Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Coding Techniques (Formalization) and Transfer of Information

10.12737/3324 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Small Mass ◽  
Tunneling Effect ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Information Encoding ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
Transfer Of Information

In previous papers, the authors examined the material elements of memory. This paper is devoted to the methods of coding and transfer information. Encoding mechanisms and spectrum of activity of hydrogen ions, as the dominant feature in the process of encoding information, were studied. In particular, the role of the tunneling effect - as the ability of a hydrogen ion H+ to change their position without loss of energy - was marked. The ability to relay proton transfer in the basic biochemical reactions was noted. The authors identified the main thing - compared with other ions of the material structure of the brain - the small mass of the proton makes it unique among them in this aspect encoding, and transfer information in realization of the mechanism of memory. The basic concept is the informational code memory. Herewith, the actual coding of the information is considered as far from a trivial task, but it is quite solvable (i.e. analyzed in memory model), given the large number of parameters of the electric neural signal. Another aspect is that whatever happened encoding when saving the information in memory should be recoding of parameters of electrical signals parameters of structure and energy of biopolymers or other drives. To retrieve information from memory must be implemented by its decoding images, verbal or other characteristics. The authors note that mechanisms decoding in-memory structure previously known to the authors of the works were not discussed at all. The article considers the basic notion of the spectrum of the activity of hydrogen ions (SАHI). It is SAHI as the general characteristics of the activity of proton, defines all of the “subtle” mechanisms the effectiveness of ion-molecular memory model. It is shown that only the uniqueness of the proton, as biochemical agent, and led him to the isolation of the other ion - as an important element of memory.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Structural Elements of the Library Memory and the Interaction Between Them

10.12737/5934 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Functional Completeness ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Protein Nature ◽  
System Memory ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Submolecular Structure

This article is a continuation of a series of works on creation of ion-molecular memory model. Structural elements of the library of memory, as well as their rather complex interaction are considered. The authors are talking about the library in anatomically formed brain. It is believed that information is stored in certain structural elements ("repository of facts"). The concept of directory information and a buffer of information systems and their capacity were introduced. The scheme of possible structure of the library of memory that includes inputs, controllers, switches, transmitters, receivers-directories, drives, and concurrently-cascaded (specialized) of the auxiliary sections of the library memory was proposed and substantiated by the authors. Structural elements of the storage of information already exist in anatomically formed brain, and actually library memory has elements of different physical sizes. Information is also distributed by the authorities, and the smallest unit patterns library memory is one where the only fact is stored. As soon hydrogen ions as carriers of information, easily contact the buffer systems, this indicates that in the system memory other structures to store facts – information are excessive, with the exception of physical and chemical buffers of protein nature. It is also clear: if more capacity information in the buffer, the more information can be stored in it. Structural elements of the library memory can be presented in sufficient functional completeness by controllers, switches, transmitters and drives. It is not excluded that controllers and switches are located within a single molecular (submolecular) structure.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Mechanisms of Information Search in the Library Memory

10.12737/7287 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Time Axis ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Mechanisms Of Memory ◽  
The Brain

In the context of developed by the authors of the memory model, the mechanism of information search in the library memory were studied. The authors proposed consistent variants of such mechanisms from the positions of biophysics, chemistry and mathematical logic. As in the previous articles, the role of the spectrum of the activity of hydrogen ions was highlighted. Events (facts) are placed in the library memory on the time axis - stratigraphy memory (according to V.V. Nabokov) and are subject to internal chronotype (according to A.A. Ukhtomsky). The authors touched a question upon vectorization time in biological systems in relation to the functioning of mechanisms of information search in the library memory. The authors note that the vectorization time in biosystems is the basis of the "speed" work of all mechanisms of memory. The mechanism of memory functions; for example, sleep, even deep - its essence is the work of the subconscious, i.e. the reference to the images and content of memory. Even taking into account the principle of anthropomorphism in the design of technical devices memory by individual, don’t associate characteristic for these devices "compression" of information from the brain work: here the information is not "shrinks" and recoded, contributing to lower power consumption of the process and reducing the overall entropy. The authors argue that the geometry of the drive with inherent spectra of the activity of hydrogen ions it is logically to consider the characteristics of similarity. This characteristic has fractal dimension that gives some level of comfort to compare patterns, which were discussed in this work. Identical and similar items patterns contribute equally to the formation of fractal dimension.

