Risk of Various Types of Cataracts in a Cohort of Mayak Workers Following Chronic Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
T. Azizova ◽  
N. Hamada ◽  
E. Grigor'eva ◽  
E. Bragin
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Posterior Subcapsular Cataract ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Cumulative Radiation Dose ◽  
Unit Dose ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Smoking Index

Purpose: To assess cataract type specific risks in a cohort of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods. Material and methods: The present retrospective cohort study included 22,377 workers first employed at a nuclear production facility in 1948–1982 and followed up till the end of 2008. By the end of the follow-up period in the study worker cohort 3123 cases of cortical cataract, 1239 cases of posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) and 2033 cases of nuclear cataracts were registered over 486,245, 489,162, 492,004 person-years of follow-up, respectively. Results: The incidence of PSC, cortical and nuclear cataracts was significantly linearly associated with the cumulative radiation dose. The excess relative risk per unit dose of external gamma-ray exposure (ERR/Sv) was 0.91 (95 % CI: 0.67–1.20) for PSC, 0.63 (95 % CI: 0.49–0.76) for cortical cataracts and 0.47 (95 % CI: 0.35–0.60) for nuclear cataracts. Exclusion of an adjustment for neutron dose and inclusion of additional adjustments for body mass index and smoking index reduced ERRs/Sv for all types of cataracts. However, an additional adjustment for glaucoma increased the incidence risks of cortical and nuclear cataracts just modestly (but not for PSC). Inclusion of an adjustment for diabetes mellitus reduced the ERR/Sv of external gamma-ray exposure only for PSC incidence. Increased incidence risks of all cataract types were observed in both males and females of the study cohort, but ERR/Sv was significantly higher in females (p < 0.001), especially for PSC. Conclusion: The incidence of various types of cataracts in the cohort of workers occupationally chronically exposed to ionizing radiation was associated with the cumulative dose of external gamma-ray exposure.

SKIN MELANOMA INCIDENCE IN WORKERS OCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO IONIZING RADIATION OVER A PROLONGED PERIOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Valentina Rybkina ◽  
Tamara Azizova ◽  
Yevgeniya Grigoreva
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Calendar Period ◽  
Skin Melanoma ◽  
Melanoma Incidence ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Purpose of the study. The study is aimed to investigate skin melanoma incidence in workers occupationally exposed to radiation over a prolonged period. Materials and methods. Skin melanoma incidence was studied in a cohort of workers first employed at nuclear facility Mayak Production Association (PA) between 1948 and 1982 who had been followed up till 31.12.2013 (22,377 individuals). Mean cumulative doses from external gamma-rays over the whole follow-up period were 0.54±0.001 Sv in males and 0.44±0.002 Sv in females. Incident rates for skin melanoma were analyzed by sex, attained age, calendar period of diagnostics and radiation dose using worldwide standard and the direct standardization technique. Results. 60 skin melanoma cases (37 in males and 23 in females) were registered in the study cohort over the whole follow-up period. The standardized skin melanoma incident rate was 8.51±1.46 in males and 8.78±2.27 in females per 100000 workers revealing statistically higher rates compared to corresponding rates for general populations of the Russian Federation, Urals Federal District and Chelyabinsk region. Skin melanoma incidence was significantly increased in the period of 1994 - 2013 as compared to the period of 1974 - 1993. Skin melanoma incidence excess in females was greater than that for males. Skin melanoma incidence increment in females was mostly driven by modifications of disease occurrence risk while in males it was driven by a combined effect of age pattern modifications in the study cohort and increase of disease risk. Conclusions. Skin melanoma incidence rates in the cohort of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over a prolonged period were associated with sex and attained age workers and the calendar period of diagnostics. No significant association of skin melanoma incidence with dose from external gamma-rays was observed. A significantly increasing trend was observed for skin melanoma incidence by the end of the follow-up in both males and females.

scholarly journals Incidence of Primary Glaucoma in a Cohort of Nuclear Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-568
Author(s):  
E. V. Bragin ◽  
T. V. Azizova ◽  
M. V. Bannikova ◽  
A. G. Grinyov
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Internal Reference ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Nuclear Workers ◽  
Mayak Production Association ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Primary Glaucoma

