scholarly journals Descriptive characteristics of gynecological malignant neoplasms

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
A. V. Rumyantseva ◽  
M. V. Bannikova ◽  
T. V. Azizova
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Mayak Production Association ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
The One

Background. Gynecological malignant neoplasms (GMN) are the leading disease group among female cancers.Objective: to characterize GMN in females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods.Materials and methods. The cohort considered in the study included females (n = 5689) who had been hired at the Mayak Production Association in the period between 1948 and 1982. All these females were exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods during their employment. They were followed up until 31.12.2018. Two groups of females were identified in the study cohort: the one with a verified GMN (the main group) and another one free of GMN (the control group). The occupational and reproductive characteristics were analyzed for the identified groups of females, and associations of GMN with various risk factors were assessed.Results. Among GMN the uterine corpus cancer had the top position. In 70 % of the females GMN were diagnosed during a menopausal period. The females of the main group demonstrated significantly higher frequency of underlying pre-malignant conditions (endometriosis, uterine myoma, endometrial hyperplastic processes, ovarian epidermoids, menopausal bleedings) compared to the control group.Conclusion. Studies of GMN in females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods for sure are of a certain scientific and practical interest. The findings can provide the basis for specialized cancer care for employees of the nuclear industry.

scholarly journals Incidence trend for colorectal cancer in the cohort of workers exposed to ionizing radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
G. V. Zhuntova ◽  
T. V. Azizova ◽  
M. V. Bannikova ◽  
T. P. Zavarukhina
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Production Association ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Median Dose ◽  
Mayak Production Association ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Incidence

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms. Main causes inducing this type of cancer are factors related to the life style and occupational exposures to chemical agents. Some studies demonstrated an association of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality with ionizing radiation. The aim of the present study was to assess the trend in colorectal cancer incidence in a cohort of nuclear workers employed at the Mayak Production Association who had been exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods. The cohort comprised 22,377 workers (25% of females) employed at one of the main plants (reactors, radiochemical and plutonium production plants) of the Mayak Production Association in 1948-1982 who had been externally exposed to gamma rays (cumulative absorbed colon doses were 0–5.85 Gy with the corresponding median dose of 0.16 Gy) and those who had inhaled aerosols containing plutonium particles had been also internally exposed to alpha radiation (cumulative absorbed colon doses were 0–0.18 Gy with the corresponding median dose of 0.0002 Gy). Over the period of 1948–2018, 239 colon cancers and 186 rectum cancers were diagnosed in the study cohort. The incidence of colorectal malignancies among workers of the study cohort was shown to increase with age above 50. Age-standardized incidence rates were higher in males than in females. The time trend analysis of age-standardized rates of colorectal malignancies among workers of the study cohort was performed using a spline regression. The trend of age-standardized rates of colorectal cancer incidence in the Mayak Production Association workers over the analyzed period was nonmonotonic. In general, the average annual percent change of incidence growth for colon cancer was less than 0.1% (for both sexes), while the corresponding estimates for rectum cancer were 1.1% in males and 30.3% in females. To assess the effect of occupational radiation exposure on the incidence of colorectal malignancies, a radiogenic risk analysis that would take into account non-radiation risk factors should be performed.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF LYMPHOID NEOPLASM RISK FACTORS IN PEOPLE OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO PROLONGED IONIZING RADIATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
D. E. Kalinkin ◽  
A. B. Karpov ◽  
D. E. Maksimov ◽  
E. N. Kiriakidi ◽  
R. M. Takhauov
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
External Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Objective: To estimate the incidence of malignant neoplasms of lymphoid tissue (MNLT) among employees of the siberian chemical combine (SCC) occupationally exposed to prolonged ionizing radiation.Material and methods. The study included 44,041 employees of the SCC, of whom 16,938 were occupationally exposed to prolonged low-intensity ionizing radiation (IR). Of 295 cases with hemoblastoses, there were 89 with occupational exposure to IR. The structure and incidence of hemoblastoses (based on the number of person-years of observation, (PYO), as well as the standardized relative risk (SRR) of their development and excess relative risk (err) per unit dose of radiation (GR) were evaluated. Calculation of SRR was carried out for the following intervals of the total dose of external exposure: 0; >0–0.05; >0.05–0.10; >0.10-0.15; >0.15–0.20; >0.20-0.30; >0.30-0.50; >0.5–1.0; ≥ 1.0 Gy. The control group consisted of occupationally non-exposed employees of the SCC. The calculation of SRR and err was performed using the poisson regression using the amfit module of the EPICURE package.Results. The incidence of MNLT among males of SCC was 17.1 per 100,000 PYO, with the highest incidence rates for Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic leukemia (CL) excluding CLL. Among females of the SCC, the incidence of MNLT was 21.3 per 100,000 PYO. It was found that in none of the intervals of the external exposure there was no statistically significant excess of the SRR compared with the control group. The results of ERR/GY calculation also did not demonstrate the increased risk of hemoblastosis among people occupationally exposed to IR.Conclusion. Occupational exposure in the studied dose range does not increase the risk of developing MNLT.

