RESEARCH OF THE WEAR MECHANISM OF BEARING SEATS OF AUTOMOTOR-TRACTOR TRANSMISSIONS
A significant number (up to 25%) of failures of automotive transmissions are associated with a loss of rigidity in the rolling bearings. One of the main reasons for the loss of stiffness in rolling bearings is a violation of the tightness of the bearing on the shaft and in the housing due to fretting corrosion. The paper presents the results of a study of the causes of fretting corrosion in bearing fits and the patterns of its development. The conditions promoting the occurrence of the fretting process are determined and the factors characterizing the nature and intensity of destruction of contacting surfaces during fretting corrosion are established. It was also found that the greatest influence on the occurrence and course of the fretting process is exerted by the specific load on the contact surface, the duration and frequency of its application, and the amplitude of the relative slip of the contacting surfaces. Analytical expressions for calculating the actual values of the listed factors of the fretting process in the coupling of the rolling bearing with the shaft are determined by the calculation method, and a mathematical model of its destruction is proposed. For the practical implementation of the described mechanism of destruction of the rolling bearing landing on the shaft as a result of fretting corrosion, an algorithm and a program have been developed to determine the limiting state of the bearing landings of automotive transmissions. Subsequent laboratory tests confirmed the adequacy of the proposed model. As an example, the results of modeling the limiting state of the rolling bearing of the intermediate shaft of the gearbox of the K-700A tractor and the ball bearing 313 are given. It is revealed that the main role in reducing the intensity of the fretting process, along with the hardness of the shaft, is played by the roughness of its seating surface. In particular, a decrease in the roughness parameters from Ra = 2.0 µm to Ra = 0.5 µm at the same hardness HRC48 and an interference fit in N = 24 µm leads to an increase in the joint resource by 1.5 times