Ion-molecular memory model. The formation of the information space in the memory by means of hydrogen ions

10.12737/7353 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Description ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Logic Device ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Time Logic ◽  
Detailed Mathematical Analysis ◽  
General Physical

Regular publications on the development of ion-molecular memory model focuses on the development of information area of memory. As in the previous paper, the main active agents are hydrogen ions. Formation of information code is regarded as the effectiveness of the range of activity of hydrogen ions (SAHI). Spectrum of activity is considered as dominant in the organization of transfer processes, storage and conversion information in developed model of memory. According to the position of modern knowledge the diagram of a hypothetical way to the library memory was developed and justified. The authors noted that the possibility of formation of an information code by means of SAHI is physical-logically consistent within the complex logic A.A. Zinoviev as the most perfect in the real time logic device. There is no need to ask the question: why dominates the spectrum of hydrogen? - This chemical is vital in the evolution of the bioorganic world. Supplemental approval is given in the paper, - the possibility of information duality of SAHI show a clear analogy between the latter and DNA. The above is illustrated in this paper as general physical and biophysical arguments and detailed mathematical analysis and thermodynamic description of SAHI. In general, it can be assumed that the proposed model of formation of the information space in memory by means of hydrogen ions carries the actual quality of the adequacy and in private provisions don’t contrary to popular works.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Memory Structure, its Bandwidth, the Switches and the Controllers of Information

10.12737/5933 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Memory Structure ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
System Memory ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Main Thing

This paper discusses the memory structure in its basic characteristics: bandwidth, switching and "dispatching" of information flows in the system memory organization. Bandwidth is associated with the filtering of information flows; in the radiophysics analogy – as "signal -noise". Selection of information should be made according to its energy content. For completeness and detail of the developed model of memory, the authors introduced the concept of switches and memory controllers, as the molecular, cellular and other compounds that distribute (send) useful information in the appropriate sections of the library of memory. All elements memory can evolve as structuring, filling and restructuring of library memory. Within the developed by the authors of ion-molecular memory model the real work to the greatest extent uses radio physical analogy as a universal approach in all scientific fields, where the paramount consideration are the objects of information processing. It has become a scientific axiom; the main thing is that a certain (radio)physical formalism in specific model was found as the adequacy of the studied processes. The authors have paid special attention to these issues, including in a strict sequence and hierarchy of the presented material. It was especially emphasized that the evolution of all and classifying bandwidth of the memory elements subject to overall systemic laws structuring and optimization (radio)physical interpretation.

Effect of Context on Transfer of Information from Short- to Long-Term Memory

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-501
Author(s):  
Gilbert B. Tunnell ◽  
Philippe R. Falkenberg
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Interference Theory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Encoding Specificity ◽  
Transfer Of Information

Manipulation of the context in a short-term memory paradigm produces changes in the ability to recognize the same material from long-term memory 24 hr. later. If immediate recall is accurate, later recognition is improved if this recall is conducted with the same context as occurred at learning. If immediate recall is completely inaccurate, later recognition is improved if this recall is conducted with different context than was present at learning. Short-term recall did not need to be accurate to transfer the learned nonsense trigrams to long-term memory. Manipulation of context 24 hr. after learning had no effect on recognition. Results are discussed in terms of the Waugh and Norman memory model, Tulving's encoding specificity hypothesis, and interference theory.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Memorizing

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Molecular Models ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Specific Implementation

This article is from the series on the creation of ion-molecular models of memory, dedicated memorizing, i.e., the process of storing information in memory. The authors believe that the process of memorizing is carried out by images, and for the physical model, the question is the theory of soliton-holographic system. The process of memorizing is implemented in the structural changes of molecules and sub-molecular structures, and the way memory is formed during a finite time. The quality memorization requires multiple copies, for example, fractal, soliton-holographic and other images. The authors reviewed more "thin" issues, the specific implementation of the memory. The authors present one of the possible variants of memorizing in the framework of ion-molecular memory model. The concept of memorizing is discussed below in the duality of memory: memorizing and its retrieving as system duality of the mechanism of memory. Regarding the actual images memorizing, we are talking about a set of specific characters, which allow an adequate degree of accuracy to recover memory when retrieving from memory the stored image. The actual process of memorizing is realized in the process of structural transformations of molecular and sub-molecular structures, as a result of certain physic and chemical interactions. Such changes are to be under any influences from the external environment through the senses and evolution in the internal environment. Here the authors emphasize the electromagnetic basis of processes of memorizing and memory, i.e., electrical signals from neurons to structural elements of the library memory. It is important to emphasize that the (real) memorizing not all the information, but only volume that allows to restoring it completely, saves space and time needed to remember.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. The Causes Leading to Distortion of Information Stored in Memory

10.12737/9084 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Level ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Information Signal ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Noise Classification ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Constituent Elements

. As in perception, transmission, processing and storage of information in technical systems, distortion (useful) information in the functioning of memory is real and ontologically grounded. The reason of the distortion is the theme of this article from the cycle of works on creation of ion-molecular memory model. By analogy with radio-physical systems – nature is "stingy" on the system moves - the principle of evolutionary conservatism (by I.G. Gerasimov and A. A. Yashin) – the main reason of distortion is an information noise. Classification of information noise in the functioning of memory is developed. The cellular level of noisiness is highlighted. It is shown that an important reason for the distortion of information is a copy of information that is essential for brain function. The repair mechanisms distorted information by modifying the parameters of the spectrum of activity of hydrogen ions are considered. It is important to visualize: informational noise depends on the quality of the information signal, and on the quality of (generalized) receiver of useful information that we observe in the memory structure of the bio-object, in human – in the first place. The evolutionary principle of conservatism, the essence of the system-wide law of the universe, according to which the nature is «stingy» in terms of variety of moves and is based on the famous Poincare hypothesis, now – on the Poincare-Perelman theorem. According to this principle, there is a perfect analogy in the implementation of living and non-living systems, including technical solutions created by man. The prerogative of the cellular level of degradation is even more very obvious: in any system, its qualitative characteristics are determined by the degree of perfection / imperfection of its constituent elements-"primary sources".

