scholarly journals isks of incidence of breast cancer in a cohort of females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
A.V. Rumyantseva ◽  
◽  
T.V. Azizova ◽  
M.V. Bannikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Categorical Data Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Breast cancer (BrCa) holds the first rank place in morbidity and mortality due to malignant neoplasms among Russian women. BrCa is a multifactorial disease and ionizing radiation is among factors that cause elevated risks of developing BrCa. Our research aim was to assess relative risk (RR) of incidence of BrCa among women who were occupationally exposed to chronic ionizing radiation taking into account radiation and non-radiation factors. RR of incidence of BrCa was analyzed in a cohort of women employed at a nuclear production enterprise, namely Mayak PA, in 1948–1982. 95 % of women started working at the enterprise at their reproductive age. All those women were chronically exposed to ionizing radiation at their workplaces. A mean cumulative breast absorbed dose of external gamma-ray exposure amounted to 0.45 (standard deviation was 0.68) Gy; an average cumulative muscle absorbed dose of internal alpha-particle exposure amounted to 0.003 (0.01) Gy. According to data taken from “Clinic” medical-dosimetric database, 165 BrCa cases were detected in 157 women of the analyzed cohort (8 women had BrCa in both breasts). Our analysis involved calculating RR of incidence of BrCa in relation to known non-radiation and radiation factors. Categorical data analysis was performed without age-related and calendar period-related stratification and with them. RR was analyzed based on Poisson regression with AMFIT module in EPICURE software package. Incidence of BrCa was revealed to be associated with attained age, age of menarche, age of menopause, number of abortions, age of concomitant diseases prior to cancer diagnosis, height, body mass index, age of hiring at the Mayak PA. There was no relationship between BrCa incidence and cumulative doses of occupational chronic external gamma-ray, internal alpha-particle and neutron exposure.

Risk of Various Types of Cataracts in a Cohort of Mayak Workers Following Chronic Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
T. Azizova ◽  
N. Hamada ◽  
E. Grigor'eva ◽  
E. Bragin
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Posterior Subcapsular Cataract ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Cumulative Radiation Dose ◽  
Unit Dose ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Smoking Index

Purpose: To assess cataract type specific risks in a cohort of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods. Material and methods: The present retrospective cohort study included 22,377 workers first employed at a nuclear production facility in 1948–1982 and followed up till the end of 2008. By the end of the follow-up period in the study worker cohort 3123 cases of cortical cataract, 1239 cases of posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) and 2033 cases of nuclear cataracts were registered over 486,245, 489,162, 492,004 person-years of follow-up, respectively. Results: The incidence of PSC, cortical and nuclear cataracts was significantly linearly associated with the cumulative radiation dose. The excess relative risk per unit dose of external gamma-ray exposure (ERR/Sv) was 0.91 (95 % CI: 0.67–1.20) for PSC, 0.63 (95 % CI: 0.49–0.76) for cortical cataracts and 0.47 (95 % CI: 0.35–0.60) for nuclear cataracts. Exclusion of an adjustment for neutron dose and inclusion of additional adjustments for body mass index and smoking index reduced ERRs/Sv for all types of cataracts. However, an additional adjustment for glaucoma increased the incidence risks of cortical and nuclear cataracts just modestly (but not for PSC). Inclusion of an adjustment for diabetes mellitus reduced the ERR/Sv of external gamma-ray exposure only for PSC incidence. Increased incidence risks of all cataract types were observed in both males and females of the study cohort, but ERR/Sv was significantly higher in females (p < 0.001), especially for PSC. Conclusion: The incidence of various types of cataracts in the cohort of workers occupationally chronically exposed to ionizing radiation was associated with the cumulative dose of external gamma-ray exposure.

scholarly journals THE ENDOCRINE METABOLIC DISORDERS IN CHILDREN OF FEMALE WORKERS OF NUCLEAR ENERGETICS ENTERPRISE

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Svetlana F. Sosnina ◽  
P. V. Okatenko
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Female Workers

