scholarly journals A protocol for a systematic review of behaviour change techniques used in the context of stillbirth prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Tamara Escañuela Sanchez ◽  
Molly Byrne ◽  
Sarah Meaney ◽  
Keelin O'Donoghue ◽  
Karen Matvienko-Sikar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
General Information ◽  
High Income ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Stillbirth is a devastating pregnancy outcome that affects approximately 3.5 per 1000 births in high-income countries. Previous research has highlighted the importance of focusing prevention efforts on targeting risk factors and vulnerable groups. A wide range of risk factors has been associated with stillbirth before, including maternal behaviours such as back sleep position, smoking, alcohol intake, illicit drug use, and inadequate attendance at antenatal care. Given the modifiable nature of these risk factors, there has been an increase in the design of behaviour change interventions targeting such behaviours to reduce the risk of stillbirth. Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify all behavioural interventions with a behavioural component designed and trialled for the prevention of stillbirth in high-income countries, and to identify the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used in such interventions using the Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy V1 (BCTTv1). Inclusion criteria: Interventions will be included in this review if they (1) have the objective of reducing stillbirth rates with a focus on behavioural risk factors; (2) are implemented in high-income countries; (3) target pregnant women or women of childbearing age; and (4) are published in research articles. Methods: A systematic search of the literature will be conducted. The results of the search will be screened against our inclusion criteria by two authors. The following data items will be extracted from the selected papers: general information, study characteristics, participant and intervention/approach details. The Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) risk of bias criteria will be used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Intervention content will be coded for BCTs as present (+) or absent (-) by two authors using the BCTTv1, discrepancies will be discussed with a third author. A narrative synthesis approach will be used to present the results of this systematic review.

scholarly journals The effect of behavioural interventions targeting hand hygiene practices among nurses in high-income hospital settings: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Sands ◽  
Alexander M. Aiken ◽  
Oliver Cumming ◽  
Robert Aunger
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Hand Hygiene Compliance ◽  
High Income ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
Hygiene Compliance ◽  
Theories Of Change

Abstract Background Hand hygiene is a critical behaviour for infection control but efforts to raise compliance among clinical professionals have been met with mixed success. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the effectiveness of the behaviour change techniques utilised in recent hand hygiene interventions that seek to improve hand hygiene compliance among nurses in hospitals in high-income countries. Nurses are at the frontline of healthcare delivery, and so improving their HH behaviour and thus increasing HHC rates will have a relatively large impact on reducing transmission and preventing healthcare acquired infections. Methods High-quality studies among nurses in high-income countries were surveyed from the scientific literature, following PRISMA guidelines, to identify which kinds of behaviour change mechanisms have been used to effectively increase hand hygiene compliance. Only seven studies met all inclusion criteria. A formal meta-analysis was not conducted due to the heterogeneity of the included studies. Instead, the review analysed studies in line with the Intervention Component Analysis approach to identify which differences in intervention characteristics appear to be important. Analysis proceeded in two steps: first, the Effective Practice and Organization of Care Data Extraction Checklist was used to identify the study design and to describe the intervention, target population, setting, results, outcome measures, and analytic approach. The second step involved inferring the behavioural change techniques used in the complex study interventions. Following coding, logic models were then inferred for each study to identify the Theory of Change behind each intervention. These Theories of Change were then examined for suggestions as to which BCTs were likely to have been responsible for any effectiveness observed. Results Goals and planning (to achieve specific ends), comparison of behaviour (to peers or some ideal) and feedback and monitoring (observing and providing feedback about behaviour or outcomes) were the most frequently used behaviour change technique groupings used across studies and within interventions. Conclusion The complexity of the interventions used and lack of sufficient studies makes assignment of responsibility for behaviour change to specific behaviour change techniques difficult. Delivery channels and activities identified in the study Theories of Change were also highly individualized and so difficult to compare. However, we identified a temporal shift in types of techniques used in these recent studies on HH interventions, as compared with studies from prior to the review period. These newer interventions did not focus on providing access to alcohol-based hand rub or trying to solely encourage administrative support. Instead, they had nurses create goals and plan how to best facilitate HH, compared both individuals’ and the group’s behaviour to others, and focused on providing feedback.

Stress, anxiety, depression and burnout in frontline health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a brief systematic review and new data from Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Mosolova ◽  
Dmitry Sosin ◽  
Sergey Mosolov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have been subject to increased workload while also exposed to many psychosocial stressors. In a systematic review we analyze the impact that the pandemic has had on HCWs mental state and associated risk factors. Most studies reported high levels of depression and anxiety among HCWs worldwide, however, due to a wide range of assessment tools, cut-off scores, and number of frontline participants in the studies, results were difficult to compare. Our study is based on two online surveys of 2195 HCWs from different regions of Russia during spring and autumn epidemic outbreaks revealed the rates of anxiety, stress, depression, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and perceived stress as 32.3%, 31.1%, 45.5%, 74.2%, 37.7% ,67.8%, respectively. Moreover, 2.4% of HCWs reported suicidal thoughts. The most common risk factors include: female gender, nurse as an occupation, younger age, working for over 6 months, chronic diseases, smoking, high working demands, lack of personal protective equipment, low salary, lack of social support, isolation from families, the fear of relatives getting infected. These results demonstrate the need for urgent supportive programs for HCWs fighting COVID-19 that fall into higher risk factors groups.

scholarly journals Informing the public health response to COVID-19: a systematic review of risk factors for disease, severity, and mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Flook ◽  
C. Jackson ◽  
E. Vasileiou ◽  
C. R. Simpson ◽  
M. D. Muckian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

