scholarly journals Creating and sustaining collaborative multi-institutional industry site visit programs: a toolkit

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Tammy R.L. Collins ◽  
Kiri Hoff ◽  
Molly Starback ◽  
Patrick D. Brandt ◽  
Christopher E. Holmquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Site Visit ◽  
Contract Research Organization ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Graduate Trainees

Background: As more early career scientists enter into diverse career pathways, visiting local companies or organizations can support their exploration of these paths. As an efficient way to facilitate this, we developed a collaborative regional site visit program: the Enhancing Local Industry Transitions through Exploration (ELITE) Consortium.  Consortium members arrange half-day visits to local industry sites, thus providing companies and trainees the opportunity to meet and identify potential professional and career opportunities. Three different training institutions worked cooperatively in the development and maintenance of the program. The ELITE Consortium was developed with eight phased steps; guidelines and operating procedures were created for each of these steps and are provided along with sample materials for institutions interested in building similar programs. Methods: Prior to fully developing the program, trainee interests were evaluated via questionnaire. During program implementation and thereafter, program directors tracked attendance and collected career outcome data from publicly available sources to identify first job positions after training. Regression analyses and chi-squared analyses were used to examine site visit matches and career outcome data. Results: Analyses suggest a positive impact of site visits on postdoctoral and graduate trainees’ career outcomes at companies or institutions that match a similar sector (e.g., for-profit) and type (e.g., biotech, pharmaceutical, contract research organization). Despite a small sample size, evidence suggests an especially positive impact on trainees who organize site visits to companies compared with those who simply participate. Conclusions: The ELITE Consortium was successful in helping trainees explore and identify a multitude of career paths. Trainees attained employment either directly or in related companies and institutions visited by ELITE participants. The joint, three-institution, flexible nature of the ELITE Consortium positively impacts the program’s sustainability and reach. The toolkit provided here will help other institutions to replicate and adapt the program with minimal effort.

scholarly journals Trends and Opportunities of Tertiary Education in Safety Engineering Moving towards Safety 4.0

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 524
Author(s):  
Vendula Laciok ◽  
Katerina Sikorova ◽  
Bruno Fabiano ◽  
Ales Bernatik
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Safety Engineering ◽  
Safety And Health

Industry and related work and workplaces are constantly changing as a result of the implementation of new technologies, substances and work processes, changes in the composition of the workforce and the labor market, and new forms of employment and work organization. The implementation of new technologies represents certain ambivalence. Next to the positive impact on workers’ health, new risks and challenges can arise in the area of process and occupational safety and health of people at work. On these bases, it follows the need for predicting and handling the new risks, in order to ensure safe and healthy workplaces in the future. The aim of most forecasting studies is not only to identify new emerging risks, but also to foresee changes that could affect occupational safety and health. However, a number of questions still require proper investigation, i.e., “What impact do new emerging risks have on tertiary education in the area of Safety engineering? Has tertiary education already reacted to progress in science and research and does it have these innovations in its syllabus? How are tertiary graduates prepared for the real world of new technologies?” This paper represents a first attempt in the literature to provide answers to the raised questions, by a survey approach involving academics, Health Safety and Environment (HSE) industrial experts and university students in the Czech Republic. Even if statistical evaluation is limited to a single Country and to a small sample size, the obtained results allow suggesting practical recommendations that can contribute to ensuring new challenges in the area of education by addressing relevant culture issues needed to support new workplace realities according to the newly defined Safety 4.0.

Role of multiparametric MRI in long-term surveillance following focal laser ablation of prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210414
Author(s):  
Mark Paxton ◽  
Eitan Barbalat ◽  
Nathan Perlis ◽  
Ravi J Menezes ◽  
Mark Gertner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Recurrent Disease ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Focal Therapy ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Restricted Diffusion ◽  
Treatment Site ◽  
Imaging Characteristics

