Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Memorizing

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Molecular Models ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Specific Implementation

This article is from the series on the creation of ion-molecular models of memory, dedicated memorizing, i.e., the process of storing information in memory. The authors believe that the process of memorizing is carried out by images, and for the physical model, the question is the theory of soliton-holographic system. The process of memorizing is implemented in the structural changes of molecules and sub-molecular structures, and the way memory is formed during a finite time. The quality memorization requires multiple copies, for example, fractal, soliton-holographic and other images. The authors reviewed more "thin" issues, the specific implementation of the memory. The authors present one of the possible variants of memorizing in the framework of ion-molecular memory model. The concept of memorizing is discussed below in the duality of memory: memorizing and its retrieving as system duality of the mechanism of memory. Regarding the actual images memorizing, we are talking about a set of specific characters, which allow an adequate degree of accuracy to recover memory when retrieving from memory the stored image. The actual process of memorizing is realized in the process of structural transformations of molecular and sub-molecular structures, as a result of certain physic and chemical interactions. Such changes are to be under any influences from the external environment through the senses and evolution in the internal environment. Here the authors emphasize the electromagnetic basis of processes of memorizing and memory, i.e., electrical signals from neurons to structural elements of the library memory. It is important to emphasize that the (real) memorizing not all the information, but only volume that allows to restoring it completely, saves space and time needed to remember.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Structural Elements of the Library Memory and the Interaction Between Them

10.12737/5934 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Functional Completeness ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Protein Nature ◽  
System Memory ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Submolecular Structure

This article is a continuation of a series of works on creation of ion-molecular memory model. Structural elements of the library of memory, as well as their rather complex interaction are considered. The authors are talking about the library in anatomically formed brain. It is believed that information is stored in certain structural elements ("repository of facts"). The concept of directory information and a buffer of information systems and their capacity were introduced. The scheme of possible structure of the library of memory that includes inputs, controllers, switches, transmitters, receivers-directories, drives, and concurrently-cascaded (specialized) of the auxiliary sections of the library memory was proposed and substantiated by the authors. Structural elements of the storage of information already exist in anatomically formed brain, and actually library memory has elements of different physical sizes. Information is also distributed by the authorities, and the smallest unit patterns library memory is one where the only fact is stored. As soon hydrogen ions as carriers of information, easily contact the buffer systems, this indicates that in the system memory other structures to store facts – information are excessive, with the exception of physical and chemical buffers of protein nature. It is also clear: if more capacity information in the buffer, the more information can be stored in it. Structural elements of the library memory can be presented in sufficient functional completeness by controllers, switches, transmitters and drives. It is not excluded that controllers and switches are located within a single molecular (submolecular) structure.

scholarly journals MINDO/3 Study of the Protonation of Phenol and Methylphenols

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 688-696
Author(s):  
M. Eckert-Maksić
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The electronic and molecular structures of phenol and its ortho-meta-, and para-methyl derivates as well as their conjugate acids were studied by the semiempirical MINDO/3 method. The calculations predict substantial structural changes upon protonation. Theoretically predict-ed protonation sites are in very good agreement with experimentally observed modes of protonation under superacidic conditions.

Cyclische Diazastannylene, XVIII [1]Zur Frage der Bindungsbeschreibung in Polyedern des Typs Sn4X3Y:Die Kristall-und Molekülstrukturen von Sn4(NtBu)4 und Sn4(NtBu)3O / Cyclic Diazastannylenes, XVIII [1]Bonding Description in Polyhedra of the Sn4X3Y-Type:The Crystal and Molecular Structures of Sn4(NtBu)4 and Sn4(NtBu)3O

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1054-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Veith ◽  
O. Recktenwald
Keyword(s):  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Van Der Waals Forces ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Triclinic Space Group ◽  
Space Group ◽  
O 213.2 ◽  
Crystal And Molecular Structures

Abstract Crystals of Sn4(NtBu)4 (1) are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with cell constants a = 1038.9(4), b = 1468.3(5), c = 1698.8(5) pm, β = 91.6(1)° and Z = 4, while those of Sn4(NtBu)3O (2) are triclinic, space group P 1̄, with dimensions a = 1293.0(5), b = 1027.1(5), c = 1716.7(9) pm, α = 90.9(1), β = 102.5(1), γ = 107.0(1)° and Z = 4. The molecules 1 are held together by van-der-Waals forces, whereas two molecules 2 interact in the crystal by weak 0→Sn donor bonds (290-332 pm) forming dimers. The outstanding structural elements of 1 and 2 are the Sn4N4 and Sn4N3O polyhedra, which can be described by two interpenetrating tetrahedra of tin atoms and of nitrogen or nitrogen and oxygen atoms forming a distorted cube, which approaches 4̄3 m symmetry in the case of 1 and 3m for 2. Characteristic distances are in 1: Sn-N 220.2 pm, in 2: Sn-N 221.3 pm and Sn-O 213.2 pm. An almost ionic bonding model and two covalent models are discussed on the basis of the structural data including Sn4(NtBu)3OAlMe3.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Coding Techniques (Formalization) and Transfer of Information