The article presents the results of evaluation of post-natal deviations in offspring of individuals underwent irradiation exposure at work that testify necessity of supporting radiation security of personnel of reproductive age. Purpose of study. To analyze endocrine metabolic disorders in children of female workers of nuclear industry having cumulated pre-conceptive doses of external gamma-radiation. Material and methods. The retrospective analysis was carried out concerning data of medical documentation of 1190 children prior to age of 15 years old. Out of them, 238 children were offspring of mothers underwent radiation exposure at work. The methods of non-parametric statistics were applied. The factorial analysis method of principal components was applied to establish latent factors. Results. The range of pre-conceptive doses of external gamma-radiation of gonads of mothers made up to 0,09-3523,7 mGy and average absorbed dose on gonads made up to 373,6 ± 34,2 mGy. In the groups, no significant differences in rate of endocrine metabolic pathology were established. In the structure of class "Diseases of endocrine system, nutrition disorders and metabolic imbalance" prevalence of rickets and malnutrition of children of early age were established. In the group of offspring of radiation exposed mothers, a statistically reliable exceeding of both thyroid pathology in general and iodine-deficiency conditions was established with main input of sub-group of girls. There was no evidence of autoimmune endocrine pathology and malignant neoplasms of thyroid gland in the examined groups. The factorial analysis in the group of offspring of female workers of nuclear industry marked out five factors characterizing feeding of infant of the first year of life (dispersion 25.5%), obstetrical anamnesis of mothers (dispersion 11.1%), harmful habits of mothers (dispersion 9.8%), anthropometric status of newborns (dispersion 7.3%) and pre-conceptive irradiation of mothers (dispersion 6.2%). The higher factorial load of variable "dose on gonads" (0.8) is demonstrated. Conclusion. The presented characteristics can be used for early detection of endocrine metabolic disorders in offspring of irradiation exposed mothers in case of dispensary observation.

scholarly journals An age related study of morphology of human uterus

2016 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 028-035
Author(s):  
Malamoni Dutta ◽  
H Bayan
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Abstract Background and aims: The uterus is subjected to a wide range of normal variation in both its anatomy and physiology e.g. the changes of childhood to puberty and into the reproductive years, the variations of menstrual cycle, the changes consequent to pregnancy and parturition and fmally regression associated with menopause and postmenopausal years. It is a very important organ of female reproductive system and is subjected to investigation for size, shape and position in cases of infertility. The study of normal morphological architecture is of prime importance to have the basic knowledge of the various pathological entities. Materials and methods : 30 samples each from reproductive and postmenopausal women were collected from fresh unembalmed human cadavers. Biometrical values of the two different groups were recorded and statistically analyzed for Mean. The 'z' test was employed to find out the significant difference between mean values of length, breadth, thickness and weight. Results: The Length, Breadth , Thickness and weight of uterus in Reproductive age group and Post - menopausal age group differ significantly. The length, breadth, thickness and weight ranged from 6.2-9.0 em, 4.9-6.1 em, 2-3.5 em, 35.4-73 gm respectively in reproductive age group. In the postmenopausal group the length, breadth, thickness and weight ranged from 3.8-6.5 em, 1.8-5.0 em, 1-2.3 em, 18-40.0 gm respectively. Conclusion: A clear conception of the age related morphological changes ofuterus is a prerequisite for the radiologists for pelvic imaging and for clinicians for diagnosis and management of various diseases like benign and malignant neoplasms and infertility.

Characteristics of breast cancer in females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
A. V. Rumyantseva ◽  
T. V. Azizova ◽  
M. V. Bannikova ◽  
O. V. Zubkova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Coping Behavior of Women with Cancer (Case of Patients with Breast Cancer)

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
D.A. Tsiring ◽  
◽  
I.N. Pakhomova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Cancer Case ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Age Related