Objective: Determine the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) appearance of the prostate following focal laser ablation (FLA) for PCa and to identify imaging characteristics associated with recurrent disease. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent FLA for low-intermediate risk PCa between 2010 and 2014 was performed. Early (median 4 months) and late mpMRI (median 49 months) follow-up were qualitatively assessed for T2-weighted, dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) appearances and also compared to corresponding PSA values and biopsy results. Results: 55 cancers were treated in 54 men (mean age 61.0 years). Early mpMRI was performed in 30 (54.5%) patients while late follow-up mpMRI in 42 (84%). Ill-defined scarring with and without atrophy at the treatment site were the most common appearances. In patients with paired MRI and biopsy, one of four patients with clinically significant PCa on biopsy (≥GG2 or≥6 mm GG1) showed hyperenhancement or restricted diffusion at early follow-up. At late follow-up, positive biopsies were seen in 5/8 (63%) cases with hyperenhancement and 5/6 (83%) cases with restricted diffusion at the treatment site. PSA change was not associated with biopsy results at either time point. Conclusion: mpMRI is able to document the morphological and temporal changes following focal therapy. It has limited ability to detect recurrent disease in early months following treatment. Late-term mpMRI is sensitive at identifying patients with recurrent disease. Small sample size is, however, a limitation of the study. Advances in knowledge: Implementing MRI in follow-up after FT may be useful in predicting residual or recurrent PCa and therefore provide reliable outcome data.

scholarly journals The accuracy of diagnostic tests for GH deficiency in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hazem ◽  
Mohamed B Elamin ◽  
German Malaga ◽  
Irina Bancos ◽  
Yolanda Prevost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Supporting Evidence

ContextThe diagnostic accuracy of tests used to diagnose GH deficiency (GHD) in adults is unclear.ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that provided data on the available diagnostic tests.Data sourcesWe searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Sciences, and Scopus) through April 2011.Study selectionReview of reference lists and contact with experts identified additional candidate studies. Reviewers, working independently and in duplicate, determined study eligibility.Data extractionReviewers, working independently and in duplicate, determined the methodological quality of studies and collected descriptive, quality, and outcome data.Data synthesisTwenty-three studies provided diagnostic accuracy data; none provided patient outcome data. Studies had fair methodological quality, used several reference standards, and included over 1100 patients. Several tests based on direct or indirect stimulation of GH release were associated with good diagnostic accuracy, although most were assessed in one or two studies decreasing the strength of inference due to small sample size. Serum levels of GH or IGF1 had low diagnostic accuracy. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of the two most commonly used stimulation tests were found to be 95 and 89% for the insulin tolerance test and 73 and 81% for the GHRH+arginine test respectively. Meta-analytic estimates for accuracy were associated with substantial heterogeneity.ConclusionSeveral tests with reasonable diagnostic accuracy are available for the diagnosis of GHD in adults. The supporting evidence, however, is at high risk of bias (due to heterogeneity, methodological limitations, and imprecision).

Foreign direct investments, democracy, and economic growth in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazif Durmaz
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run

Purpose In the last decade, foreign direct investment (FDI) flows have increased dramatically in the world, especially in the emerging economies. Some of these countries make changes in their market conditions that will improve the civil rights and liberties to attract better FDI flows. The purpose of this paper is to test the linkage between democracy and FDI flows to Turkey. Design/methodology/approach The present study employs a bounds testing procedure developed (Pesaran et al., 2001) for cointegration analysis on six different long-run models with selected determinants of FDIs with yearly data from 1977 to 2011. Findings The intuition the paper empirically provides how improvements in democracy have a significant positive impact on FDI flows to Turkey. The results may also put forward that, in the long run, FDI inflows will have spillover effects in Turkey’s economy. Research limitations/implications Although one drawback in the study is having a small sample size of 35 observations, estimating six different long-run models is one way to overcome it. Thus presented results may be in short of simplification for some readers. This, however, opens an opportunity for future studies to further the proposal by employing in different models and/or longer data sets if possible. Practical implications A stable government policies, more civil freedom, and sustained institution politics should not be ignored in Turkey given its geopolitical location. Originality/value This paper satisfies the established need to study of democracy and FDI flows link is necessary in an emerging market such as Turkey.

scholarly journals What determines forward-looking information disclosure in Bangladesh?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-239
Author(s):  
Pappu Kumar Dey ◽  
Manas Roy ◽  
Mohsina Akter
Keyword(s):  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Forward Looking

