and IRD were assessed by USI in both groups. Results: There were statistically significant differences for the ultrasound evaluation thickness of the right TrAb (p = 0.011; d = 0.10), EO (p = 0.045; d = 0.74), IO (p = 0.003; d = 1.32), and RA (p = 0.001; d = 1.38) showing a thickness increase for the rugby group with respect to the control group. For the IRD thickness, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between groups. Conclusions: An increased TrAb, IO, EO, and RA thickness may be shown in female rugby players versus non-athletic women. Nevertheless, statistically relevant differences were not found for the IRD between both groups.

Prostate-specific antigen testing in the disabled population: A cross-sectional analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17000-e17000
Author(s):  
Joon Yau Leong ◽  
Ruben Pinkhasov ◽  
Thenappan Chandrasekar ◽  
Oleg Shapiro ◽  
Michael Daneshvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Healthcare Provider ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psa Screening ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
The Usa ◽  
National Trends

e17000 Background: Disabled patients are a unique minority population that may have lower literacy levels and difficulty communicating with physicians. Furthermore, their knowledge for cancer prevention recommendations is unknown. Herein, we aim to compare prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing rates and associated predictors among disabled men and non-disabled men in the USA. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study utilizing the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) to analyze factors predicting PSA testing rates in men with disabilities (disabled, deaf, blind). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine clinically significant predictors of PSA testing in men with disabilities compared to that of the healthy cohort. Results: A total of 782 (14.6%) disabled men were compared to 4,569 (85.4%) non-disabled men. Disabled men were older with a mean age of 65.0 ± 14.2 vs. 55.0 ± 15.9 years (p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, after adjusting for all available confounders including race, age, geographical region, survey year, marital status, health insurance, healthcare provider, amongst others, men with any disability were less likely to undergo PSA screening (OR 0.772, 95% CI 0.623-0.956, p = 0.018). Variables associated with increased PSA screening rates included age, having a healthcare provider or health insurance, and living with a partner. Although prostate cancer detection rates were shown to be higher among disabled men, this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Our data suggests that significant inequalities in PSA screening exist among men with disabilities in the USA, with disabled men, especially the deaf and the blind, being less likely to be offered PSA screening. There is a clear need to implement strategies to reduce existing gaps in the care of disabled men and strive to reach equality in PSA screening in this unique population.

Effect of Marathon Running on Total and Free Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Concentrations

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kratz ◽  
Kent B. Lewandrowski ◽  
Arthur J. Siegel ◽  
Patrick M. Sluss ◽  
Kelly Y. Chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Free Psa ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Total Psa

Abstract Context.—Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an important tumor marker for the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the United States. A major limitation of this marker is falsely elevated results in patients who are found not to have prostate cancer. The effects of vigorous physical exertion on PSA concentrations are controversial. Objective.—To determine the effects of marathon running on PSA levels. Design.—Measurement of total and free PSA levels in the sera of participants in a marathon before and within 4 and 24 hours after the race. Results.—None of the participants had elevated total PSA levels before the race. Although we found no statistically significant changes in average total or free PSA concentrations at either time point, after the marathon, 2 (11%) of 18 runners had total PSA concentrations outside the standard reference range. Changes in total PSA levels did not correlate with age or prerace PSA concentrations. Free PSA levels were not statistically significantly changed after the race and did not allow a reliable determination of exercise-induced PSA elevations. Conclusions.—Although it may not be necessary for men to abstain from exercise involving running before blood draws for PSA analysis, elevated PSA concentrations may be observed in some individuals after participation in a major sporting event. In these cases, repeat measurements should be considered at a time significantly removed from such exercise.

scholarly journals Early detection of prostate cancer local recurrence by urinary prostate-specific antigen

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Bolduc ◽  
Brant A. Inman ◽  
Louis Lacombe ◽  
Yves Fradet ◽  
Roland R. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prostatectomie Radicale ◽  
Psa Recurrence ◽  
Patients Atteints De Cancer

