scholarly journals Association of delivery procedure with APGAR scores among neonates born to healthy Pakistani mothers: a pilot study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Khalid ◽  
Rida Ghani ◽  
Muhammad Fahad Khalid ◽  
Muhammad Saad Malik ◽  
Ahmed Waqas
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries

Background: The present study explores the factors associated with poor APGAR scores among singletons born to healthy Pakistani mothers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a Tara Urea Medical Center, Iskandarabad Colony, district Mianwali, Pakistan from April 1 to August 30, 2017. Data was collected using a preformed proforma by a gynecologist and pediatrician during the birth procedure. The questionnaire comprised of two sections including neonatal and maternal characteristics. All data were analyzed in SPSS v.20. Results: Regression analysis revealed that vaginal deliveries were associated with higher APGAR scores at five minutes than those delivered by cesarean section. However, maternal age and BMI and weight of the baby did not yield significant association with APGAR scores at five minutes. APGAR scores assessed at one minute were significantly associated with weight of the neonate. Conclusion: APGAR scores of the neonates at birth are significantly associated with birth procedures. Therefore, birth procedure should be selected and managed effectively to reduce the risk of low APGAR scores.

scholarly journals Burden and Factors Associated with Refractive Errors Post Cataract Surgery at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center: A Hospital Based Retrospective Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Livin Uwemeye ◽  
William U. Makupa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Aims: To determine the burden and factors associated with refractive errors after cataract surgery in a training institution. Study Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center Eye department. Northern Tanzania, from January 2016 to December 2017. Methods: A review of files of all adult patients who have had cataract surgery in 2016 and 2017 was conducted. A total of 626 eyes of 554 patients who had post-operative refraction by experienced optometrists were included. Information were extracted from patients’ files then entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis. The main outcomes were post-operative refraction and best corrected visual acuity.  Results: Mean age was 69.3 years (SD=10.7) and ECCE accounted for 76% of surgeries. At least 84.6% had post-operative refractive error and astigmatism was the most common refractive error (56.8%). Spherical error accounted for 27.8%. Spherical error ranged from -12 to 4DS, mean = -0.42 (SD=1.3) DS and median = 0.00DS. The maximum cylindrical error was -7.5 DC, mean = -1.15 (SD=1.36) DC and median = -1.0DC. At least 56% had spherical equivalent within 1D of emmetropia. A BCVA of 6/18 or better was achieved in 92.8%. Age, poor pre-operative VA, poor presenting VA, astigmatism on keratometry, difference between recommended and inserted IOL, ECCE, grade of surgeon and suturing were associated with refractive errors. Conclusion: Refractive errors following cataract surgery are common. Best corrected visual acuity outcome was in normal recommended range; however, the magnitude of refractive errors was high and the proportion of patients who achieved a final refraction within 1D of emmetropia was below the recommended range. An effort should be made to lower the prevalence and magnitude of refractive errors associated with cataract surgery in training institutions.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the mental health status of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Japan

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e043728
Author(s):  
Makiko Arima ◽  
Yusuke Takamiya ◽  
Atsuko Furuta ◽  
Kris Siriratsivawong ◽  
Shizuma Tsuchiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on university students, including those in medical schools, with disruption in routine education causing significant psychological distress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with psychological distress among medical students during the period of enforced home quarantine from March through May 2020.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingOne Japanese medical school.Participants571 medical students.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-administered electronic questionnaires including the K-6 scale for psychological distress, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) for self-esteem and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) for self-efficacy were distributed. To assess the determinant factor for psychological distress, variables such as sex, grade in school, living conditions, and RSES and GSES scores were evaluated in regression analysis.Results163 respondents (28.5%) scored ≥5 on the K-6 scale, indicating a significant degree of psychological distress. Logistic regression revealed that a higher score on RSES (p<0.001) and GSES (p<0.01) was an independent factor associated with lower levels of psychological distress. Multiple regression analysis focusing on students with a K-6 score ≥5 revealed that higher scores on RSES correlated with lower levels of psychological distress. By contrast, those with higher GSES scores also scored higher for indicators of psychological distress.ConclusionsThis study identified that self-efficacy and self-esteem were both influential factors for predicting psychological distress during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Medical schools should provide support for mental health and educational initiatives directed at enhancing self-esteem and self-efficacy, with a focus on improving personal resilience. In emergency situations, such as that faced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, initial programmes might target students with higher levels of self-efficacy. By contrast, under routine situations, these efforts should be directed towards students with lower self-esteem as primary means to prevent depression.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Low Back Pain In Patients With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izaya Ogon ◽  
Kousuke Iba ◽  
Hiroyuki Takashima ◽  
Yoshinori Terashima ◽  
Mitsunori Yoshimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Abstract Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a major symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). To develop better treatment, it is important to assess LBP in patients with LSS. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with LBP in patients with LSS.Methods: This cross-sectional study included consecutive patients with LSS aged between 51 and 79 years who had symptoms in one or both legs with or without LBP. The participants were classified into two groups: the high group (LBP visual analog scale [VAS] score of 30 mm or more) and the low group (LBP VAS score of less than 30 mm). We performed multiple logistic regression analysis with the high and low groups as dependent variables and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: A total of 80 patients with LSS were included (35 men and 45 women; mean age 64.5 years), with 47 and 30 patients in the high and low groups, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the sagittal vertical axis (SVA; + 1; odds ratio [OR], 1.029; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005−1.052) and pelvic incidence (PI)-lumbar lordosis (LL; + 1; OR, 1.065; 95% CI 1.019–1.168) were significantly associated with LBP. ROC analysis revealed cut-off values of 47.0 mm and 30.5° of PI-LL, respectively.Conclusion: These cut-off values could have a high specificity and positive predictive value for LBP in patients with LSS due to spinopelvic malalignment. However, these cut-off values could also represent with a cause other than LSS due to spinopelvic malalignment.