PurposeThe study aims to examine the level and extent of forward-looking information (FLI) disclosure and identify the determinants driving the FLI disclosure (FLID) in the context of an emerging and developing economy.Design/methodology/approachThe sample includes annual reports of the top 30 listed companies in Bangladesh for the years 2013–2017. The content analysis approach is used to examine the practice of FLID and to determine the extent of FLID based on the index. Multiple linear regression analysis is performed to identify the determinants of FLID.FindingsThis research finds that board size, auditor's global affiliation, leverage and profitability have a substantial positive impact on FLID. By contrast, firm size and listing age have a significant negative association with FLID. Moreover, contrary to our expectation, female representation in the boardroom has an inverse effect on FLID. This study, however, does not suggest any significant impact of board independence.Research limitations/implicationsSmall sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings. Besides, the FLID index score may be affected by the subjective judgment while analyzing the content of the annual report.Practical implicationsThe findings of this paper may assist the regulators and policymakers in incorporating this new reporting paradigm in regulations. Alternatively, the current research can serve as a basis to further understand the importance of FLID for the stakeholders.Originality/valueThis empirical study contributes to the current FLI literature in Bangladesh. A handful of studies have been done to examine the nature and level of FLID and find out the determinants of FLID in the developing countries. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no study yet has been explored on FLID and its determinants by classifying them as qualitative and quantitative in Bangladesh.

Current treatment efficacy for metastatic soft tissue sarcoma: A targeted literature review.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23577-e23577
Author(s):  
Heide Stirnadel-Farrant ◽  
Anadi Mahajan ◽  
Navdeep Dhillon ◽  
Nashita Patel ◽  
Shibani Pokras
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Wide Range

e23577 Background: Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare malignancy with an annual incidence rate of < 5 cases per 100,000 persons; outcomes for metastatic STS (mSTS) are poor. A targeted literature review was conducted to quantify the efficacy/effectiveness of current mSTS therapies. Methods: A structured search based on the population, intervention, comparator, outcome, study type (PICOS) framework was performed on articles (2009–2019) in MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central. Limited congress searches (ESMO, AACR, ASCO 2016–2018/2019) were also conducted. Clinical trials (CT) and observational studies (Obs) involving patients (pts, any age) with advanced mSTS receiving any pharmacological intervention were included. After screening, selected efficacy (CT) or effectiveness (Obs) endpoints (including progression-free survival [PFS], overall survival [OS], overall response rate, and duration of response) stratified by line of treatment (LOT, if available) were extracted. Results: Overall, 85 studies (56 CT, 29 Obs) met inclusion criteria; study size was 20–4,274 pts. PFS and OS (from 70 studies) were reported for pts with mSTS treated with a wide range of interventions including doxorubicin, trabectedin, pazopanib, and gemcitabine. Across any LOT, median PFS ranged 1.5–9.3 months in CT and 2.1–11.0 months in Obs; ranges were 5.7─28.8 months and 7.0─38.6 months, respectively, for OS. Median PFS and OS were generally lower with later (vs initial) LOT; few studies assessed ≥4 LOT (Table). Outcome data (any LOT) for trabectedin and pazopanib (the only approved targeted mSTS treatments) are shown in Table. Conclusions: This review of the efficacy/effectiveness of current treatments highlights the unmet clinical need for therapies that improve survival outcomes in pts with mSTS. Results may be influenced by small sample size, pt population, and care improvements over the period studied. [Table: see text]

Children’s response to co-branded products: the facilitating role of fit

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 1032-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Charry ◽  
Nathalie T. M. Demoulin
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Branding Strategies ◽  
Consumption Intentions ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to represent the first empirical investigation of co-branding strategies whose target is children. It analyses such strategies’ potential in the context of brand extension for non-familiar brands combined with familiar ones and provides managerial implications for both brands. Design/methodology/approach – A leisure centre-based survey was used to collect information on children’s attitudes, evaluations of fit and consumption intentions of co-branded products. Findings – The findings confirm that co-branding strategies may have a very positive impact on attitudes towards partner brands, intentions to consume co-branded products and the host brand. They also indicate that consumption intentions for other products from the host product category are enhanced. From a theoretical perspective, the study stresses the essential mediating role of brand fit. Indeed, this construct appears to enable preadolescents to integrate simultaneous evaluations of two brands while constructing their attitudes towards one product. The asymmetric spill-over effect is also confirmed, with the non-familiar (weaker) brand benefiting more from the co-branding than the familiar (strong) brand. Research limitations/implications – The main limitations pertain to the small sample size and the absence of direct behavioural measures that could be added through later research. It would also be interesting to study further the concept of fit and the nature of the underlying mediating process (cognitive vs affective) among the target audience, as well as to analyse the impact of the various types of co-branding (functional vs symbolic). Practical implications – The derived guidelines suggest how non-familiar brands to the pre-adolescent target (including retailers’ brand) may expand their businesses through successful alliances with a more familiar brand that is viewed favourably. Social implications – In this study, concerns were high to select a co-branded product that does not harm children’s health, to the contrary (vegetable soup with cheese). The results demonstrate that the tactic may increase the target’s intentions to eat products that it would not necessarily fancy (as often the case for healthy products) while contributing to the positive development of economic actors. In this, the paper shows that economic interests should not always be opposed to social welfare. Originality/value – This study investigates the very popular strategy of brand alliance among an original target (eight-to 12-year-olds) and identifies the original process through which preadolescents appraise two brands that endorse one product, a unique marketing context. This represents an important starting point to further studies on brand alliances.