The problem of survival and effectiveness of treatment for cancer is an urgent and socially significant task of modern science. Today, medicine is focused on improving the survival rate of patients with malignant neoplasms, increasing their life expectancy, and maintaining the life quality of this category of patients. Support for cancer patients is a priority in medical and psychological research, in which it is particularly important to identify the prerequisites of the disease, survival factors and psychological resources for adaptation to the disease. Breast cancer is accompanied by strong emotional stress, has a psychotraumatic effect on the patient and affects many aspects of life. The role of coping with the diagnosis, as well as with the stress caused by a long treatment process, is currently insufficiently studied. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to study coping behavior in women with breast cancer for a period of up to six months after diagnosis. It was a longitudinal study that last for three years. This article reflects the results of the first section of our study. We have found that women with breast cancer tend to suppress emotional responses and control their own experiences. When studying the age-related features of coping behavior, we found that 30-to 40-year-old women are more likely to use avoiding, social and confrontational coping than older women. Married women prefer to look for positive aspects in the current difficult life conditions, rather than unmarried. Coping behavior of women who have a job differs from coping behavior of women who have no job. The former are more likely to use such strategies as Confrontational coping, Search for social support, Escape-avoidance, Planning a solution to the problem. In addition, we found that the level of education is associated with the choice of coping strategies. For example, women with higher education tend to plan for resolving difficulties, maintain self-control, seek conditional benefits from the current situation, and are more likely to seek social support than women with secondary vocational education. The study of coping behavior in women with breast cancer as part of a longitudinal study reveals the specifics and dynamics of overcoming difficulties at the initial and subsequent stages of treatment. The identified differences will serve as the basis for creating a program for developing coping behavior and a program for psychological support of patients with cancer, as well as for further empirical study of other psychological factors of survival and disease course in patients with malignant neoplasms.

scholarly journals Descriptive characteristics of gynecological malignant neoplasms

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
A. V. Rumyantseva ◽  
M. V. Bannikova ◽  
T. V. Azizova
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Mayak Production Association ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
The One

Background. Gynecological malignant neoplasms (GMN) are the leading disease group among female cancers.Objective: to characterize GMN in females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods.Materials and methods. The cohort considered in the study included females (n = 5689) who had been hired at the Mayak Production Association in the period between 1948 and 1982. All these females were exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods during their employment. They were followed up until 31.12.2018. Two groups of females were identified in the study cohort: the one with a verified GMN (the main group) and another one free of GMN (the control group). The occupational and reproductive characteristics were analyzed for the identified groups of females, and associations of GMN with various risk factors were assessed.Results. Among GMN the uterine corpus cancer had the top position. In 70 % of the females GMN were diagnosed during a menopausal period. The females of the main group demonstrated significantly higher frequency of underlying pre-malignant conditions (endometriosis, uterine myoma, endometrial hyperplastic processes, ovarian epidermoids, menopausal bleedings) compared to the control group.Conclusion. Studies of GMN in females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods for sure are of a certain scientific and practical interest. The findings can provide the basis for specialized cancer care for employees of the nuclear industry.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF LYMPHOID NEOPLASM RISK FACTORS IN PEOPLE OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO PROLONGED IONIZING RADIATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
D. E. Kalinkin ◽  
A. B. Karpov ◽  
D. E. Maksimov ◽  
E. N. Kiriakidi ◽  
R. M. Takhauov
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
External Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Objective: To estimate the incidence of malignant neoplasms of lymphoid tissue (MNLT) among employees of the siberian chemical combine (SCC) occupationally exposed to prolonged ionizing radiation.Material and methods. The study included 44,041 employees of the SCC, of whom 16,938 were occupationally exposed to prolonged low-intensity ionizing radiation (IR). Of 295 cases with hemoblastoses, there were 89 with occupational exposure to IR. The structure and incidence of hemoblastoses (based on the number of person-years of observation, (PYO), as well as the standardized relative risk (SRR) of their development and excess relative risk (err) per unit dose of radiation (GR) were evaluated. Calculation of SRR was carried out for the following intervals of the total dose of external exposure: 0; >0–0.05; >0.05–0.10; >0.10-0.15; >0.15–0.20; >0.20-0.30; >0.30-0.50; >0.5–1.0; ≥ 1.0 Gy. The control group consisted of occupationally non-exposed employees of the SCC. The calculation of SRR and err was performed using the poisson regression using the amfit module of the EPICURE package.Results. The incidence of MNLT among males of SCC was 17.1 per 100,000 PYO, with the highest incidence rates for Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic leukemia (CL) excluding CLL. Among females of the SCC, the incidence of MNLT was 21.3 per 100,000 PYO. It was found that in none of the intervals of the external exposure there was no statistically significant excess of the SRR compared with the control group. The results of ERR/GY calculation also did not demonstrate the increased risk of hemoblastosis among people occupationally exposed to IR.Conclusion. Occupational exposure in the studied dose range does not increase the risk of developing MNLT.

