scholarly journals Analysis of rural egg production to improve the economy of the Andean communities in Ecuador

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1919
Author(s):  
María Belén Bravo Avalos ◽  
Maritza Vaca Cárdenas ◽  
José Luis López Salazar ◽  
María Fernanda Herrera Chico ◽  
Jenny Margoth Villamarín Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
Egg Shell

Background: An economically active population refers to people involved in any economic activity, such as agriculture, livestock, or industry. This activity can supply benefits to its owners and may generate the growth of small businesses. Our study presents a qualitative analysis of the egg production in Ecuadorian Andean communities (Tzimbuto, Bayushig "La Liberad," and La Victoria "Pusuca.") Methods: Analysis was performed using a random sample of 81 hens and 29 eggs obtained from 65 producers, belonging to 50 farming families at the Utopia Community Fair. Zoometric characterization of the hens was carried out according to FAO protocols, and egg yolk quality, egg width and weight, and egg shell weight and thickness were calculated. The 65 producers were interviewed to answer questions pertaining to selling eggs, costs of production, and realized profit. The profit/cost indicator was calculated from the ratio of expenditure (egress) and total revenue of egg sales. Results: 84% of surveyed participants indicated that they purchase eggs for their nutritional value, 12% because the animals are raised with organic food, and 4% showed preference for the eggs’ special flavor. The quality analysis of the eggs sold at the Fair demonstrated that the average weight of the eggs was 47.24 g; the length was 55.24 mm; and the width was 41.66 mm; weight and thickness of the shell were 4.90 g and 0.42 mm, respectively. The color of the yolk had a brightness of 57.62 L*, 5.53 a* for red/green tones and 47.15 b* for yellow/blue tones. The costs to produce the eggs for the Fair was US$0.21 with a profit/cost of US$0.04 per egg; the unit sale price is US$0.25. Conclusions: 84% of surveyed participants indicated that they purchase eggs for their nutritional value, revealing the need to train the communities toward more efficient egg production.

scholarly journals The effects of dietary garlic powder on performance, egg yolk and serum cholesterol concentrations in laying quails

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Canogullari ◽  
M. Baylan ◽  
Z. Erdogan ◽  
V. Duzguner ◽  
A. Kucukgul
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Yolk Cholesterol

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic powder on the performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol and serum parameters of laying Japanese quails. One hundred and twenty 10-weeks-old quails were allocated to four dietary treatments. Quails were caged individually and fed diets supplemented with 0 (control), 1, 2, 4% garlic powder for 12 weeks. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences among the diets in feed consumption, feed efficiency and egg production as averaged over 12 weeks. The better values for these parameters were obtained from the 1% garlic powder supplemented group. Garlic powder addition did not significantly affect egg yolk index, egg shell weight and egg shell thickness. However, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in egg albumen index, egg shell index and Haugh unit. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the egg yolk cholesterol concentration when the dietary level of garlic powder was increased from 0 to 4 g/kg. Plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations increased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of dietary garlic powder. Plasma cholesterol (P < 0.05) and tri-glyceride (P < 0.05) concentration decreased with garlic powder supplementation. It was concluded that garlic powder in the diet of laying quails reduced the plasma and egg yolk cholesterol concentration.

scholarly journals Optimal dietary concentrations of vitamin C and chromium picolinate for alleviating the effect of low ambient temperature (6.2 degrees C) on egg production, some egg characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in laying hens

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 9–10) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sahin ◽  
K. Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Haugh Unit ◽  
Low Ambient Temperature