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Retrieving Information and the Temporary Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Vector Information ◽  
Temporary Memory

The article is devoted to the issues of retrieving information and the temporary memory in frame of formation of the ion-molecular memory model. It is shown that the retrieving information, i.e., in everyday life language -remembering, in essence functioning close to the process of memorizing discussed in the previous article in the series. Memorizing and remembering are the essence of "antagonists" (plus or minus) with an almost identical mechanism of action. Here the main task memory to recall what exactly you need to remember. This isn´t a tautology, but the essence of the process. With this purpose, some image is formed as a mask search implicating the information about the image search, and the vector information retrieval. Obviously, the retrieval of information from memory and memorizing are carried out by means of images (fractals, wavelets, soliton-holograms etc). Scheme of retrieving information from the library memory is proposed and substantiated. Factor of the temporary memory is defined. The last point, the authors emphasize in the article because of its importance in the process of retrieving information from memory. The memory itself has many self-manifestations, but the most significant of them is the essence of short-term memory and long-term memory. There´s an emphasis: temporary, i.e., the primary question is about the characteristic time of storing information in memory. It is important to consider: long-term memory cannot exist without short-term memory, which operation is required the initial stage of memory formation in general, and short-term memory is considered as not completed memory in the sense that fixed in it facts-images weren´t recorded in the library memory and weren´t contained in it.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Physical Media Delivery and Storage of Information

10.12737/2755 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Memory Model ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Media Delivery ◽  
And Storage ◽  
The Brain

То develop the theme of creation of ion-molecular memory model, the physical media delivery and storage of information as a basic subject of memory from the positions of bio-physics-chemistry are considered. The purpose of this paper is to present the rationale and definition of the material basis of information processes memory that are implemented in solving the identified problems, namely: a study of the topology of memory in the brain, cell physiology memory, molecular biochemistry memory, the role of elementary particles in the formation of memory, including thermodynamic hypothesis of N.I. Kobozev, the principle of Prigogine - Onsager and other concepts. It is shown that the brain develops, topographic map of memory, which gives an idea about the localization of the structures of memory. In the part of cellular physiology memory these relevant processes take place with the participation of neurons, their electrical activity is varied in the processes of production and the extraction of information, i.e. the neurons are receivers and transmitters of information; their functions analyzers and selectors are not excluded. The electrical processes in neurons are the result of bio-physical and chemical reactions, in which DNA-RNA and protein molecules form: enzymes and neuro-peptides are dominant. It is shown that research of material media is the most promising in the sphere of the effectiveness of elementary particles, providing energy (electromagnetic) standard memory performance.

Ion-Molecular Memory Model. The Problem of Entropy

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Герасимов ◽  
I. Gerasimov ◽  
Яшин ◽  
A. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Memory Model ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Thermodynamic Entropy ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
Entropy Factor ◽  
Role Of Information ◽  
Thermodynamic Processes ◽  
Non Equilibrium

The final article in a series of works on creation of ion‐molecular models of memory is dedicated to the entropy factor. The authors examine the correlation between information and entropy. They introduce an entropy equivalent in the specificity of memory (by I. Prigozhin). The memory system is considered markedly nonlinear and non‐equilibrium. The article contains a general conclusion to the series of works. The entropy factor is, from the position of bio‐physic‐chemistry, an important aspect of memory, as a higher form of functioning of the organism, including human organism ‐ in the first place. It is possible to allocate to factor the actual memory several types of entropy, instead of one integrated, as for example in the case of the classical thermodynamic processes. Moreover, the thermodynamic entropy, as a defining static processes, virtually ignored in ion‐molecular memory model (Boltzmann entropy). Here more significant is the consideration of the role of information Shannonʹs entropy. And another important point: to evaluate the entropy of systems with non‐equilibrium processes, which undoubtedly applies to the memory, I. Prigozhin proposed to use the sum of the elements of the correlation matrix, the diagonal members which are set in accordance with probability, and extra diagonal ‐ correlations. The authors use it in the estimation of entropic characteristics of ion‐molecular memory model. I.e. on the basis of proposals Prigozhin, the authors introduce entropy equivalent, which corresponds to the provisions of non‐equilibrium thermodynamics and the requirement for orientation changes in two of its components, that allows to estimate the partial contributions of both types of entropy to the total entropy of memory.

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