scholarly journals Eating versus skipping breakfast has no discernible effect on obesity-related anthropometric outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Bohan Brown ◽  
Jillian E. Milanes ◽  
David B. Allison ◽  
Andrew W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Discernible Effect ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Background: Eating or skipping breakfast for weight interests scientific and lay communities. Our objective was to systematically review and meta-analyze causal effects of eating versus skipping breakfast on obesity-related anthropometric outcomes in humans. Methods: Six databases were searched for obesity- and breakfast-related terms (final search: 02 JAN 2020). Studies needed to isolate eating versus skipping breakfast in randomized controlled trials. Mean differences were synthesized using inverse variance random effects meta-analysis for each outcome. Positive estimates indicate higher outcomes in breakfast conditions (e.g., weight gain). Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, secondary baseline habit-by-breakfast assignment analysis, and study duration cumulative analysis were performed. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Ten articles (12 comparisons; 6d-12wk) were included. Conditions included recommendations to eat versus skip breakfast, or provision of some or all meals. 95% confidence intervals of all main analyses included the null value of no difference for each outcome: body weight (0.17 kg [-0.40,0.73], k=12, n=487, I 2=74.5), BMI (0.07 kg/m 2 [-0.10,0.23, k=8, n=396, I 2=54.1), body fat percentage (-0.27% [-1.01,0.47], k=6, n=179, I 2=52.4), fat mass (0.24 kg [-0.21,0.69], k=6, n=205, I 2=0.0), lean mass (0.18 kg [-0.08,0.44], k=6, n=205, I 2=6.7), waist circumference (0.18 cm [-1.77,2.13], k=4, n=102, I 2=78.7), waist:hip ratio (0.00 [-0.01,0.01], k=4, n=102, I 2=8.0), sagittal abdominal diameter (0.19 cm [-2.35,2.73], k=2, n=56, I 2=0.0), and fat mass index (0.00 kg/m 2 [-0.22,0.23], k=2, n=56, I 2=0.0). Subgroup analysis showed only one statistically significant result. The interaction effect for BMI (–0.36[-0.65,-0.07]) indicates assignment to conditions consistent with baseline habits had lower BMI. Leave-one-out analysis did not indicate substantial influence of any one study. Conclusions: There was no discernible effect of eating or skipping breakfast on obesity-related anthropometric measures when pooling studies with substantial design heterogeneity and sometimes statistical heterogeneity. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42016033290.

scholarly journals Eating versus skipping breakfast has no discernible effect on obesity-related anthropometric outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Bohan Brown ◽  
Jillian E. Milanes ◽  
David B. Allison ◽  
Andrew W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Discernible Effect ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Background: Whether one should eat or skip breakfast for weight is of continued interest in both the scientific and lay communities. Our objective was to systematically review and meta-analyze causal effects of eating versus skipping breakfast on obesity-related anthropometric outcomes in humans. Methods: AltHealthWatch, CINAHL, Proquest Theses and Dissertations Global, PsycInfo, and Scopus were searched for obesity- and breakfast-related terms in humans (final search: 02 JAN 2020). Studies needed to isolate eating versus skipping breakfast in randomized controlled trials. Mean differences were synthesized using inverse variance random effects meta-analysis for each outcome measured in more than one study. Positive estimates indicate higher outcomes in breakfast conditions (e.g., weight gain). Leave-one-out analysis was used for sensitivity. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Ten articles (12 comparisons) were included. Study lengths spanned 6 days to 16 weeks. Conditions included recommendations to eat versus skip breakfast, or provision of some or all meals. 95% confidence intervals of all main analyses included the null value of no difference for each outcome: body weight (0.17 kg [-0.40,0.74], k=12, n=486, I2=74.4), BMI (0.08 kg/m2 [-0.10,0.26, k=8, n=395, I2=53.9), body fat percentage (-0.27% [-1.01,0.47], k=6, n=179, I2=52.4), fat mass (0.24 kg [-0.21,0.69], k=6, n=205, I2=0.0), lean mass (0.18 kg [-0.08,0.44], k=6, n=205, I2=6.7), waist circumference (0.18 cm [-1.77,2.13], k=4, n=102, I2=78.7), waist:hip ratio (0.00 [-0.01,0.01], k=4, n=102, I2=8.0), sagittal abdominal diameter (0.19 cm [-2.35,2.73], k=2, n=56, I2=0.0), and fat mass index (0.00 kg/m2 [-0.22,0.23], k=2, n=56, I2=0.0). One study reported muscle mass and total body water percentage. Leave-one-out analysis did not indicate substantial influence of any one study. Conclusions: There was no discernible effect of eating or skipping breakfast on obesity-related anthropometric measures when pooling studies with substantial design heterogeneity and sometimes statistical heterogeneity. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42016033290.