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and chromium (chromium picolinate, Cr Pic) on egg production, some egg characteristics, and digestibility of nutrients in laying hens (Hy-Line) reared under a low ambient temperature (6.2°C). Two hundred and ten laying hens (32 week-old) were divided into seven groups, 30 hens per group. The treatment groups were designed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement using two levels of vitamin C (125 and 250 mg/kg of diet) and three levels of chromium picolinate (200, 400, or 800 µg/kg of diet), and control group was fed basal diet. The highest values of performance were obtained if 250 mg/kg vitamin C was supplemented with either 400 or 800 µg Cr per kg of diet. An interaction between vitamin C and chromium for egg production (P = 0.05) and feed efficiency (P = 0.02) was detected. Similarly, egg weight, specific gravity, egg shell thickness, egg shell weight and Haugh unit improved with diet containing 250 mg vitamin C and either 400 or 800 µg Cr per kg of diet (P £ 0.05). Digestibility of dry matter (DM), ash, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE) were higher with higher dietary vitamin C (P £ 0.05) and also with higher Cr (P £ 0.05). There were no interactions between vitamin C and chromium detected for any parameters measured for egg quality in terms of egg weight, specific gravidity, egg shell thickness, egg shell weight and Haugh unit and digestibility of nutrients (P ³ 0.28). Data obtained in the present study shows that a combination of 250 mg vitamin C and 400 µg chromium per kg of diet gave the best results in laying hens reared under a low ambient temperature and a conclusion is suggested that such a diet can be considered as a protective management practice in poultry to alleviate, at least in part, the depressive effect of cold stress on poultry performance.

scholarly journals Effectivity of BS4 enzyme complex on the performance of laying hens fed with different ingredients

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Arnold P. Sinurat ◽  
Tresnawati Purwadaria ◽  
Tuti Haryati
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
P Value ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Digestible Amino Acids

<p class="abstrak2">An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effectivity of an enzyme complex produced by Eupenicilium javanicum BS4 on the performance of laying hens fed with different feed ingredients. Three diets were formulated with similar nutrients (protein, ME, digestible amino acids, Ca and available P) value to meet the nutrient requirement of laying hens.  Diets were formulated based on maize, palm kernel cake (PKC) or rice bran.  The diets were either supplemented or not with BS4 enzyme complex and fed to Isa Brown pullet from 19 to 37 weeks old. Each diet was fed to 24 birds and the performances were recorded. Data were analysed statistically with 2 X 3 factorial design with six replicates. Results showed that supplementation of BS4 enzyme into laying hens diet did not influence body weight change, feed intake, mortalities, egg weight and egg shell thickness but significantly increased egg production (P&lt;0.05) and the FCR (P&lt;0.01) in any feedstuff tested. It also improved egg yolk colour score on diet contained 20% PKC. Laying hens fed 20% PKC produced more eggs than those fed maize or rice bran. The egg shell of laying hens fed rice bran were thicker than those fed with maize or PKC. It is concluded that BS4 enzyme complex is effective when supplemented into laying hens diet.</p>

scholarly journals The Response of Layer Hen Productivity and Egg Quality to an Additional Limestone Source when Offered Diets Differing in Calcium Concentrations and the Inclusion of Phytase

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2991
Author(s):  
Isabelle Ruhnke ◽  
Yeasmin Akter ◽  
Terence Zimazile Sibanda ◽  
Aaron J. Cowieson ◽  
Stuart Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
The Impact

Laying hens require substantial quantities of calcium (Ca) to maintain egg production. However, maintaining recommended dietary Ca through inclusion of limestone may impede nutrient digestibility, including that of other minerals. It was hypothesized that providing a separate source of dietary Ca in the form of limestone grit would preserve Ca intake of hens offered diets containing suboptimal Ca concentrations. Furthermore, the impact of dietary phytase at a “superdosing” inclusion rate on the voluntary consumption of limestone grit was evaluated. One hundred and forty-four laying hens (19 weeks of age) were assigned to one of six dietary treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement comprising three dietary Ca concentrations (40, 30, and 20 g/kg) and ±dietary phytase (3500 FYT/kg diet) on an ad libitum basis for six weeks. Limestone grit (3.4 ± 1.0 mm) was provided to all hens ad libitum. Hens offered diets containing phytase consumed significantly less limestone grit p = 0.024). Egg weight, rate of lay, and egg mass were unaffected by dietary treatment (p > 0.05). Egg shell weight % (p < 0.001), shell thickness (p < 0.001), and shell breaking strength (p < 0.01) decreased in line with dietary Ca levels. In summary, dietary superdosing with phytase reduced the consumption of a separate limestone source in individually housed, early lay ISA Brown hens. Egg shell quality variables but not egg production worsened in line with lower dietary Ca levels.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Alfalfa Meal on Performance, Egg Quality, Egg Yolk Cholesterol and Hatchability Parameters of Quail Breeders