Abstract Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has challenged public health agencies globally. In order to effectively target government responses, it is critical to identify the individuals most at risk of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), developing severe clinical signs, and mortality. We undertook a systematic review of the literature to present the current status of scientific knowledge in these areas and describe the need for unified global approaches, moving forwards, as well as lessons learnt for future pandemics. Methods Medline, Embase and Global Health were searched to the end of April 2020, as well as the Web of Science. Search terms were specific to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19. Comparative studies of risk factors from any setting, population group and in any language were included. Titles, abstracts and full texts were screened by two reviewers and extracted in duplicate into a standardised form. Data were extracted on risk factors for COVID-19 disease, severe disease, or death and were narratively and descriptively synthesised. Results One thousand two hundred and thirty-eight papers were identified post-deduplication. Thirty-three met our inclusion criteria, of which 26 were from China. Six assessed the risk of contracting the disease, 20 the risk of having severe disease and ten the risk of dying. Age, gender and co-morbidities were commonly assessed as risk factors. The weight of evidence showed increasing age to be associated with severe disease and mortality, and general comorbidities with mortality. Only seven studies presented multivariable analyses and power was generally limited. A wide range of definitions were used for disease severity. Conclusions The volume of literature generated in the short time since the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 has been considerable. Many studies have sought to document the risk factors for COVID-19 disease, disease severity and mortality; age was the only risk factor based on robust studies and with a consistent body of evidence. Mechanistic studies are required to understand why age is such an important risk factor. At the start of pandemics, large, standardised, studies that use multivariable analyses are urgently needed so that the populations most at risk can be rapidly protected. Registration This review was registered on PROSPERO as CRD42020177714.

O impacto da Covid-19 na Odontologia – revisão sistemática

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (46) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Ana de Lourdes Sá de Lira ◽  
Francisca Janiele de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Irreversible Pulpitis

This study aimed to review, qualify and summarize the existing evidence on associations and risk factors for Covid-19 during dental treatment and dentists’ knowledge about these risks. After being registered with PROSPERO, the systematic review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, with searches in electronic databases, in specific journals, manual searches and Google Scholar, without language restrictions, from December 2019 to August 2020. Two questions were asked to be investigated: did patients seek dental care in the emergency room and do dentists know the symptoms and the mode of transmission of Covid-19, feeling qualified to attend them? Only 6 articles were included because they met all defined inclusion criteria. It was concluded that endodontic urgencies and emergencies with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis are the most common, consisting of a much higher proportion of dental emergencies during Covid-19 epidemic compared with dental trauma and no-urgent care. Although dentists are aware of the symptoms, mode of transmission, infection controls, and measures in dental clinics, they do not feel confident about the correct measures to be taken to prevent Covid-19 for their staff and patients.

Is Individual Child Play Therapy Effective?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Drisko ◽  
Perri Corvino ◽  
Lisa Kelly ◽  
Jane Nielson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Play Therapy ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Individual Child ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Child Play ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Wide Range

This article reports a systematic review of the effectiveness of individual child play therapy with children aged 4–12 on several different presenting concerns. From over 5,000 citations, 180 studies were reviewed in detail and 17 met the inclusion criteria. A wide range of results on different concerns were revealed, with effect sizes ranging from d = –0.04 to g = 3.63, though most ranged from .35 to .80. Across most concerns, play therapy was affirmed as an empirically supported therapy.

scholarly journals Interventions to support family caregivers of people living with dementia in high, middle and low-income countries in Asia: a scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. e001830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladson Hinton ◽  
Duyen Tran ◽  
Thuc-Nhi Nguyen ◽  
Janis Ho ◽  
Laura Gitlin
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Caregiver ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
High Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cultural Adaptations ◽  
Wide Range

IntroductionDespite increasing numbers of persons living with Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s-related dementias (AD/ADRD) in Asia, particularly in low-income countries (LIC) and middle-income countries (MIC), surprisingly little is known about the current state of the evidence for family caregiver interventions. The objectives of this scoping review were to: (1) describe the evidence for efficacy of family dementia-caregiver psychosocial interventions in Asian countries, (2) compare evidence across LIC, MIC, and high-income countries (HIC), and (3) characterise cultural adaptions to interventions developed outside Asia.MethodsThe inclusion criteria included: (1) conducted in Asia (2) included an intervention delivered to a family caregiver of a person living with AD/ADRD, (3) reported quantitative outcomes for the family caregiver and (4) published in a peer-reviewed journal with full text available in English.ResultsThirty intervention trials were identified meeting inclusion criteria and all reported statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in one or more caregiver outcomes. Interventions usually included multiple components. The most frequently reported outcomes (ie, by ≥20% of studies) were caregiver depression, burden, quality of life and self-efficacy. Overall, 26 (87%) of the studies were conducted in HIC in Asia, primarily in Hong Kong SAR—China and Taiwan, and only 4 (13%) in LIC and MIC in Asia. Seven studies (23%) used interventions developed in USA and several described cultural adaptations.ConclusionThis scoping review found substantial evidence, particularly from high-income Asian countries, that a wide range of interventions improve AD/ADRD family caregiver outcomes. However, critical knowledge gaps exist, particularly for LIC and MIC in Asia, where the number of persons with dementia is numerically largest and projected to increase dramatically in coming decades. The field could also benefit from more detailed descriptions of the process and types of cultural adaptations to interventions.

scholarly journals A systematic review of behaviour change techniques within interventions to prevent return to smoking postpartum

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey J. Brown ◽  
Wendy Hardeman ◽  
Linda Bauld ◽  
Richard Holland ◽  
Vivienne Maskrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques
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