Kondratiev Cycles in Norwegian Economy

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Коржов ◽  
Vladimir Korzhov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Post Industrial

The article presents the results of studies of the formation and development of the Kondratiev cycles in the Norwegian economy, which is one of the most industrialized countries of the continent. At the beginning of the XXI century Norway one of the three largest oil exporters in the world, along with Saudi Arabia and Russia. The research operates The data on real per capita GDP during 1830–2008. Economic-mathematical modeling revealed the stages of Kondratiev cycles’ formation in the economy of Norway. The data showed that Kondratievcycles can be observed in Norwegian economy during the formation and development of post-industrial economy.

scholarly journals What rates of productivity growth would be required to offset the effects of population aging? A study of twenty industrialized countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank T. Denton ◽  
Byron Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

A shift in population distribution toward older ages is underway in industrialized countries throughout the world, and will continue well into the future. We provide a framework for isolating the pure effects of population aging on per capita GDP, employ the framework in calculations for twenty OECD countries, and derive the rates of productivity growth required to offset those effects. Taking the twenty countries as a whole, the average productivity growth rate (a simple unweighted arithmetic average) required to just offset aging effects over the full 30 years from 2015 to 2045 would be 4.2 per cent per decade, or approximately 0.4 per cent per year; to achieve an overall increase of 1 per cent in GDP per capita would require an average rate of 15.1 per cent per decade, or 1.4 per cent per year. We consider also some labour-related changes that might provide offsets, for comparison with productivity.

An unlevel playing field: national income estimates and reciprocal comparison in global economic history

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Jerven
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
National Income ◽  
Global History ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies

AbstractIf we take recent income per capita estimates at face value, they imply that the average medieval European was at least five times ‘better off’ than the average Congolese today. This raises important questions regarding the meaning and applicability of national income estimates throughout time and space, and their use in the analysis of global economic history over the long term. This article asks whether national income estimates have a historical and geographical specificity that renders the ‘data’ increasingly unsuitable and misleading when assessed outside a specific time and place. Taking the concept of ‘reciprocal comparison’ as a starting point, it further questions whether national income estimates make sense in pre-and post-industrial societies, in decentralized societies, and in polities outside the temperate zone. One of the major challenges in global history is Eurocentrism. Resisting the temptation to compare the world according to the most conventional development measure might be a recommended step in overcoming this bias.

Determinants of Terrorism in South Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1598-1617
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Sovik Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Panel Models ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Dynamic Panel Models ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Terrorist activities in the post-Paris Peace Treaties have emerged as one of the most perilous agendas that are troubling the world economies and political figures in securing their nations and regions. Several socio-economic factors were evidenced to be the crucial factors in determining terrorist activities all around the world. The present article strives to identify the significance of several socio economic factors, namely, refugee population, access to good sanitation facilities, youth unemployment rate, percentage of education expenditure to GDP, percentage of military expenditure to GDP, per capita GDP and political stability in the panel of seven South Asian countries and China for the period 2002-2016. By applying both static and dynamic panel models, the article observes that all of the selected variables explain the terrorism index with expected signs. The article thus prescribes that the governments of the selected countries should concentrate on allocating their budgets on the improvements of sectors underlying the associated indicators.

Contribution of the New Post-Industrial Orders in the Per Capita GDP of the European Regions of Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Басовский ◽  
Leonid Basovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Central Federal District ◽  
The North ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Based on econometric models with the use of Rosstat A. Madison’s data it was found. The spread of new — post-industrial technological structures of the European economy of Russia is uneven. The contribution of new orders in the per capita GRP in the Central Federal District reached 457,581.7 rubles in 2014 and amounted to 62.7% of per capita GRP. The economy of the Central Federal District in the systems of new technological structures used 5-12% of the resources. The contribution of the new orders in the per capita GRP in the Northwestern Federal District in 2014 reached 200 709.6 rubles and amounted to 34.4% of per capita GRP. In the Northwestern Federal District in the systems of new technological ways 4-7% of resources are used. The contribution of the new orders in the per capita GRP in the Southern Federal District has reached 110 661.7 rubles in 2014 and amounted to 28.8% of per capita GRP. In the Southern Federal District in the systems of new technological ways 2-6% of resources are used. In the North Caucasus Federal District the postindustrial technological way are not wide-spread.

scholarly journals Dependency and Underdevelopment: The Nepalese Context

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 202-220
Author(s):  
Samira Luitel
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
World Bank Report ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Productive Land

