scholarly journals A systematic review protocol of quantitative instruments of income inequality in studies of children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
David O Driscoll ◽  
Elizabeth Kiely ◽  
Linda O Keeffe ◽  
Ali Khashan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Background: Income inequality is an important indicator of socioeconomic position which is a determinant of social, psychological, and physical health outcomes from childhood to adulthood. Different income inequality instruments (metrics) are used to investigate associations between income inequality and health outcomes (e.g. Gini coefficient, Theil Index). Income inequality instruments provide unique information on the construct of socioeconomic inequality. Albeit there is variation in studies as to the type and rationale for using a particular quantitative instrument of income inequality. The aim of this systematic review will investigate and identify the most used quantitative income inequality instrument in studies of children and adolescents Methods: The PRISMA-P framework will be applied to identify high quality articles (PROSPERO: CRD42021259114). A search will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO. The search will include studies concerned with income inequality and/or socioeconomic inequality in children and adolescents. All articles will be independently reviewed, data extracted, and quality appraised by two reviewers and a third to arbitrate disputes. Articles will be initially reviewed by title and abstract using inclusion criteria. A data extraction form will be used. Three questions will be answered on the quality of the rationale for using a particular income inequality instrument and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will be used to assess bias and quality. The primary outcome of interest is the type and frequency of quantitative income inequality instrument used and the study outcome associated with that income inequality instrument. Conclusions: This systematic review will aim to explore and provide a summary of the different types of quantitative income inequality instruments used in studies of child and adolescent populations.  This will help to guide researchers and policy makers on the inclusion and use of income inequality metrics in future studies aimed at understanding associations with health and social outcomes in children and adolescents.

Impact of surgery timing for craniosynostosis on neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Mandela ◽  
Maggie Bellew ◽  
Paul Chumas ◽  
Hannah Nash
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
Surgery Timing ◽  
Anesthetic Exposure

OBJECTIVEThere are currently no guidelines for the optimum age for surgical treatment of craniosynostosis. This systematic review summarizes and assesses evidence on whether there is an optimal age for surgery in terms of neurodevelopmental outcomes.METHODSThe databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase + Embase Classic, and Web of Science were searched between October and November 2016 and searches were repeated in July 2017. According to PICO (participants, intervention, comparison, outcome) criteria, studies were included that focused on: children diagnosed with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, aged ≤ 5 years at time of surgery; corrective surgery for nonsyndromic craniosynostosis; comparison of age-at-surgery groups; and tests of cognitive and neurodevelopmental postoperative outcomes. Studies that did not compare age-at-surgery groups (e.g., those employing a correlational design alone) were excluded. Data were double-extracted by 2 authors using a modified version of the Cochrane data extraction form.RESULTSTen studies met the specified criteria; 5 found a beneficial effect of earlier surgery, and 5 did not. No study found a beneficial effect of later surgery. No study collected data on length of anesthetic exposure and only 1 study collected data on sociodemographic factors.CONCLUSIONSIt was difficult to draw firm conclusions from the results due to multiple confounding factors. There is some inconclusive evidence that earlier surgery is beneficial for patients with sagittal synostosis. The picture is even more mixed for other subtypes. There is no evidence that later surgery is beneficial. The authors recommend that future research use agreed-upon parameters for: age-at-surgery cut-offs, follow-up times, and outcome measures.

scholarly journals What does my neighbourhood have to do with my weight? A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic status and body weight

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e017567
Author(s):  
Shimels Hussien Mohammed ◽  
Mulugeta Molla Birhanu ◽  
Tesfamichael Awoke Sissay ◽  
Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold ◽  
Balewgizie Sileshi Tegegn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Using Data

IntroductionIndividuals living in poor neighbourhoods are at a higher risk of overweight/obesity. There is no systematic review and meta-analysis study on the association of neighbourhood socioeconomic status (NSES) with overweight/obesity. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse the existing evidence on the association of NSES with overweight/obesity.Methods and analysisCross-sectional, case–control and cohort studies published in English from inception to 15 May 2017 will be systematically searched using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar. Selection, screening, reviewing and data extraction will be done by two reviewers, independently and in duplicate. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) will be used to assess the quality of evidence. Publication bias will be checked by visual inspection of funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Heterogeneity will be checked by Higgins’s method (I2statistics). Meta-analysis will be done to estimate the pooled OR. Narrative synthesis will be performed if meta-analysis is not feasible due to high heterogeneity of studies.Ethics and disseminationEthical clearance is not required as we will be using data from published articles. Findings will be communicated through a publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentations at professional conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017063889.