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Olgun ◽  
Alp Önder Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Yolk Cholesterol ◽  
Mass Feed

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of alfalfa meal on performance, egg quality, egg yolk cholesterol and hatchability parameters of quail breeders. In this trial a total of 90 Japanese quail breeders (30 males, 60 females), 10 weeks old was distributed 5 experimental groups randomly. Each experimental group consisted of 6 replicates of 3 quails (1 males, 2 females) in each. During the 12 weeks experiment period, birds were fed with 5 dietary groups based on corn and soybean meal and containing 0 (control), 10, 20, 40 and 80 g/kg alfalfa meal. Feed and water were offered ad-libitum throughout the experiment. The different dietary levels of alfalfa meal had no significant effect on body weight change, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, egg shell breaking strength, egg yolk triglyceride, fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs or hatchability of eggs set. The feed intake was decreased with 10 or 20 g/kg alfalfa meal levels in the diet. The eggshell weight was best in quails fed 20 g/kg alfalfa meal, and the egg yolk cholesterol was the lowest in quails fed 40 g/kg alfalfa meal. According to the results of this study the addition of 40 g/kg alfalfa meal in laying quail diets decreased the egg yolk cholesterol levels without adverse effect on performance.

scholarly journals The response of laying hens fed fermented pineapple peel waste by indigenous microorganism from bamboo sprout

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heryandi YAN ◽  
Yanti Putri NOVA ◽  
Adrizal ADRIZAL ◽  
Endo Mahata MARIA
Keyword(s):  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Indigenous Microorganism ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Haugh Unit

ABSTRACT The bromelain enzyme content in pineapple peel waste predicted to promote digestive tract health and a positive effect on egg quality. This research aimed to evaluate the use of fermented pineapple peel waste in laying hens diet on egg quality. A total of laying hens 200 birds with Isa Brown strain, egg production of 70%, The average egg weight and body weight were 58.58 g/egg, and 1.62 g/bird, respectively. A completely randomized design was used, 5 different levels of fermented pineapple peel waste as treatment (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%), and all treatments were repeated 4 times. Egg shell thickness, egg shell strength, haugh unit, egg yolk fat, and egg yolk color were measured. The use of fermented pineapple peel waste in the diet of laying hens up to 20% highly significant (P<0.01) on egg yolk color, and did not negative effect (P>0.05) on egg shell thickness, egg shell strength, haugh unit, and egg yolk fat. Fermented pineapple peel waste can be used as much as 20% in laying hens diet without disturbing egg quality and improve egg yolk color.

scholarly journals Heritability estimates of egg weight and egg shell weight in Ikenne, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia John-Jaja ◽  
Abdur-Rahman Abdullah ◽  
Samuel Nwokolo
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Analytical System

This study is designed to determine the inheritance pattern of egg weight and egg shell weight of exotic laying chickens at 25, 51, 72 weeks and overall mean ages of the birds. For this purpose, thirty eggs were collected daily from the birds continuously for five days of egg production, at each ages 25, 51 and 72 weeks. The total number of eggs collected at each age was 150 and 450 for the total of three age periods. The mean values of egg weight and egg shell weight revealed an apparent increase from 25-72 weeks of age with their corresponding overall mean values. The least square means of egg shell weight at different age groups are significantly different at (P<0.01) while egg weight was significantly the same since egg shell weight depends on age variance for adequate performance. Statistical analytical system was used to obtain the variance components for the estimation of heritability. High and moderate heritability estimates were obtained when the age variance were included in the computation at different age groups for both traits while high, moderate and low estimates were obtained when the age variances were excluded. The heritability estimates from different egg quality traits were low to high. Since egg weight yielded high estimates at various age groups, the low and moderate heritability estimates recorded for egg shell weight imply that collection of additional records and improvement of non-genetic factors influencing the trait will improve the accuracy of characterizing the inherent ability of the birds.