Electrons generated from machine sources operated at or below an energy level of 10 MeV The eV (electronvolt) is the unit of energy used to measure and describe the energy of electrons and of other types of radiation. The energy of 1 eV is equivalent to the kinetic energy acquired by an electron on being accelerated through a potential difference of 1 V. The eV is a very small unit of energy. It is therefore more common to speak of keV (kiloelectronvolt = 1000 eV) or MeV (megaelectronvolt = 1 million eV). To convert eV to units of energy one can use the conversion 1 MeV = 1.602 X 10“ J (joule). Gamma rays and x-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum (Fig. 1), which reaches from the low-energy, long-wavelength radiowaves to the high-energy, short-wavelength cosmic rays. Radiowaves, infrared (IR) waves, and visible light are nonionizing radiations. Ultraviolet (UV) light can ionize only certain types of molecule under specific conditions and is generally not consid­ ered as ionizing radiation. X-rays and gamma rays are identical in their physical properties and in their effect on matter; they differ in their origin. X-rays are produced by machines and exhibit a wide continuous spectrum of radiation, whereas gamma rays come from radioactive isotopes (radionuclides) in a discon­ tinuous spectrum of radiation intensities. When ionizing radiation penetrates into a medium (e.g., the irradiated food) all or part of the radiation energy is absorbed by the medium. This is called the absorbed dose. The unit in which the absorbed dose is measured is the gray (Gy); it is equal to the absorption of 1 J (joule)/kg. One kGy (kilogray) = 1000 Gy. Formerly the dose unit rad was used. It was defined as 100 erg/g. The conversion of old to new units is based on the relationship 1000 rad = 1 Gy, or 1 krad = 10 Gy, or 1 Mrad = 10 kGy. The dose accumulated per unit of time is called the dose rate. Gamma ray sources provide a relatively low dose rate (typically 100-10,000 Gy/h, whereas

1995 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Small Unit

scholarly journals THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OF BREAST CANCER PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
S. V. Sidorov ◽  
Yu. I. Bravve ◽  
N. Yu. Chernus
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Actuality. In the conditions of modern development of medicine constantly there is an improvement of existing and emergence of  new methods of treatment of oncological diseases. The use of high- tech methods of medical care for the treatment of cancer allows to  increase the survival rates in the detection and subsequent  treatment of malignant neoplasms. This circumstance causes the  appearance of patients with cancer desire not only to cure this  underlying disease, but also to preserve the quality of life that  preceded it. Often, patients of reproductive age wish to realize their  reproductive function. The article analyzes the possibilities of the  medical organization, when detecting breast cancer in a patient of  childbearing age, to use methods of treatment aimed at the implementation of the patient’s reproductive rights.Purpose of research. To perform the law on the protection of  public health, which provides patient before the start of anticancer  therapy kryokonservierung oocyte.Results. It is noted that such opportunities are limited by the current legislation that does not grant the right to persons with such  cancer at the expense of the budget to use the methods of assisted  reproduction and cryopreservation technologies to maintain their  reproductive potential. The article substantiates the need to  consolidate the possibility for women of childbearing age who have  breast cancer and want to realize their reproductive function after  treatment before chemo - and radiation therapy to receive and  cryopreservate with the subsequent storage of oocytes, embryos or ovarian tissue at the expense of the budget.

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