Objective: The study was aimed to estimate primary glaucoma incidence in a cohort of nuclear workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods.Materials and methods. The cohort considered in the study included workers of the Mayak Production Association. All glaucoma cases that were reported in the study worker cohort regardless of its type were identified using the medical and dosimetry database ‘Clinic’. Statistical analyses were performed to estimate non-standardized (crude) and standardized incidence rates for primary glaucoma. Standardization was carried out indirectly using age distribution for the whole cohort as an internal reference. Incidence rates were estimated per 1000 person-years in accordance with conventional medical statistics.Results. At the end of the follow-up period, 476 primary glaucoma cases were reported in the study worker cohort over 482,217 person-years of the follow-up. The standardized primary glaucoma incidence was estimated to be 1.00 ± 0.05 in males and 0.70 ± 0.07 in females. Crude primary glaucoma estimates in both males and females increased with the increasing attained age of the workers. Crude incidence rates in males were significantly higher than in females for age 50–69. The standardized primary glaucoma incidence in males was also significantly increased compared to females. The standardized primary glaucoma incidence rates were increasing throughout the period from 1960s to the end of the follow-up.

scholarly journals Breast cancer incidence rates in women exposed to occupational ionizing radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Anna V. Rumyantseva ◽  
Tamara V. Azizova ◽  
Mariya V. Bannikova ◽  
Ol’ga V. Zubkova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Increasing Trend

Introduction. Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies within female incidence and mortality patterns in the RF. Study objective. To analyze BC incidence in females exposed to occupational ionizing radiation over prolonged periods. Materials and methods. The study cohort included 5689 females who had been occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation throughout 1948-1982 and followed up until 31.12.2018. Results. BC was on the top of the list among females of the study cohort (11.9%). BC prevalence rate in the female cohort understudy was 28.3% as of 31.12.2018. The standardized BrCa incidence rate was 0.88 ± 0.07 per 1000 person-years of the follow-up. The absolute BrCa case increase in the females was 1.29, with the rise of 232.48% by the end of the follow-up due to the rise in age categories of females and the elevating risk of the disease occurrence. Discussion. The study cohort of females demonstrated standardized BrCa incidence rates consistent with the corresponding estimates for the general female population of the RF. Meanwhile, the observed rates were lower than those estimated for the female population of the Chelyabinsk region. The increasing trend of the standardized BC incidence rate by the end of the follow-up period (31.12.2018) was consistent with WHO statistics. The extended follow-up for an updated assessment of ionizing radiation effect on BC incidence is required to develop new cancer prevention strategies. Conclusion. The study demonstrated that BC incidence rates in the study cohort varied by age and calendar period of the follow-up. The increasing trend of the standardized rates of BC incidence was observed by the end of the follow-up.

scholarly journals Descriptive characteristics of gynecological malignant neoplasms

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
A. V. Rumyantseva ◽  
M. V. Bannikova ◽  
T. V. Azizova
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Mayak Production Association ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
The One

Background. Gynecological malignant neoplasms (GMN) are the leading disease group among female cancers.Objective: to characterize GMN in females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods.Materials and methods. The cohort considered in the study included females (n = 5689) who had been hired at the Mayak Production Association in the period between 1948 and 1982. All these females were exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods during their employment. They were followed up until 31.12.2018. Two groups of females were identified in the study cohort: the one with a verified GMN (the main group) and another one free of GMN (the control group). The occupational and reproductive characteristics were analyzed for the identified groups of females, and associations of GMN with various risk factors were assessed.Results. Among GMN the uterine corpus cancer had the top position. In 70 % of the females GMN were diagnosed during a menopausal period. The females of the main group demonstrated significantly higher frequency of underlying pre-malignant conditions (endometriosis, uterine myoma, endometrial hyperplastic processes, ovarian epidermoids, menopausal bleedings) compared to the control group.Conclusion. Studies of GMN in females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods for sure are of a certain scientific and practical interest. The findings can provide the basis for specialized cancer care for employees of the nuclear industry.