SKIN MELANOMA INCIDENCE IN WORKERS OCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO IONIZING RADIATION OVER A PROLONGED PERIOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Valentina Rybkina ◽  
Tamara Azizova ◽  
Yevgeniya Grigoreva
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Calendar Period ◽  
Skin Melanoma ◽  
Melanoma Incidence ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Purpose of the study. The study is aimed to investigate skin melanoma incidence in workers occupationally exposed to radiation over a prolonged period. Materials and methods. Skin melanoma incidence was studied in a cohort of workers first employed at nuclear facility Mayak Production Association (PA) between 1948 and 1982 who had been followed up till 31.12.2013 (22,377 individuals). Mean cumulative doses from external gamma-rays over the whole follow-up period were 0.54±0.001 Sv in males and 0.44±0.002 Sv in females. Incident rates for skin melanoma were analyzed by sex, attained age, calendar period of diagnostics and radiation dose using worldwide standard and the direct standardization technique. Results. 60 skin melanoma cases (37 in males and 23 in females) were registered in the study cohort over the whole follow-up period. The standardized skin melanoma incident rate was 8.51±1.46 in males and 8.78±2.27 in females per 100000 workers revealing statistically higher rates compared to corresponding rates for general populations of the Russian Federation, Urals Federal District and Chelyabinsk region. Skin melanoma incidence was significantly increased in the period of 1994 - 2013 as compared to the period of 1974 - 1993. Skin melanoma incidence excess in females was greater than that for males. Skin melanoma incidence increment in females was mostly driven by modifications of disease occurrence risk while in males it was driven by a combined effect of age pattern modifications in the study cohort and increase of disease risk. Conclusions. Skin melanoma incidence rates in the cohort of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over a prolonged period were associated with sex and attained age workers and the calendar period of diagnostics. No significant association of skin melanoma incidence with dose from external gamma-rays was observed. A significantly increasing trend was observed for skin melanoma incidence by the end of the follow-up in both males and females.

Risk of Various Types of Cataracts in a Cohort of Mayak Workers Following Chronic Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
T. Azizova ◽  
N. Hamada ◽  
E. Grigor'eva ◽  
E. Bragin
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Posterior Subcapsular Cataract ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Cumulative Radiation Dose ◽  
Unit Dose ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Smoking Index

Purpose: To assess cataract type specific risks in a cohort of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods. Material and methods: The present retrospective cohort study included 22,377 workers first employed at a nuclear production facility in 1948–1982 and followed up till the end of 2008. By the end of the follow-up period in the study worker cohort 3123 cases of cortical cataract, 1239 cases of posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) and 2033 cases of nuclear cataracts were registered over 486,245, 489,162, 492,004 person-years of follow-up, respectively. Results: The incidence of PSC, cortical and nuclear cataracts was significantly linearly associated with the cumulative radiation dose. The excess relative risk per unit dose of external gamma-ray exposure (ERR/Sv) was 0.91 (95 % CI: 0.67–1.20) for PSC, 0.63 (95 % CI: 0.49–0.76) for cortical cataracts and 0.47 (95 % CI: 0.35–0.60) for nuclear cataracts. Exclusion of an adjustment for neutron dose and inclusion of additional adjustments for body mass index and smoking index reduced ERRs/Sv for all types of cataracts. However, an additional adjustment for glaucoma increased the incidence risks of cortical and nuclear cataracts just modestly (but not for PSC). Inclusion of an adjustment for diabetes mellitus reduced the ERR/Sv of external gamma-ray exposure only for PSC incidence. Increased incidence risks of all cataract types were observed in both males and females of the study cohort, but ERR/Sv was significantly higher in females (p < 0.001), especially for PSC. Conclusion: The incidence of various types of cataracts in the cohort of workers occupationally chronically exposed to ionizing radiation was associated with the cumulative dose of external gamma-ray exposure.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CANCER INCIDENCE AMONG EMPLOYEES OF SIBERIAN GROUP OF CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
D. E. Kalinkin ◽  
R. M. Takhauov ◽  
I. V. Milto ◽  
A. B. Karpov ◽  
L. R. Takhauova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Multiple Primary Tumors ◽  
Multiple Primary ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Siberian Group