scholarly journals Laying Performance, Survival Rate, Egg Quality and Shell Characteristics in Laying Pullets Offered Honey in Drinking Water during Hot Season

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monsuru Oladimeji Abioja ◽  
Maryam Oluwakemi Adekunle ◽  
John Adesanya Abiona ◽  
Olubunmi Grace Sodipe ◽  
Adebayo Vincent Jegede
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Egg Shell

Abstract Egg production, survival, egg quality and shell characteristics in laying pullets offered honey in drinking water during hot season were determined using hens (28-week-old, n = 120) allotted to either 0 (CONTROL), 10 (10H) or 20 ml honey/L water (20H) for 16 weeks divided into 4 phases of 4 weeks each. Data on hen-day production (EP), egg weight (EW), length (EL), breadth (EB), shape index (ESI), yolk weight (YW), yolk percentage (YP), albumen height (AH), albumen weight (AW), albumen percentage (AP), Haugh unit (HU), shell weight (SW), shell percentage (SP), shell thickness (ST) and survival (SR) were subjected to ANOVA. EP was significantly (P < 0.001) affected by treatment during phases 1-4. 20H resulted in higher EP than CONTROL in phase 1. In phase 2, EP was similar in CONTROL and 20H, but 10H was lower than the two. Higher EPs were recorded in CONTROL than in honey groups (phases 3, 4). EW was significantly (P < 0.01) affected by honey in week 1 only. Birds on 10H laid heavier eggs than CONTROL. 10H hens laid significantly longer (P < 0.001) eggs with higher (P = 0.008) ESI than control hens while 20H birds had significantly lower values of AH (P < 0.01), AP (P = 0.05) and HU (P = 0.05). Honey had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on EB, YW, YP, AW, SW, SP and SR, but improved (P < 0.05) ST in the first 2 phases. To ensure improvement in egg production and egg shell thickness in laying pullets during hot season, honey at 20 ml/L water can be offered for 4 weeks.

scholarly journals Egg quality characteristics of layer hens fed varying levels of yellow cocoyam corm meal (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) as energy source

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
V.N. Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Layer Hens ◽  
Egg Shell

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of sun-dried cocoyam corm meal (SDCCM) on the performance and egg quality  characteristics of layer hens. Poultry industry in Nigeria is faced with numerous challenges among which is the scarcity and high cost of poultry feed fueled by high cost of energy and protein feed feedstuffs such as maize, sorghum, oat, millet etc. Cocoyam corm meal has been discovered as cheaper energy source than grains such as maize or wheat and was used to formulate layer hens’ diets as energy source at 0.0%, 10.0%, 15.0% and 20% levels of inclusion respectively. These were used to feed a batch of one hundred and twenty (120) Isa brown pullets starting at their point of lay for a fifty-six (56) days feeding trial. The birds were grouped into four treatments of 30 hens per group and replicated three times with 10 birds per group in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Proximate composition of the experimental material was evaluated while the laying hens performance and egg quality characteristics were determined. The results obtained showed no treatment effect (P>0.05) for all the performance  characteristics except for feed cost and hen – day egg production which were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the test diets at 20% dietary levels. Similarly, all the external egg quality characteristics measured in this study were similar (P>0.05) in all the treatments means except for egg shell weight which was reduced significantly (P<0.05) in T4 (20% DCCM). However, all the treatment groups retained similar (P<0.05) egg shell thickness and were within the range of 0.30 – 0.36mm reported for egg shell thickness. However, for internal egg quality characteristics, results obtained in all the treatment means were similar (P>0.05). Albumen height and haugh unit values were, 7.19, 7.36, 7.13, and 7.23cm and 83.75, 83.79, 82.53 and 83.80 respectively. It was therefore concluded that dried cocoyam corm meal is an ideal feed ingredient in layer hen’s diets at 20% inclusion level. Keywords: Performance, egg quality characteristics, layer hens and sun-dried cocoyam corm meal.

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