scholarly journals Previous Malignancy as a Risk Factor for the Second Solid Cancer in a Cohort of Nuclear Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Mikhail Osipov ◽  
Mikhail Sokolnikov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Second Cancer ◽  
Alpha Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Workers ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

This paper describes the results of epidemiological analysis of a cohort of nuclear workers hired at the main facilities of “Mayak” Production Association located in the city of Ozyorsk in Southern Urals of the Russian Federation. Previous malignancy as a risk factor for second cancer in a cohort of 22,373 workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation has been analyzed in a retrospective study with more than 60 years of follow-up. Information on main radiation and non-radiation risk factors (attained age, sex, tobacco smoking), as well as the dose of exposure to occupational ionizing radiation has been obtained for the analysis using the data from cancer register as well as other main population registries created in Epidemiological Laboratory of Southern Urals Biophysics Institute. Poisson’s regression realized in the “Amfit” module of “Epicure” statistical package has been applied for risk analysis. Excess relative risk per 1 Gy of absorbed dose of external gamma radiation and internal alpha radiation has been calculated using linear model. Among the 2,471 cancer cases accumulated in the study cohort to the end of follow-up 6.4% of second cancer cases have been diagnosed among workers occupationally exposed to protracted external gamma- and internal alpha radiation. The relative risk of second cancer (except for non-melanoma skin cancer) among nuclear workers with previously diagnosed cancer was about 4 times higher after a decade compared with those cancer patients who had single cancer only. The results showed that previous malignancy along with main non-radiation factors is statistically significant carcinogenic risk factor among nuclear workers exposed to protracted occupational radiation. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0301-2 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals isks of incidence of breast cancer in a cohort of females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
A.V. Rumyantseva ◽  
◽  
T.V. Azizova ◽  
M.V. Bannikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Categorical Data Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Breast cancer (BrCa) holds the first rank place in morbidity and mortality due to malignant neoplasms among Russian women. BrCa is a multifactorial disease and ionizing radiation is among factors that cause elevated risks of developing BrCa. Our research aim was to assess relative risk (RR) of incidence of BrCa among women who were occupationally exposed to chronic ionizing radiation taking into account radiation and non-radiation factors. RR of incidence of BrCa was analyzed in a cohort of women employed at a nuclear production enterprise, namely Mayak PA, in 1948–1982. 95 % of women started working at the enterprise at their reproductive age. All those women were chronically exposed to ionizing radiation at their workplaces. A mean cumulative breast absorbed dose of external gamma-ray exposure amounted to 0.45 (standard deviation was 0.68) Gy; an average cumulative muscle absorbed dose of internal alpha-particle exposure amounted to 0.003 (0.01) Gy. According to data taken from “Clinic” medical-dosimetric database, 165 BrCa cases were detected in 157 women of the analyzed cohort (8 women had BrCa in both breasts). Our analysis involved calculating RR of incidence of BrCa in relation to known non-radiation and radiation factors. Categorical data analysis was performed without age-related and calendar period-related stratification and with them. RR was analyzed based on Poisson regression with AMFIT module in EPICURE software package. Incidence of BrCa was revealed to be associated with attained age, age of menarche, age of menopause, number of abortions, age of concomitant diseases prior to cancer diagnosis, height, body mass index, age of hiring at the Mayak PA. There was no relationship between BrCa incidence and cumulative doses of occupational chronic external gamma-ray, internal alpha-particle and neutron exposure.

Management and outcomes of isolated interhemispheric subdural hematomas associated with falx syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 1920-1925
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Tonetti ◽  
William J. Ares ◽  
David O. Okonkwo ◽  
Paul A. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Deterioration ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Venous Infarction ◽  
Nonsurgical Management ◽  
Subdural Hematomas ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Contemporary Management