Background. One of the main directions in the field of ensuring radiation safety of “nuclear legacy” facilities is the assessment of radiation effects and most significant radiogenic risks in employees of nuclear enterprises and their descendants.Objective. Analysis of the cancer incidence among employees of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises (SGCE) exposed to ionizing radiation in the course of their professional activities.Material and Methods. The actual values and standardized estimated risks of developing cancer among the SGCE workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation were calculated using generally accepted methods based on the information of the regional medical dosimetry registry of Seversk Biophysical Research Center of FMBA, containing updated data on all SGCE employees diagnosed with cancer (period from 01.01.1950 to 31.12.2015 inclusive). The control group consisted of workers who were not occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation.Results. Among the male personnel of the SGCE, the highest incidence of cancer of the digestive, respiratory, and skin organs (including melanoma) was observed in patients aged 50–59 and 70–79 years. Among the female workers, the highest cancer incidence was in the age group 40–49 years; cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, genital tract and breast was the most common. The cancer incidence rate in the SGCE workers who occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was not higher that that observed in the control group. The median age of male cancer patients occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was significantly lower than the median age of male cancer patients of the control group. In female cancer patients, a significant difference in the median age of cancer diagnosis was found only in relation to skin cancer. Both male and female SGCE personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was at high risk of certain cancers: among male patients – cancer of the mesothelium and soft tissues, genital organs, eyes and brain, as well as multiple primary tumors; among female patients – cancer of lips, oral cavity, pharynx, digestive system, respiratory system, skin (including melanoma), mesothelium, soft tissues, breast, urinary tract, lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues, as well as multiple primary tumors.Conclusion. The data obtained will allow determination of the main directions for assessing the health risks of personnel of radiation hazardous facilities and the formation of a set of measures aimed at improving the system of protection and improving the health of workers at radiation hazardous enterprises and the extension of their working longevity. 

scholarly journals Cytogenetic abnormalities in lymphocytes evaluated with micronucleus assay in medical personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 927-939
Author(s):  
Nevenka Velickova ◽  
Misko Milev ◽  
Tatjana Ruskovska ◽  
Biljana Petrova ◽  
Bojana Nedeljkovik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paired Student ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of ionizing radiation on medical personnel using the micronucleus assay and to determine the human health risk. Paired Student?s t-test shows significant statistical difference between the total number of binucleated (BN) cells with micronuclei within the two groups (exposed and control) (t=6,812; p<0,05). The mean of MN frequencies in the exposed group increased in comparison with the mean of MN frequencies in the control group. The formation of small and large micronuclei indicates that medical personnel who are exposed on radiation in their work place, have a chromosomal instability and a risk of cancer.

scholarly journals Positive correlation between micronuclei and necrosis of lymphocytes in medical personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Petrovic ◽  
Andreja Leskovac ◽  
Gordana Joksic
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

BACKGROUND: Current radiation protection standards are based on premise that any radiation dose may result in detrimental health effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate extent of the DNA damages (measured by induction of micronuclei) and interphase cell death in circulating lymphocytes of medical personnel exposed to ionizing radiation. METHODS: Baseline micronuclei were assessed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by flow cytometry for human white blood cells to identify cells that displayed apoptosis-associated DNA condensation. Necrotic cells were analyzed simultaneously. All parameters were compared with corresponding controls. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference (t = 4.54, p = 0.002) was found between exposed and control group in the yield of baseline micronuclei. The level of baseline micronuclei correlated positively with necrosis of leucocytes (r=0.09, p=0.68 in exposed group, r=0.02, p=0.97 in controls). An inverse correlation between baseline micronuclei and apoptosis was noted in both groups of examinees (r = -0.26, p = 0.27 in exposed group, r = -0.09, p=0.80 in controls). The data obtained also suggested an inverse correlation between necrosis and apoptosis (r = -0.37, p = 0.11 in exposed group, r = -0.89, p = 0.001 in controls). CONCLUSION: Flow cytometry being a rapid, fast, and accurate method is strongly recommended in evaluation of radiation injuries. The integration of apoptosis and necrosis into micronucleus assay could be very important in the assessment of cumulative effects of ionizing radiation in occupationally exposed medical personnel.

Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes of hospital staff occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşe Eken ◽  
Ahmet Aydın ◽  
Onur Erdem ◽  
Cemal Akay ◽  
Hatice Tuba Sanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cbmn Assay ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Ionizing radiation is known to induce mutations and cell transformations, predominantly by causing single-strand and double-strand DNA breakage, thereby leading to chromosome instability and carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxic effects in hospital staff exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation in comparison with a selected control group, by using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) tests in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The study included 40 exposed radiology staff and 30 control subjects. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) was significantly increased in radiation-exposed groups compared with control persons (p < 0.05). The frequency of SCE did not show any significant difference in the exposed individuals in comparison to the controls. Our results showed that low-level chronic occupational exposure to ionizing radiation causes an increase of MN frequency in chromosomes, even though the absorbed doses were below the permissible limits. Our studies indicate that the CBMN assay is considered to be sensitive test in contrast to SCE analysis to evaluate chromosomal damage induced by ionizing radiation.

MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS OF THE ORAL FLUID IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WHO HAVE UNDERGONE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Obukhov Yu.A. ◽  
Zhukovskaya E.V. ◽  
Karelin A.F.
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Mineral Homeostasis ◽  
Toxic Damage

Annotation. The authors' study highlights the urgent problem of the development of toxic damage to the dentition under the influence of anticancer therapy in children and adolescents. The aim of the study was to study the violation of the homeostasis of the oral fluid and the severity of the carious process. Materials and methods. As part of a pilot study at the Russian Field Treatment and Rehabilitation Center, 63 children were studied the severity of mineral homeostasis disorders and damage to the dentoalveolar system. Results. In 67% of patients in the main group, there was an increased tendency to form carious cavities. 54.5% of them have complicated caries. One third of patients had more than five carious teeth. In the control group, carious lesions of the teeth in only three patients (20%), with the involvement of 1-3 teeth in the pathological process. Violation of enamel formation was diagnosed in 36% of children of the main group. There is a tendency for the accumulation of the studied microelements in the oral fluid, while in the blood serum there is a normal or insignificant decrease in their content. According to the literature, this may indicate destruction in the oral cavity. Deviations in the homeostasis of chemical elements in children who completed the treatment of malignant neoplasms and children in the control group were revealed. An increased content of osteotrophic microelements was found to correlate with the destructive processes of the teeth. Conclusion. It seems appropriate to study the severity of morphological changes in hard tissues of teeth and the electrolyte composition of mixed saliva in children and adolescents who have been cured of malignant neoplasms. The results of studies of gastric cancer, as an indicator of metabolic disorders, will make it possible not only to reveal the imbalance of macro- and microelements, but also to establish the effectiveness of adaptation mechanisms aimed at normalizing the elemental composition of the oral fluid.

scholarly journals POSSIBILITIES TO IMPROVE THE THERAPY OF THE PATIENTS WITH URETERAL CONCRETIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Maksym Sabadash ◽  
Alexandr Shulyak ◽  
Pavel Chabanov
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Baseline Therapy

The aim of the given study was to improve the results of treatment of patients with concretions of the upper third of the ureter. Materials and methods. The clinical trial was carried out as a non-interventional open, controlled, in two groups of patients with baseline control. The inclusion criteria concerned the patients with concretions of the upper third of the ureter 0.7-0.9 mm in size, which had one session of an extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and after the procedure the size of the concretions fragments was up to3 mm. The study involved 60 patients, all patients in the main group (n = 30) were treated using phytotherapy, within 1 month starting with basic therapy under hospital conditions and continuing with preventative treatment in an outpatient setting. The control group (n = 30) received baseline therapy (up to 10 days) at the stationary stage. Results and discussion. In patients of the main group, fragments of concretions came out significantly faster, namely: in the main group, the fragments came out in 21 patients (70.0 %), while in the control group in 15 patients (50.0 %) (p1- p2, p <0.05) to the 7th day, and in the main group, the fragments came out in one patient more than 14 days, and in the control group – in 5 patients, p <0.05. The "stone path" in the bottom third of the ureter was in 1 patient (3.3 %) of the main group and in 3 patients (10.0 %) in the control group (p1-p2, p <0.05). The "stone path" departure time in patients of the main group was 2 days, and in patients of the control group it was 4.1 days from the time of its formation (p1-p2, p <0.05). Bacteriuria was observed in the main group on the 10th day 6.6 % less relative to the control group. Conclusion. At comparing the obtained results in patients of both groups in 1 month it was noted that high efficacy of the treatment was registered in 6 (20 %) patients of the main group and in 3 patients (10 %) of the control group (p <0.05), moderate efficiency was registered in 23 (76.7 %) patients of the main group and in 22 (73.3 %) patients of the control group respectively, low efficacy was registered in 1 (3.33 %) patient in the main group and 5 (16.7 %) patients of the control group (p <0,05), which points to the effectiveness of Urolesan capsules use in complex therapy of patients with concretions of the one third of ureter.

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