The World Bank report (1991) mentioned that "Nepal is one of the world's poorest countries. It ranks 115th in per capita GNP out of 120 countries. With respect to life expectancy, it ranks 103rd out of 118 reporting countries. It is one of the constellations of countries characterized by rapid population increase, low or negative per capita GDP growth and a slow transition out of a subsistence agricultural economy. It exhibits many of the characteristics of similar sub-Saharan African economies, including a limited productive land base, a land-locked location, and a very low level of exports."   DOI: 10.3126/opsa.v11i0.3037 Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.11 2009 202-220

Evaluating the World Bank’s Major Reports: A Review Essay

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Robert S. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

As the decade of the 1970’s drew to a close, Africa’s leaders were becoming concerned over the economic stagnation visibly creeping across the Continent. The dramatic escalation in energy prices, combined with the general world inflation, had palpably shifted the terms of trade against the African petroleum importers, effectively neutralizing the higher commodity prices which African exports had enjoyed in the earlier years of the decade. Per capita GDP figures, which in most of Africa had been rising since independence, had begun to slip. In some countries the physical and social infrastructure was clearly detriorating.

Estimation of per capita GDP in the regions of Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Басовская ◽  
Elena Basovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Other ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The purpose of the work consisted in assessment of size of per capita GDP in regions of the country, which would be comparable to estimates of per capita GDP in the countries of the world. For receiving assessment, the per capita GDP during 2001-2014 was compared with the size of the gross value added of goods and services created by residents of regions. The treated ratios are used for GDP assessment in regions. The established sizes of per capita GDP in regions are used for the international comparisons. The executed comparisons show that the sizes of per capita GDP of the regions of the country are different. The level of development of some region is comparable with the level of development of leading economies of the world, such as Norway, Great Britain, and Denmark. The level of development of the other regions of the country is comparable with the level of the poorest countries of the world.

Developing Economies in A Borderless World

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
P.K. Jain ◽  
Manmohan Yadav
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The South ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

The “Death of Distance” will be the single most important economic force shaping the society over the next half century with geography, borders and time zones becoming irrelevant with the new communication revolution. The world trade has increased manifolds since World War II and the merchandise exports have increased to about $6,000 billion today from just $50 billion in 1950 while the trade in services is increasing faster and stands at about $1,450 billion as the economies are opening up and integrating with the world economy. As evident from the experience of the countries that followed open-market and free trade policies, achieved higher growth rates in their GDP, per capita GDP, and the exports than the closed economies. As more and more countries are opening their economies and integrating with the world economy and the revolution in IT, we are heading towards a “borderless” world with free flow of trade and resources. The autarkic strategies for economic development followed by India since its independence inevitably cut the economy off from the technological advancements in rest of the world and as a result India still remains way behind the industrialised economies. Also, despite above average growth in India's GDP and exports since 1970s than the world average, India's per capita GDP is among the lowest at $370. Even the most populous country in the world, China has per capita GDP of $860. The balance-of-payments crisis in mid-1991 forced the Indian policymakers to make a paradigm shift, though under IMF-led bail out package and prescription for structural adjustments, in its economic, industrial, and trade policies more commonly known as the “economic reforms”- liberalisation and globalisation of Indian economy. While the reforms have helped overcome the liquidity crisis and the economy broadly got back to the growth charted in 1980s, yet the structural adjustments have propelled investment in non-traded goods and in buying out of well performing Indian companies and brands by the MNCs than actually increasing the gross fixed capital formation in the manufacturing sector with the modern technologies. It is under this background and the similarities in cultural, political, ethnic and alike factors among the South Asian countries, that the present paper aims at analysing and learning lessons from the progressive aspects as well as failures of India's economic reforms, while the South Asian countries emulated the same.

scholarly journals Institutional (Dis)Incentives to Innovate: An Explanation for Singapore's Innovation Gap

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Carney ◽  
Loh Yi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The City

Despite having the fifth highest per capita GDP in the world (according to IMF PPP statistics for 2007), and despite numerous government efforts to spur innovation, Singapore has faced difficulties in establishing a durable base of entrepreneurial activity. Many ascribe this failure to the city-state's policies, which are often portrayed as generating a culture of risk aversion and a lack of creativity. In contrast to this conventional view, this article argues that the city-state's institutional arrangements generate conflicting innovation incentives and ultimately undermine innovative activity. Statistical tests across twenty-three countries offer evidence that is consistent with this argument.

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