scholarly journals A Crisis within a Crisis: An Assessment of COVID-19 Attitude and Practice among Syrians - A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batoul Bakkar ◽  
Fatema Mohsen ◽  
Humam Armashi ◽  
Marah Marrawi ◽  
Nizar Aldaher
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Attitude And Practice

Abstract Introduction: COVID-19 has overwhelmed public healthcare systems worldwide, exacted substantial economic burden, and forced governments to impose partial or complete lockdowns of entire countries with stringent infection control measures to curb the spread of the virus. This study aimed to reflect the Syrian public’s adherence to infection control measures by assessing their attitude and practice during this outbreak embedded within the war in Syria.Methods: This web-based cross-sectional study was distributed randomly in March 2020, nearly 11 years into the Syrian war crisis. The survey consists of 3 sections: socio-demographic characteristics, attitude, and practice. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with good practice, and negative attitude. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0.Results: Of the 3586 participants, 68.2% were females, 50.8% were unemployed, and 79.2% were college-educated. Only 1402(39.1%) participants were wearing face masks when leaving their homes. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender, age, and residence were factors associated with good practice towards avoiding mass gatherings, wearing face masks, and maintaining a 1-meter interpersonal distance; however, age and occupation were factors associated with a negative attitude towards the closure of universities and schools, travel ban, and quarantine for travelers.Conclusion: This survey sheds light on the need for multiple measures to address targeted populations; there must be a specialized method of prevention for each occupation, age group, and place of residence to prevent the outbreak of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Lifetime Prevalence and Factors Associated with Relapse Among Mentally Ill Patients at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia: Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
Liyew Agenagnew ◽  
Chalachew kassaw
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

AbstractRelapse is a condition of getting back to illness after the recovery from illness. It results in stigma, high cost of treatments, and a decline in functionality both for patients and their families. It is common in mentally ill patients therefore this study attempted to assess lifetime prevalence and factors associated with relapse in a patient with mental illness. Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 178 study participants. Data were collected through face to face interviews by using a single item question to measure relapse. Data were entered by using Epi-data 3.1 software and exported to the statistical package for social science 22.0 software for analysis. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to see the association between dependent and independent variables and to identify significant variables associated with the outcome variable at P < 0.05 multivariable logistic regression analysis was done. One hundred seventy-eight mentally ill patients have participated in the study that yields a response rate of 100%. From all 125 (70.2%) of them had relapsed. Non adherance (AOR = 6.35, 95% CI, 2.524–15.852, P < 0.001), high disablity score (AOR = 3.728, 95% CI, 1.434–9.687, P = 0.007) and having single admission history (AOR = 0.196, 95% CI, 0.050–0.761 P = 0.019) were factors which indepedently associated with relapse of mentally ill patients. This study found more than two-thirds of patients had relapsed. Adherence to medication, functional disability, and having single admission were variables that predict the relapse of mentally ill patients.

Etiologies, Clinical Manifestations, and Factors Associated with Severe Symptomatic Hyponatremia among Hospitalized Hyponatremia Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-471
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Background: Hyponatremia is associated with unfavorable outcomes in many cases. The mainstay of hyponatremia treatment depends on its symptoms and etiology. However, etiologies, clinical manifestations, and factors associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia have been rarely reported. Objective: To analyze and report etiologies, clinical manifestations, and factors associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, the authors enrolled hospitalized patients with hyponatremia who had consulted a nephrologist between October 1, 2017, and October 31, 2018. Their baseline characteristics and clinical manifestations were recorded. Etiologies were confirmed by the attending nephrology staff. Factors associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: One hundred patients were included in this study. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD), hypovolemia, and hydrochlorothiazide use were the leading hyponatremia etiologies. Hyponatremia etiologies differed between patients with community-acquired hyponatremia (n=50) and those with hospital-associated hyponatremia (n=50). Patients with communityacquired hyponatremia were older, presented with a higher frequency of severe symptomatic hyponatremia, and showed lower SNa-levels. Low SNa-levels were significantly associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia (p=0.014). Conclusion: Hyponatremia remains an important health problem. SIAD, hypovolemia, and hydrochlorothiazide use are among the leading etiologies of hyponatremia. Low SNa-levels are associated with severe symptomatic hyponatremia; thus, physicians should pay close attention to low SNa-levels in hospitalized patients. Keywords: Hyponatremia, Symptomatic Hyponatremia, Community-acquired hyponatremia, Hospital-associated hyponatremia

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