scholarly journals Eating versus skipping breakfast has no discernible effect on obesity-related anthropometric outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Bohan Brown ◽  
Jillian E. Milanes ◽  
David B. Allison ◽  
Andrew W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Discernible Effect ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Background: Eating or skipping breakfast for weight interests scientific and lay communities. Our objective was to systematically review and meta-analyze causal effects of eating versus skipping breakfast on obesity-related anthropometric outcomes in humans. Methods: Six databases were searched for obesity- and breakfast-related terms (final search: 02 JAN 2020). Studies needed to isolate eating versus skipping breakfast in randomized controlled trials. Mean differences were synthesized using inverse variance random effects meta-analysis for each outcome. Positive estimates indicate higher outcomes in breakfast conditions (e.g., weight gain). Leave-one-out analysis for sensitivity and a secondary baseline habit-by-breakfast assignment analysis were performed. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Ten articles (12 comparisons; 6d to 12wk) were included. Conditions included recommendations to eat versus skip breakfast, or provision of some or all meals. 95% confidence intervals of all main analyses included the null value of no difference for each outcome: body weight (0.17 kg [-0.40,0.73], k=12, n=487, I 2=74.5), BMI (0.07 kg/m 2 [-0.10,0.23, k=8, n=396, I 2=54.1), body fat percentage (-0.27% [-1.01,0.47], k=6, n=179, I 2=52.4), fat mass (0.24 kg [-0.21,0.69], k=6, n=205, I 2=0.0), lean mass (0.18 kg [-0.08,0.44], k=6, n=205, I 2=6.7), waist circumference (0.18 cm [-1.77,2.13], k=4, n=102, I 2=78.7), waist:hip ratio (0.00 [-0.01,0.01], k=4, n=102, I 2=8.0), sagittal abdominal diameter (0.19 cm [-2.35,2.73], k=2, n=56, I 2=0.0), and fat mass index (0.00 kg/m 2 [-0.22,0.23], k=2, n=56, I 2=0.0). Subgroup analysis showed only one statistically significant result. The interaction effect for BMI (–0.36[-0.65,-0.07]) indicates assignment to conditions consistent with baseline habits had lower BMI. Leave-one-out analysis did not indicate substantial influence of any one study. Conclusions: There was no discernible effect of eating or skipping breakfast on obesity-related anthropometric measures when pooling studies with substantial design heterogeneity and sometimes statistical heterogeneity. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42016033290.

scholarly journals Effect of Maternal Postpartum and Infant Intermittent Vitamin D Supplementation on Infant Vitamin D Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Trials (P11-089-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen O'Callaghan ◽  
Mahgol Taghivand ◽  
Anna Zuchniak ◽  
Akpevwe Onoyovwi ◽  
Jill Korsiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

Abstract Objectives To determine the response of infant (≤ 1 year) circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) to maternal postpartum or infant intermittent vitamin D supplementation in comparison to current recommendations of direct daily oral infant supplementation (400 IU/d). Methods MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to December 4th 2018. A systematic search of online trial registries for unpublished, ongoing, or planned trials was also completed. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool. Meta-analysis was limited to trials with a control group of infants receiving 400 IU vitamin D/d. A weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was generated using infant 25(OH)D as a continuous outcome. Random-effects models accounted for within- and between-study variability. Statistical heterogeneity was quantified with the I2 statistic. Results A total of 28 trials were included, representing data from all 6 World Health Organization world regions. Of the 25 trials that specified a calciferol form, the majority (88%) employed vitamin D3. Six trials (21%) had an overall low risk of bias. Six trials qualified for meta-analysis, stratified by maternal (n = 4) and infant (n = 2) administration. Maternal supplementation resulted in a modestly lower infant vitamin D status than daily infant supplementation (WMD =-7.3 nmol/L; 95% CI: -14.0 to -0.6; I2 = 37%, P = 0.17). Comparison of infant intermittent bolus dosing to daily supplementation was limited by a small sample size and substantial heterogeneity, resulting in a wide CI (WMD = 10.2 nmol/L; 95% CI: -42.9 to 63.3; I2 = 96%, P < 0.001). Safety outcomes, including effects on calcium homeostasis, were inconsistently reported. Four ongoing trials were identified as potential contributors to future reviews. Conclusions Evidence to support the use of specific alternative maternal or infant regimens to substitute for current daily infant vitamin D supplementation is weak and inconsistent. Dose-ranging, adequately powered trials are required to establish the efficacy and safety of feasible alternative strategies to prevent infant vitamin D deficiency Funding Sources SickKids C-GCH Growth and Development Fellowship.