Private Rooms in Low Acuity Settings: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Voigt ◽  
Michael Mosier ◽  
Rabih Darouiche
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
Patient Falls ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
High Acuity ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
Quality Evidence

Objectives: Determine if the peer-reviewed evidence supports single-patient ward bedrooms in low-acuity care settings within a hospital. Background: New evidence exists since the 2006 Facility Guideline Institute guideline recommended single-bedded rooms (SBRs) in low-acuity care settings. Additionally, prior studies evaluated high-acuity care settings (e.g., critical care) in their recommendations on SBRs. There is a need to reevaluate the evidence. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was completed including electronic and hand searches of references. A data extraction form was utilized. Two reviewers evaluated the studies independently. Studies that were included examined the effect of single-patient rooms on medical surgical ward beds only. Each study was graded using accepted clinical evidence grading instruments. Results: Over 1,400 records were identified. After excluding studies, a total of 49 records were graded. The highest quality evidence identified (Center for Evidence-Based Medicine [CEBM]: 2a, 2b, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation [GRADE] C) did not support the use of single-patient rooms for reducing infections, for minimizing patient falls, for reducing medication errors, or for patient satisfaction. Operational efficiencies were improved with SBRs but only addressed the maternity ward. The lowest quality evidence (CEBM: 4/5 and GRADE D) supported the use of single-patient rooms. Conclusions: Based on CEBM and GRADE assessments, there is a lack of high-quality data supporting the use of low-acuity SBRs throughout the entire hospital. Furthermore, it is recommended that more research be conducted on the effect of SBRs, so higher quality evidence is developed.

scholarly journals The effect of including the Nordic Hamstring exercise on sprint and jump performance in athletes: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper Krommes ◽  
Mathias F. Nielsen ◽  
Laura Krohn ◽  
Birk M. Grønfeldt ◽  
Kristian Thorborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Force Production ◽  
List Type ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractThe Nordic Hamstring exercise reduces hamstring strain injuries in football and other sports, but the exercise is not well adopted in practice. Barriers from practitioners include fear of performance decrements, due to lack of specificity of the exercise with high speed running. However, in theory, increased eccentric hamstring strength could transfer to faster sprinting due to higher horizontal force production. Studies on the effect of the Nordic Hamstring exercise on performance have been conflicting and no synthesis of the evidence exists. We therefore pose the following question: does including the Nordic Hamstring exercise hamper sprint or jump performance in athletes? We will answer this question by performing a systematic review of the literature, critically appraise relevant studies, and GRADE the evidence across key outcomes and perform meta-analyses, meta-regression and subgroup analyses. In this protocol we outline the planned methods and procedures.Progress reportBesides this protocol, our data extraction form and the process of data extraction has been piloted on 3 relevant studies, along with familiarization with the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. We have also comprised a preliminary search strategy for PubMed.Supplementary filesData Extraction Form (.pdf)Populated PRISMA-P checklist (.pdf)

scholarly journals Cancer services during the COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review of patients' and caregivers' experiences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Symran Dhada ◽  
Derek Stewart ◽  
Ejaz Cheema ◽  
Muhammed Abdul Hadi ◽  
Vibhu Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
English Language ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
The Impact

Background Cancer patients have faced intersecting crises in the face of COVID-19 pandemic. This review aimed to examine patients' and caregivers' experiences of accessing cancer services during the COVID-19 pandemic and perceived impact of the pandemic on their psychological wellbeing. Methods A protocol-led (CRD42020214906) systematic review was conducted by searching six databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE and CINAHL for articles published in English-language between 1/2020-12/2020. Data were extracted using a pilot-tested, structured data extraction form. Thematic synthesis of data was undertaken and reported as per the PRISMA guideline. Results A total of 1110 articles were screened of which 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies originated from 10 different countries including the US, UK, India and China. Several themes were identified which were categorised into seven categories. Postponement and delays in cancer screening and treatment, drug shortages and inadequate nursing care were commonly experienced by patients. Hospital closures, resource constraints, national lockdowns and patient reluctance to use health services because of infection worries contributed to the delay. Financial and social distress, isolation; and spiritual distress due to the uncertainty of rites as well as fulfilment of last wishes were also commonly reported. Caregivers felt anxious about infecting cancer patients with COVID-19. Conclusions Patients and caregivers experienced extensive impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening, treatment and care, and their own psychological wellbeing. Patient and caregiver views and preferences should be incorporated in ensuring resilient cancer services that can minimise the impact of ongoing and future pandemic on cancer care and mitigate patient fears.

scholarly journals Health system interventions to integrate genetic testing in routine oncology services: A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250379
Author(s):  
Rosie O’Shea ◽  
Natalie Taylor ◽  
Ashley Crook ◽  
Chris Jacobs ◽  
Yoon Jung Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Genetic Counselling ◽  
Implementation Research ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Inner Setting