10.12737/3324 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Small Mass ◽  
Tunneling Effect ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Information Encoding ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
Transfer Of Information

In previous papers, the authors examined the material elements of memory. This paper is devoted to the methods of coding and transfer information. Encoding mechanisms and spectrum of activity of hydrogen ions, as the dominant feature in the process of encoding information, were studied. In particular, the role of the tunneling effect - as the ability of a hydrogen ion H+ to change their position without loss of energy - was marked. The ability to relay proton transfer in the basic biochemical reactions was noted. The authors identified the main thing - compared with other ions of the material structure of the brain - the small mass of the proton makes it unique among them in this aspect encoding, and transfer information in realization of the mechanism of memory. The basic concept is the informational code memory. Herewith, the actual coding of the information is considered as far from a trivial task, but it is quite solvable (i.e. analyzed in memory model), given the large number of parameters of the electric neural signal. Another aspect is that whatever happened encoding when saving the information in memory should be recoding of parameters of electrical signals parameters of structure and energy of biopolymers or other drives. To retrieve information from memory must be implemented by its decoding images, verbal or other characteristics. The authors note that mechanisms decoding in-memory structure previously known to the authors of the works were not discussed at all. The article considers the basic notion of the spectrum of the activity of hydrogen ions (SАHI). It is SAHI as the general characteristics of the activity of proton, defines all of the “subtle” mechanisms the effectiveness of ion-molecular memory model. It is shown that only the uniqueness of the proton, as biochemical agent, and led him to the isolation of the other ion - as an important element of memory.

To what degree does handling concrete molecular models promote the ability to translate and coordinate between 2D and 3D molecular structure representations? A case study with Algerian students

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boukhechem Mohamed-Salah ◽  
Dumon Alain
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Molecular Models ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Pencil And Paper ◽  
3D Molecular Structure ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Concrete Model

This study aims to assess whether the handling of concrete ball-and-stick molecular models promotes translation between diagrammatic representations and a concrete model (orvice versa) and the coordination of the different types of structural representations of a given molecular structure. Forty-one Algerian undergraduate students were requested to answer a pencil and paper questionnaire at the end of their training for a bachelor's degree in physical sciences to test their abilities to translate from Dash-Wedge or Newman representations to 3D ball-and-stick models (andvice versa) of two molecular structures and from one concrete 3D model to the Fischer projection of the molecule. Our results show that concrete molecular models have the potential to be an effective spatial tool to promote visualization, orientation and rotation abilities. However, the handling of the concrete model did not have the same impact on all students and this effectiveness in promoting the spatial abilities required to translate and coordinate between representations was dependent on the representations: it was greater for Dash-Wedge diagrams than for Newman, and was non-existent for the Fischer projection. An implication of our research is that it may be necessary to work with a model over an extensive period of time to improve the mechanisms by which one translates between various representations when the conventions of these representations are varied in nature.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ARCHITECTURE AT THE NATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LEVEL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorica Lopotenco
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Financial Architecture ◽  
International Financial Architecture ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Functioning Mechanism

The fundamental purpose of this paper is to analyze the transformations in the international financial architecture and their impact on the national financial system. The analysis of the international financial architecture's functioning mechanism suggests its similarity with the software system structure. It is static in the way the system functionality is decomposed and divided into implementation teams. The efficiency of international financial architecture's functioning depends mainly on how balanced and interconnected its elements are. Thus, according to systems theory, only by overcoming the deformation of the international financial architecture at all its levels, it is possible to increase the financial system's overall performance. In this regard, maintaining a dynamic balance in the development of the international financial architecture as an integral unit of its structural elements and functions is becoming of urgent importance. This aspect of the research allows the creation of an instrumental and methodological basis for forecasting the directions for further developing the international financial architecture in the context of the globalization of the world economy at the national financial systems level. This study concludes that the complex solution of the international financial architecture challenges involves creating the foundations for implementing progressive structural changes in the economy and contributing to sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals socru: typing of genome-level order and orientation around ribosomal operons in bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Page ◽  
Emma V. Ainsworth ◽  
Gemma C. Langridge
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Ribosomal Operons ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
Level Order