Hippotherapy and life habits with children with motor deficit and neurodevelopmental impairment: A pilot survey of parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Alex Potvin-Bélanger ◽  
Andrew Freeman ◽  
Claude Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Life Habit ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Life Habits

PURPOSE: Hippotherapy is used by rehabilitation professionals to assist children with various diagnoses. Despite parents’ pivotal decision-making role regarding their children’s life and treatment, little is known about their perceptions of hippotherapy’s utility. This pilot study explored parents’ opinions regarding hippotherapy’s impact on their child’s life habits, as guided by the Disability Creation Process model. METHODS: A survey was conducted in September/October 2017 with the parents of children with varied diagnoses receiving hippotherapy in Quebec. The survey asked parents to priority rank life habit categories and then grade hippotherapy’s service characteristics and impact on children’s life habits. Descriptive analysis and proportion tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The parents of 26 children completed the survey. These children were on average seven years old with multiple diagnoses (e.g., autism spectra, developmental delay). A positive impact was perceived for 10 of 12 life habit categories, with a statistically significant association found with Mobility and Interpersonal relationships. It was not possible to calculate the association between the profession involved and hippotherapy effects due to the small sample size. CONCLUSION: This investigation provides some promising results regarding the benefits of hippotherapy for children’s life habits.

scholarly journals A Theory of Constraints analysis of organisational budgeting processes: International research and New Zealand managers' perceptions.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Graham Scott
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Central Buffer ◽  
Budgeting Process ◽  
Current Reality

<p>The purpose of this research was to use the Theory of Constraints (TOC) Thinking Processes (TP) to examine the problems and issues associated with Traditional Budgeting in organisations. TOC gave a framework to look at the causality of the problems, identify missing entities, and test solutions. The research was structured in two phases. Phase one sought to organise the problems identified in the literature review using the logic-based framework of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) Current Reality Tree (CRT) to better understand the interactions and causality between the various problems reported. During phase two, interviews were conducted in two Not-For-Profit organisations to test the existence of these problems, the interactions of the problems in the organisations and to see if the literature-informed Current Reality Tree reflected managers’ perceptions, and to find any further causality.  The findings revealed that the managers of these New Zealand organisations perceive they face the same problems as those outlined in the literature. In particular, the budgeting process is felt to be a time-consuming exercise, that causes competition between budget holders for funds, disempowers staff, lowers strategic focus, and “wastes” money as budget holders build in contingency and then spend it.  These problems occur because costs are often unpredictable and there are often negative consequences for getting budget figures wrong. The findings indicate that organisation governors and upper management want certainty of costs, so they use planning and reforecasting to get it. The findings also indicate that the managers of the budgets want certainty on delivery of outputs and add contingency to their budgets to get it. The actions of Leadership use up time and the actions of managers use up money. There is therefore an increase in the internal competition for time and money, which causes siloing of departments, less focus on strategy, and disempowering of staff.  The findings indicate that managers add contingency to their budgets and can then use it because expenses vary in their level of predictability and in how discretionary they are. Unpredictable costs that cannot be deferred can be the most dangerous for budget holders and cause the most pressure to add contingency. Budget holders can then use this contingency along with the deferral of some types of expenses to keep themselves within budget if expenses are higher than anticipated. Conversely, other expenses may be brought forward or inflated to use up any excess contingency.  Alternative budgeting methods like Activity Based Budgeting, Zero-Based Budgeting, Rolling Forecasting and Continuous Budgeting focus on planning and reforecasting to get certainty. The approach known as Beyond Budgeting may reduce the budgeting workload requirement, which then frees up time and therefore empowers managers. Strategic Budgeting overcomes unpredictability by aggregating the contingencies in the individual budgets into a central buffer so that not all funds are allocated before the financial year starts.  Phase two of the research was limited to a small sample size of 10 interviews across two Not-For-Profit organisations. Further research will be needed to see if it is applicable in other settings. The practical implications for organisations relate to the effect that the Leadership demand for planning and reforecasting has on managers’ time. In particular, Leadership also need to understand that the reason managers add contingency is not to disrupt the organisation but so they can deliver on their outputs.  The contribution from this research are both theoretical and methodological. The research provides a deeper understanding of the systemic complex of cause-effect relationships that link over-arching problems to core causes of the issues arising for the use of the Traditional Budgeting Process. The research also demonstrates the use and efficacy of the TOC TP’s to bring clarity and organisation to the research, findings and insights.</p>