scholarly journals Changes in Fat Mass Following Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training in Adults ≥50 Years of Age: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forbes ◽  
Candow ◽  
Krentz ◽  
Roberts ◽  
Young
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Creatine Metabolism

Aging is associated with an increase in fat mass which increases the risk for disease, morbidity and premature mortality. Creatine supplementation in combination with resistance training has been shown to increase lean tissue mass in adults ≥50 years of age; however, the synergetic effects of creatine and resistance training on fat mass in this population are unclear. Creatine metabolism plays an important role in adipose tissue bioenergetics and energy expenditure. Thus, the combination of creatine supplementation and resistance training may decrease fat mass more than resistance training alone. The purpose of this review is two-fold: (1) to perform meta-analyses on studies involving creatine supplementation during resistance training on fat mass in adults ≥50 years of age, and (2) to discuss possible mechanistic actions of creatine on reducing fat mass. Nineteen studies were included in our meta-analysis with 609 participants. Results from the meta-analyses showed that adults ≥50 years of age who supplemented with creatine during resistance training experienced a greater reduction in body fat percentage (0.55%, p = 0.04) compared to those on placebo during resistance training. Despite no statistical difference (p = 0.13), adults supplementing with creatine lost ~0.5 kg more fat mass compared to those on placebo. Interestingly, there are studies which have linked mechanism(s) explaining how creatine may influence fat mass, and these data are also discussed.

scholarly journals Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials examining the effectiveness of early parenting interventions in preventing internalising problems in children and adolescents.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Costantini ◽  
Elise Paul ◽  
Deborah M Caldwell ◽  
José A López-López ◽  
Rebecca M Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Parenting Interventions ◽  
Bias Assessment ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Internalising Problems

Abstract Background: Internalising problems, such as depression and anxiety, are common and represent an important economical and societal burden. The effectiveness of parenting interventions in reducing risk of internalising problems in children and adolescents has not yet been summarised. The aims of this review are to:1. assess the effectiveness of parenting interventions in the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of internalising problems in children and adolescents;2. determine which intervention components and which intervention aspects are most effective for reducing risk of internalising problems in children and adolescents. Methods: Electronic searches in OVID SP versions of Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; EBSCO version of ERIC and clinicaltrials.gov have been performed to identify randomised controlled trials or quasi-randomised controlled trials of parenting interventions. At least two independent researchers will assess studies for inclusion and extract data from each paper. The risk of bias assessment will be conducted independently by two reviewers using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Statistical heterogeneity is anticipated given potential variation in participant characteristics, intervention type and mode of delivery, and outcome measures. Random effects models, assuming a common between-study variability, will be used to account for statistical heterogeneity. Results will be analysed using a network meta-analysis (NMA). If appropriate, we will also conduct a component-level NMA, where the ‘active ingredients’ of interventions are modelled using a network meta-regression approach.Discussion: Preventing and reducing internalising problems could have major beneficial effects at the economic and societal level. Informing policy makers on the effectiveness of parenting interventions and on which intervention’s component is driving the effect is important for the development of treatment strategies. Systematic review registration: International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42020172251

scholarly journals The Effect of Cardiovascular Medications on Disease-Related Outcomes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Tong Zhang ◽  
Xu-Jie Wang ◽  
Chun-Miao Xue ◽  
Xin-Yu Ji ◽  
Lin Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
Cardiovascular Medications ◽  
Statin Use