Rearrangements of large genome fragments occur in bacteria between repeat sequences and can impact on growth and gene expression. Homologous recombination resulting in inversion between indirect repeats and excision/translocation between direct repeats enables these structural changes. One form of rearrangement occurs around ribosomal operons, found in multiple copies across many bacteria, but identification of these rearrangements by sequencing requires reads of several thousand bases to span the ribosomal operons. With long-read sequencing aiding the routine generation of complete bacterial assemblies, we have developed socru, a typing method for the order and orientation of genome fragments between ribosomal operons. It allows for a single identifier to convey the order and orientation of genome-level structure and we have successfully applied this typing to 433 of the most common bacterial species. In a focused analysis, we observed the presence of multiple structural genotypes in nine bacterial pathogens, underscoring the importance of routinely assessing this form of variation alongside traditional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing.

scholarly journals Optimization of the structure of insulating composite materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Zeljko Kos ◽  
Valerii Vyrovoi ◽  
Volodymyr Sukhanov ◽  
Mykhailo Zavoloka ◽  
Aleksandr Gokhman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Design System ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Self Organizing

The article deals with the interdependent relationship between the properties of a structure and the properties of a material, which sets the task of reducing them, even they are indistinguishable, to a certain integrity. The object of research and analysis in the article is a building structure, which is seen as an open self-organized complex structural system. In the main part, the processes of the formation of structures are considered, as well as the classification of structural elements. The article concludes with structural changes related to the self-support and self-development of the network of active elements, which allow the manifestation of adaptation effects and the design-system to function during the normalized period. The importance of self-organization processes during the development and operation of construction systems allow us to attribute it to a self-organizing system. Thus, the building structure can be represented as an open and complex self-organizing system.

Wavelet analysis of ceramic surface images as a method for measuring the size of structural elements

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
M. M. Filyak ◽  
A. G. Chetverikova ◽  
O. N. Kanygina ◽  
I. N. Anisina
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Microwave Field ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Wavelet Spectrum ◽  
Ceramic Surface ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Simple Geometry

The expediency of applying the wavelet analysis method to visualize and measure structural elements on the surface of ceramic samples is shown. The experimental results of image processing of the surface of samples made of kaolin clay using wavelet analysis are presented. Examples of applying the wavelet transform to the study of model images with simple geometry and precisely known sizes of structural elements of the “checkerboard” type are considered. A relation is proposed that relates the particle size to the scale parameter of the wavelet spectrum. A simple and modern method makes it possible to record and quantify the structural changes occurring in highly dispersed ceramic samples under the influence of a microwave field. It was found that on the surface of ceramic samples processed in a microwave field, the sizes of structural elements (particles) are reduced by an average of 20%; the surface itself becomes more uniform. This effect is extremely promising for the development of technology for producing finely dispersed ceramic materials.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. The Causes Leading to Distortion of Information Stored in Memory

10.12737/9084 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Level ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Information Signal ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Noise Classification ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Constituent Elements

. As in perception, transmission, processing and storage of information in technical systems, distortion (useful) information in the functioning of memory is real and ontologically grounded. The reason of the distortion is the theme of this article from the cycle of works on creation of ion-molecular memory model. By analogy with radio-physical systems – nature is "stingy" on the system moves - the principle of evolutionary conservatism (by I.G. Gerasimov and A. A. Yashin) – the main reason of distortion is an information noise. Classification of information noise in the functioning of memory is developed. The cellular level of noisiness is highlighted. It is shown that an important reason for the distortion of information is a copy of information that is essential for brain function. The repair mechanisms distorted information by modifying the parameters of the spectrum of activity of hydrogen ions are considered. It is important to visualize: informational noise depends on the quality of the information signal, and on the quality of (generalized) receiver of useful information that we observe in the memory structure of the bio-object, in human – in the first place. The evolutionary principle of conservatism, the essence of the system-wide law of the universe, according to which the nature is «stingy» in terms of variety of moves and is based on the famous Poincare hypothesis, now – on the Poincare-Perelman theorem. According to this principle, there is a perfect analogy in the implementation of living and non-living systems, including technical solutions created by man. The prerogative of the cellular level of degradation is even more very obvious: in any system, its qualitative characteristics are determined by the degree of perfection / imperfection of its constituent elements-"primary sources".

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