scholarly journals A Theory of Constraints analysis of organisational budgeting processes: International research and New Zealand managers' perceptions.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Graham Scott
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Central Buffer ◽  
Budgeting Process ◽  
Current Reality

<p>The purpose of this research was to use the Theory of Constraints (TOC) Thinking Processes (TP) to examine the problems and issues associated with Traditional Budgeting in organisations. TOC gave a framework to look at the causality of the problems, identify missing entities, and test solutions. The research was structured in two phases. Phase one sought to organise the problems identified in the literature review using the logic-based framework of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) Current Reality Tree (CRT) to better understand the interactions and causality between the various problems reported. During phase two, interviews were conducted in two Not-For-Profit organisations to test the existence of these problems, the interactions of the problems in the organisations and to see if the literature-informed Current Reality Tree reflected managers’ perceptions, and to find any further causality.  The findings revealed that the managers of these New Zealand organisations perceive they face the same problems as those outlined in the literature. In particular, the budgeting process is felt to be a time-consuming exercise, that causes competition between budget holders for funds, disempowers staff, lowers strategic focus, and “wastes” money as budget holders build in contingency and then spend it.  These problems occur because costs are often unpredictable and there are often negative consequences for getting budget figures wrong. The findings indicate that organisation governors and upper management want certainty of costs, so they use planning and reforecasting to get it. The findings also indicate that the managers of the budgets want certainty on delivery of outputs and add contingency to their budgets to get it. The actions of Leadership use up time and the actions of managers use up money. There is therefore an increase in the internal competition for time and money, which causes siloing of departments, less focus on strategy, and disempowering of staff.  The findings indicate that managers add contingency to their budgets and can then use it because expenses vary in their level of predictability and in how discretionary they are. Unpredictable costs that cannot be deferred can be the most dangerous for budget holders and cause the most pressure to add contingency. Budget holders can then use this contingency along with the deferral of some types of expenses to keep themselves within budget if expenses are higher than anticipated. Conversely, other expenses may be brought forward or inflated to use up any excess contingency.  Alternative budgeting methods like Activity Based Budgeting, Zero-Based Budgeting, Rolling Forecasting and Continuous Budgeting focus on planning and reforecasting to get certainty. The approach known as Beyond Budgeting may reduce the budgeting workload requirement, which then frees up time and therefore empowers managers. Strategic Budgeting overcomes unpredictability by aggregating the contingencies in the individual budgets into a central buffer so that not all funds are allocated before the financial year starts.  Phase two of the research was limited to a small sample size of 10 interviews across two Not-For-Profit organisations. Further research will be needed to see if it is applicable in other settings. The practical implications for organisations relate to the effect that the Leadership demand for planning and reforecasting has on managers’ time. In particular, Leadership also need to understand that the reason managers add contingency is not to disrupt the organisation but so they can deliver on their outputs.  The contribution from this research are both theoretical and methodological. The research provides a deeper understanding of the systemic complex of cause-effect relationships that link over-arching problems to core causes of the issues arising for the use of the Traditional Budgeting Process. The research also demonstrates the use and efficacy of the TOC TP’s to bring clarity and organisation to the research, findings and insights.</p>

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