Purpose: We assessed the role of urinary prostate-specific antigen(uPSA) in the follow-up of prostate cancer after retropubic radicalprostatectomy (RRP) for the early detection of local recurrences.Methods: We recruited 50 patients previously treated for prostatecancer with RRP and who had not experienced a prostatespecificantigen (PSA) recurrence within their first postoperativeyear into a cross-sectional laboratory assessment and prospective6-year longitudinal follow-up study. We defined biochemicalfailure as a serum PSA (sPSA) of 0.3 μg/L or greater. Patientsprovided blood samples and a 50-mL sample of first-voided urine.We performed Wilcoxon rank-sum and Fisher exact tests for statisticalanalysis.Results: The median sPSA was 0.13 μg/L. The median uPSA was0.8 μg/L, and was not significantly different when comparingGleason scores or pathological stages. Of the 50 patients, 27 initiallyhad a nondetectable sPSA but a detectable uPSA, and11 patients experienced sPSA failure after 6 years. Six patients haddetectable sPSA and uPSA initially. Fifteen patients were negativefor both sPSA and uPSA, and 13 remained sPSA-free after 6 years.The odds ratio (OR) of having sPSA failure given a positive uPSAtest was 4.5 if sPSA was undetectable, but was reduced to 2.6 ifsPSA was detectable. The pooled Mantel–Haenszel OR of 4.2 suggestedthat a detectable uPSA quadrupled the risk of recurrence,independent of whether sPSA was elevated or not. The sensitivityof uPSA for detecting future sPSA recurrences was 81% andspecificity was 45%.Conclusion: Urinary PSA could contribute to an early detection oflocal recurrences of prostate cancer after a radical prostatectomy.Objectif : Nous avons évalué le rôle de l’antigène prostatiquespécifique (APS) urinaire dans le suivi du cancer de la prostateaprès prostatectomie radicale rétropubienne (PRR) pour le dépistageprécoce de récidives locales.Méthodes : Cinquante patients atteints de cancer de la prostatetraités par PRR et n’ayant présenté aucune récidive avec anomaliede l’APS dans l’année suivant l’intervention chirurgicale ontété inscrits à une étude transversale par épreuves de laboratoireavec suivi longitudinal prospectif sur 6 ans. L’échec sur le planbiochimique était défini comme un taux d’APS sérique de 0,3 μg/Lou plus. Les patients devaient fournir des échantillons de sanget un échantillon d’urine du matin de 50 mL. Les analyses statistiquesreposaient sur le test de Wilcoxon et la méthode exactede Fisher.Résultats : La valeur médiane de l’APS sérique était de 0,13 μg/L.La valeur médiane de l’APS urinaire était de 0,8 μg/L; la différenceétait non significative quand on tenait compte des scores deGleason ou des stades pathologiques. Sur les 50 patients,27 présentaient des taux d’APS sérique non décelables au début,mais des taux d’APS urinaire décelables; 11 patients ont présentéun échec quant aux taux d’APS sérique après 6 ans. Six patientsavaient des taux d’APS sérique et urinaire décelables au départ.Quinze patients n’avaient aucun taux décelable d’APS sérique ouurinaire, et aucun APS sérique n’était toujours décelable chez13 patients après 6 ans. Le rapport de risque d’un échec quantaux taux d’APS sérique après détection d’APS urinaire est de 4,5en l’absence d’un taux d’APS sérique décelable, mais diminueà 2,6 en présence d’un taux d’APS sérique décelable. Le rapportde risque cumulé de 4,21 calculé par la méthode deMantel–Haenszel porte à croire que des taux d’APS urinaire décelablesquadruplent le risque de présenter une récidive, queles taux sériques soient élevés ou non. La sensibilité du test dedépistage de l’APS urinaire pour la détection des récidives avecanomalie des taux sériques était de 81 %, et la spécificité, de 45 %.Conclusion : Le taux d’APS urinaire peut contribuer à un dépistageprécoce des récidives locales après une prostatectomie radicale.

Purification and characterization of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin: potential reference material for international standardization of PSA immunoassays

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1273-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Chen ◽  
A Prestigiacomo ◽  
T A Stamey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Free Psa ◽  
Apparent Homogeneity ◽  
International Standardization

Abstract We describe for the first time a protocol to purify to apparent homogeneity an in vitro-prepared complex of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) by using a combination of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The purity of the PSA-ACT complex was confirmed by gel electrophoresis and Western blot. The PSA-ACT complex was stable in the pH range 6.0 to 7.8; it was also stable in various matrices, temperatures, and high concentrations of salt. Purification of the PSA-ACT complex was highly reproducible. An absorptivity of 0.99 L x g-1 x cm-1 at 280 nm was assigned to the PSA-ACT complex, based on amino acid analysis. Because PSA and ACT bind in a 1:1 molar ratio, we determined the molecular mass of the PSA-ACT complex as the mass encoded by the cDNA of ACT (plus 26% carbohydrate) plus the molecular mass of PSA (28,430 Da), which totals 89,280 Da. Using this material, we made two common calibrators, one of 100% PSA-ACT complex and one of 90% PSA-ACT complex plus 10% free PSA by volume (90:10 calibrator). Substitution of these calibrators for the manufacturers' calibrators in nine commercial immunoassays substantially reduced differences between immunoassays, especially for serum PSA values between 4 and 10 micrograms/L. The 90:10 calibrator is recommended as a universal calibrator for international standardization of PSA immunoassays.

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