Digital Ruble As an Element of the Digitalization of the Economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
E. Myasnikova ◽  
L. Voskresenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Excessive Load ◽  
Model C ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the discussion of the prospect of issuing in Russia the digital currency of the Central Bank - the digital ruble. The properties and characteristics of the digital ruble, models of the functioning of the digital currency are considered. The place of the Central Bank in the process of functioning of the platform for the production of digital rudders shown. The main stages of development and implementation of the digital ruble are presented. Expert assessments of the possibilities and consequences of the introduction of the digital ruble are discussed. The impact of the digital ruble of the Central Bank on the financial system and the potential risks of introducing a digital currency are assessed. A comparative analysis of technologies for creating a digital ruble platform been carried out. The strategies of the central banks of various countries in creating models and mechanisms for issuing digital currencies into circulation are considered. Conclusions are made about the prospects for the introduction of the digital ruble in Russia. It noted that the problem of choosing the organization of the circulation of digital currency remains unresolved. Model C creates an excessive load of settlements on the Central Bank; Model D distributes the settlement load among commercial banks, which greatly increases the risks of clients – legal entities and individuals.

Central bank digital currency: the future of institutional changes in the banking sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-48
Author(s):  
Volodymyr MISHCHENKO ◽  
◽  
Svitlana NAUMENKOVA ◽  
Svitlana MISHCHENKO ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Bank Supervision ◽  
Bank Of China ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Financial Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence and features of the introduction of digital currency of central banks and their impact on the conditions of monetary policy, financial stability, as well as institutional transformations in the development of national banking systems. The study is based on an analysis of projects of issuance and use of digital currencies of the ECB and central banks of leading countries, as well as the results of pilot projects of the National Bank of China on the use of the digital yuan and NBU on the e-hryvnia circulation. It is proved that digital currency of the central bank should be considered as a new dematerialized form of national currency in addition to cash and non-cash forms. Particular attention is paid to the study of the impact of the use of digital currency by central banks on the main parameters of economic policy. The main directions of potential influence of digital currency use on transformation of mechanisms of realization of monetary, budgetary and tax, macroprudential policy, maintenance of financial stability, activization of action of channels of the monetary transmission mechanism, and also on reforming of system of the state financial monitoring and bank supervision are substantiated. It is determined that one of the consequences of the use of digital currency will be the ability to ensure full control over all monetary transactions, which will help reduce the shadow economy and corruption. Structural and logical schemes of centralized and decentralized models of issuance and circulation of digital currency of central bank have been developed, directions of changes in the structure and functions of commercial and central banks, as well as in the structure of the financial and credit system in general have been substantiated.

scholarly journals Digital currencies of central banks and the position of the digital ruble

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1058-1073
Author(s):  
Aleksei V. MASLOV ◽  
Kristina V. SHVANDAR ◽  
Yuliya A. MAKLAKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
The Future

Subject. The article discusses the digital currency of central banks. Objectives. The study focuses on the nature and functions of digital currencies of central banks so as to evaluate how they could be implemented into domestic and external economic processes. We also analyze the best existing practices of creating digital currencies in central banks. Methods. The study is based on methods of logic, comparative and statistical analysis. Results. We analyze how virtual currencies originate and evolve, and examine what may make central banks regulate them. Virtual and digital currencies are analyzed and interpreted as we see the matter. We scrutinize how digital currencies are implemented worldwide, and extensively analyze the future of the Russian digital currency of the central bank. The article reviews materials of the Bank of Russia on the implementation of the digital ruble, evaluating advantages of doing it in various economic sectors. Conclusions and Relevance. We herein analyze risks of virtual and digital currencies and evaluate the future of implementation of central banks’ digital currencies. The article outlines the future and risks of the digital ruble and benefits of using it across economic sectors (the State, business, individuals, etc.). The issues has not be sufficiently studied scientifically and practically, continuing our own research into the matter. The article spotlights some disputable issues. The findings can be used by the Bank of Russia and commercial banks.

scholarly journals CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
T.S. Hudima ◽  
V.A. Ustymenko
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Article 5