Background Integration of genetic testing into routine oncology care could improve access to testing. This systematic review investigated interventions and the tailored implementation strategies aimed at increasing access to genetic counselling and testing and identifying hereditary cancer in oncology. Methods The search strategy results were reported using the PRISMA statement and four electronic databases were searched. Eligible studies included routine genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer or uptake after universal tumour screening for colorectal or endometrial cancer. The titles and abstracts were reviewed and the full text articles screened for eligibility. Data extraction was preformed using a designed template and study appraisal was assessed using an adapted Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Extracted data were mapped to Proctor’s et al outcomes and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and qualitatively synthesised. Results Twenty-seven studies, published up to May 2020, met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies ranged from poor (72%), fair to good (28%) quality. Most interventions identified were complex (multiple components) such as; patient or health professional education, interdisciplinary practice and a documentation or system change. Forty-eight percent of studies with complex interventions demonstrated on average a 35% increase in access to genetic counselling and a 15% increase in testing completion. Mapping of study outcomes showed that 70% and 32% of the studies aligned with either the service and client or the implementation level outcome and 96% to the process or inner setting domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Conclusion Existing evidence suggests that complex interventions have a potentially positive effect towards genetic counselling and testing completion rates in oncology services. Studies of sound methodological quality that explore a greater breadth of pre and post implementation outcomes and informed by theory are needed. Such research could inform future service delivery models for the integration of genetics into oncology services.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenetics of Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Systematic Review Protocol (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi ◽  
Negar Sarhangi ◽  
Anoosh Naghavi ◽  
Marzieh Rahbaran ◽  
Maryam Hassani Doabsari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Review Protocol

UNSTRUCTURED The objective of this systematic review is to determine the effect of genetic variants that associate with antidiabetic medications and their efficacy and toxicity in T2DM patients. The understanding may allow interventions for improving management of T2DM and later systematically evaluated in more in-depth studies. We will have performed a comprehensive search using PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Sciences and Cochrane database from 1990 to 2018. Relevant journals and references of all included studies will be hand searched to find the additional studied. Eligible studies such as pharmacogenetics studies in terms of drug response and toxicity in the type 2 diabetes patients and performed just on human will be included. Data extraction and quality assessment will be carried out by two independent reviewers and disagreements will be resolved through third expert reviewer. Risk of bias will be assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized studies and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational Studies. Narrative synthesis will be conducted by the combination of key findings. The results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication and also presented at PROSPERO. We expect this review will provide highly relevant information for clinicians, pharmaceutical industry that will benefit from the summary of the best available data regarding the efficacy of antidiabetic medication in the aspect of pharmacogenetics. PROSPERO Registration number (CRD42018104843)

Reduction of ileocolic intussusception under sedation or anaesthesia: a systematic review of complications

2021 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2021-322706
Author(s):  
Moran Gal ◽  
Shirly Gamsu ◽  
Ron Jacob ◽  
Daniel M Cohen ◽  
Itai Shavit
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intestinal Perforation ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Pulmonary Aspiration ◽  
Ileocolic Intussusception ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Permanent Neurological Deficit ◽  
Ottawa Scale

BackgroundDespite the increased use of sedation in children undergoing stressful procedures, reduction of ileocolic intussusception (RII) is usually performed on awake children without any form of sedation.ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of severe complications of RII under sedation or anaesthesia.DesignA systematic review including English language original articles of any date.PatientsChildren undergoing RII (pneumatic or hydrostatic) under sedation or anaesthesia.Data sourcesOvid Embase, Scopus, PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the internet search engine Google Scholar.Data extractionThree authors independently reviewed each article for eligibility. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the incidence of intestinal perforation during RII. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of sentinel adverse events defined as death, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, permanent neurological deficit and pulmonary aspiration syndrome.ResultsThe search yielded 368 articles. Nine studies with 1391 cases were included in the analysis. Of the nine studies, six had a score of ≤6 stars in the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment, indicating low-to-moderate quality. Propofol-based sedation was used in 849 (59.2%) cases; 5 (0.6%) had intestinal perforation. Intestinal perforation was not reported in patients who were sedated with other sedatives. One patient had pulmonary aspiration syndrome.ConclusionsAlthough caution remains warranted, current data suggest that the incidence of severe complications due to RII under sedation or anaesthesia is low. Due to the lack of prospective data, it is difficult to ascertain the exact incidence of severe complications.

scholarly journals The association between depression and later educational attainment in children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e031595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Wickersham ◽  
Sophie Epstein ◽  
Holly Victoria Rose Sugg ◽  
Robert Stewart ◽  
Tamsin Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Date Estimate

IntroductionDepression represents a major public health concern for children and adolescents, and is thought to negatively impact subsequent educational attainment. However, the extent to which depression and educational attainment are directly associated, and whether other factors play a role, is uncertain. Therefore, we aim to systematically review the literature to provide an up-to-date estimate on the strength of this association, and to summarise potential mediators and moderators on the pathway between the two.Methods and analysisTo identify relevant studies, we will systematically search Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Education Resources Information Centre and British Education Index, manually search reference lists and contact experts in the field. Studies will be included if they investigate and report on the association between major depression diagnosis or depressive symptoms in children and adolescents aged 4–18 years (exposure) and later educational attainment (outcome). Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and full texts according to eligibility criteria, perform data extraction and assess study quality according to a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. If sufficiently homogeneous studies are identified, summary effect estimates will be pooled in meta-analysis, with further tests for study heterogeneity, publication bias and the effects of moderators using meta-regression.Ethics and disseminationBecause this review will make use of already published data, ethical approval will not be sought. The review will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at practitioner-facing conferences, and a lay summary will be written for non-scientific audiences such as parents, young people and teachers. The work will inform upcoming investigations on the association between child and adolescent mental health and educational attainment.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019123068

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