OBJECTIVELarge interhemispheric subdural hematomas (iSDHs) causing falx syndrome are rare; therefore, a paucity of data exists regarding the outcomes of contemporary management of iSDH. There is a general consensus among neurosurgeons that large iSDHs with neurological deficits represent a particular treatment challenge with generally poor outcomes. Thus, radiological and clinical outcomes of surgical and nonsurgical management for iSDH bear further study, which is the aim of this report.METHODSA prospectively collected, single-institution trauma database was searched for patients with isolated traumatic iSDH causing falx syndrome in the period from January 2008 to January 2018. Information on demographic and radiological characteristics, serial neurological examinations, clinical and radiological outcomes, and posttreatment complications was collected and tallied. The authors subsequently dichotomized patients by management strategy to evaluate clinical outcome and 30-day survival.RESULTSTwenty-five patients (0.4% of those with intracranial injuries, 0.05% of those with trauma) with iSDH and falx syndrome represented the study cohort. The average age was 73.4 years, and most patients (23 [92%] of 25) were taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications. Six patients were managed nonoperatively, and 19 patients underwent craniotomy for iSDH evacuation; of the latter patients, 17 (89.5%) had improvement in or resolution of motor deficits postoperatively. There were no instances of venous infarction, reaccumulation, or infection after evacuation. In total, 9 (36%) of the 25 patients died within 30 days, including 6 (32%) of the 19 who had undergone craniotomy and 3 (50%) of the 6 who had been managed nonoperatively. Patients who died within 30 days were significantly more likely to experience in-hospital neurological deterioration prior to surgery (83% vs 15%, p = 0.0095) and to be comatose prior to surgery (100% vs 23%, p = 0.0031). The median modified Rankin Scale score of surgical patients who survived hospitalization (13 patients) was 1 at a mean follow-up of 22.1 months.CONCLUSIONSiSDHs associated with falx syndrome can be evacuated safely and effectively, and prompt surgical evacuation prior to neurological deterioration can improve outcomes. In this study, craniotomy for iSDH evacuation proved to be a low-risk strategy that was associated with generally good outcomes, though appropriately selected patients may fare well without evacuation.

scholarly journals Retrospective biodosimetry using translocation frequency in a stable cell of occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Su Cho ◽  
Jin Kyung Lee ◽  
Keum Seok Bae ◽  
Eun-Ae Han ◽  
Seong Jae Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Translocation Frequency

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome Features and Excess Weight Were Inversely Associated with Nut Consumption after 1-Year Follow-Up in the PREDIMED-Plus Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 3161-3170
Author(s):  
Alicia Julibert ◽  
Maria del Mar Bibiloni ◽  
Laura Gallardo-Alfaro ◽  
Manuela Abbate ◽  
Miguel Á Martínez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Study Cohort

ABSTRACT Background High nut consumption has been previously associated with decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) regardless of race and dietary patterns. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess whether changes in nut consumption over a 1-y follow-up are associated with changes in features of MetS in a middle-aged and older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk. Methods This prospective 1-y follow-up cohort study, conducted in the framework of the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial, included 5800 men and women (55–75 y old) with overweight/obesity [BMI (in kg/m2) ≥27 and &lt;40] and MetS. Nut consumption (almonds, pistachios, walnuts, and other nuts) was assessed using data from a validated FFQ. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to 1 y in features of MetS [waist circumference (WC), glycemia, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure] and excess weight (body weight and BMI) according to tertiles of change in nut consumption. Secondary outcomes included changes in dietary and lifestyle characteristics. A generalized linear model was used to compare 1-y changes in features of MetS, weight, dietary intakes, and lifestyle characteristics across tertiles of change in nut consumption. Results As nut consumption increased, between each tertile there was a significant decrease in WC, TG, systolic blood pressure, weight, and BMI (P &lt; 0.05), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (only in women, P = 0.044). The interaction effect between time and group was significant for total energy intake (P &lt; 0.001), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) (P &lt; 0.001), and nut consumption (P &lt; 0.001). Across tertiles of increasing nut consumption there was a significant increase in extra virgin olive oil intake and adherence to the MedDiet; change in energy intake, on the other hand, was inversely related to consumption of nuts. Conclusions Features of MetS and excess weight were inversely associated with nut consumption after a 1-y follow-up in the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. This trial was registered at isrctn.com as ISRCTN89898870.

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