Background: Multiple studies have revealed that idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients are more at risk for cardiovascular diseases and that many IPF patients receive cardiovascular medications like statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), and anticoagulants. Existing studies have reported divergent findings on the link between cardiovascular medications and fibrotic disease processes. The aim of this study is to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy of cardiovascular medications in IPF.Methods: We searched studies reporting the effect of cardiovascular medications on IPF in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and two Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure database and China Wanfang database). We calculated survival data, forced vital capacity (FVC) decline, and IPF-related mortality to assess the efficacy of cardiovascular medications in IPF. We also estimated statistical heterogeneity by using I2 and Cochran Q tests, and publication bias was evaluated by risk of bias tools ROBINS-I.Results: A total of 12 studies were included in the analysis. The included studies had moderate-to-serious risk of bias. Statin use was associated with a reduction in mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 0.89; 95% CI 0.83–0.97). Meta-analysis did not demonstrate any significant relationship between statin use and the FVC decline (HR, 0.86; 95% CI 0.73–1.02), ACEI/ARB use, and survival data (HR, 0.92; 95% CI 0.73–1.15) as well as anticoagulant use and survival data (HR, 1.16; 95% CI 0.62–2.19).Conclusion: Our study suggested that there is a consistent relationship between statin therapy and survival data in IPF population. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to conclude the effect of ACEI, ARB, and anticoagulant therapy on IPF population especially to the disease-related outcomes in IPF.

scholarly journals Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Weight and Body Composition in Healthy Non-Athlete Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Fernando ◽  
Jessica Zibellini ◽  
Rebecca Harris ◽  
Radhika Seimon ◽  
Amanda Sainsbury
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Background: Ramadan involves one month of fasting from sunrise to sunset. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the effect of Ramadan fasting on weight and body composition. Methods: In May 2018, we searched six databases for publications that measured weight and body composition before and after Ramadan, and that did not attempt to influence physical activity or diet. Results: Data were collected from 70 publications (90 comparison groups, 2947 participants). There was a significant positive correlation between starting body mass index and weight lost during the fasting period. Consistently, there was a significant reduction in fat percentage between pre-Ramadan and post-Ramadan in people with overweight or obesity (−1.46 (95% confidence interval: −2.57 to −0.35) %, p = 0.010), but not in those of normal weight (−0.41 (−1.45 to 0.63) %, p = 0.436). Loss of fat-free mass was also significant between pre-Ramadan and post-Ramadan, but was about 30% less than loss of absolute fat mass. At 2–5 weeks after the end of Ramadan, there was a return towards, or to, pre-Ramadan measurements in weight and body composition. Conclusions: Even with no advice on lifestyle changes, there are consistent—albeit transient—reductions in weight and fat mass with the Ramadan fast, especially in people with overweight or obesity.

scholarly journals Efficacy of brief intervention for drug misuse in primary care facilities: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e036633
Author(s):  
Ethan Sahker ◽  
Masatsugu Sakata ◽  
Rie Toyomoto ◽  
Chiyoung Hwang ◽  
Kazufumi Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
Care Facilities

IntroductionDrug misuse is associated with significant global morbidity, mortality, economic costs and social costs. Many primary care facilities have integrated drug misuse screening and brief intervention (BI) into their usual care delivery. However, the efficacy of BI for drug misuse in primary care has not been substantiated through meta-analysis. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the efficacy of BI for drug misuse in primary care settings.Methods and analysisWe will include all randomised controlled trials comparing primary care-delivered BI for drug misuse with no intervention or minimal screening/assessment and usual care. Primary outcomes are (1) drug use frequency scores and (2) severity scores at intermediate follow-up (4–8 months). We will retrieve all studies through searches in CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO until 31 May 2020. The reference list will be supplemented with searches in trial registries (eg, www.clinicaltrials.gov) and through relevant existing study reference lists identified in the literature. We will conduct a random-effect pairwise meta-analysis for primary and secondary outcomes. We will assess statistical heterogeneity though visual inspection of a forest plot and calculate I2 statistics. We will assess risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool V.2 and evaluate the certainty of evidence through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Sensitivity analyses will account for studies with control group variations and studies with a high risk of bias. If heterogeneity is present, subgroup analyses will consider patient variables of age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, per cent insured, baseline severity and primary drug misused.Ethics and disseminationThis study will use published aggregate data and will not require ethical approval. Findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal.

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