The article is devoted to identifying the peculiarities of the central bank digital currency (CBDC), explaining their impact on the monetary policy of the state, and identifying the prospects for the transformation of domestic banking legislation in connection with the implementation of the CBDC. It is noted that the scope of competence of the Central Bank and the legal basis for the issuance of the CBDC will depend on the economic and legal features of the digital currency, the degree of its impact on the monetary policy, the financial stability of the country’s economy and so on. In the process of forming the appropriate legal field and defining the conceptual apparatus in the sphere of emission and circulation of the CBDC, the peculiarities of the use of the latter in economic transactions and the specific functions not inherent in ordinary means of payment should be taken. СBDC initiatives will help: 1) progressively narrow the banking system at the level of the Central Banks (such as the Chicago Plan) by allowing individuals and businesses to deposit directly into the accounts of the Central Banks; 2) increasing confidence of economic entities and individuals in the financial system; 3) strengthening the financial stability of the economy (both domestically and globally). Granting business entities or individuals the right to store digital money directly with the Central Bank can give rise to two main directions of influence on monetary policy: first, to strengthen its transmission mechanism; secondly, lead to banks being disrupted. This may lead to some legal issues regarding (1) the NBU’s area of competence; (2) the constitutional foundations of the legal economic order (Article 5 of the ECU). In particular, it cannot be ruled out that centralization of the production, servicing, and management of the СBDC turnover may violate the principles of competition in business activities, prevent abuse of monopoly position in the market, etc. Keywords: monetary policy, central bank digital currency, financial stability, competence, legal framework, economic operations, issue.

Money creation in the modern economy: an appraisal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Jacob Stevens ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Quantitative Easing ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Money Creation ◽  
Floor System ◽  
Selection Of

This paper models a representative bank, and uses this model to explore the assumptions and implications of a selection of money-creation theories. It is shown that the money-supply process tends toward the logic of exogeneity as banks' fears about liquidity stress increases. At present, banks do not fear liquidity stress because central banks are operating under a floor system with a superabundance of reserves following unsterilized quantitative easing. Secondly, a role for a ‘central-bank digital currency’ is suggested as a useful complement to reserves policy in an economy with large or collusive banks.

Money laundering in a CBDC world: a game of cats and mice

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dupuis ◽  
Kimberly Gleason ◽  
Zhijie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Individual Privacy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe the present taxonomy of money, summarize potential central bank digital currency (CBDC) regimes that central banks worldwide could adopt and explore the implications of the introduction of each of these CDBC regimes for money laundering through the lens of the regulatory dialectic theory. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used in the analysis of significant recent events regarding the progress of central banks in establishing a CBDC and the implications for money laundering under a CBDC regime. This paper also reviews the literature regarding the Regulatory Dialectic to highlight potential innovative responses of money launderers to circumvent the controls generated through the implementation of a CBDC. Findings This study examines the impact of Kane’s regulatory dialectic paradigm on the feasibility of money laundering under a CBDC regime and identifies potential avenues that would be available for those seeking to launder money, based on the form a CBDC would take. Research limitations/implications This paper is unable as of yet to empirically evaluate anti-money laundering (AML) tactics under a CBDC regime as it has not yet been fully implemented. Practical implications Many central banks worldwide are evaluating the structure of and introduction of a CBDC. There are a number of forms that a CBDC could take, each of which has implications for individual privacy and for entities involved in AML efforts within financial institutions and the regulatory community. The paper has implications for AML experts who are considering how AML procedures would change under a CBDC regime. Social implications The regulatory dialectic predicts that regulatory response reactive, rather than proactive when it comes to socially undesirable phenomena. As central banks and governments seek to divert economic activity away from the laundering of the proceeds of illicit activity, there are tradeoffs in terms of a loss of privacy. The regulatory dialectic predicts a corresponding innovative response of those who wish to undermine the controls generated through the establishment of a CBDC. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to explore the impact of a potential CBDC on money laundering and the potential innovative circumventions within the paradigm of the Regulatory Dialectic.

Casting Light on Central Bank Digital Currency

Cryptoassets ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 307-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Mancini-Griffoli ◽  
Maria Soledad Martinez Peria ◽  
Itai Agur ◽  
Anil Ari ◽  
John Kiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
End User ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Fiat Money ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Monetary Policy Effectiveness

Several central banks have begun actively investigating the possibility of issuing central bank digital currency (CBDC). This new central bank liability would be a widely accessible digital form of fiat money, intended as legal tender. This chapter aims to answer a simple question: Does CBDC offer benefits? On the demand side, would it satisfy end user needs better than other forms of money? And on the supply side, would issuing CBDC allow central banks to more effectively satisfy public policy goals, including financial inclusion, operational efficiency, financial stability, monetary policy effectiveness, and financial integrity? In short, is CBDC a desirable form of money given existing and rapidly evolving alternatives? The chapter includes a summary of pilot projects and studies from central banks exploring the possibility of issuing CBDC. The analysis is based on publicly issued materials and discussions with staff members at central banks and technology providers around the world.

scholarly journals Significant Effect of the Central Bank Digital Currency on the Design of Monetary Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-151
Author(s):  
Muhammad Edhie Purnawan ◽  
Retno Riyanti
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Monetary Policy Transmission ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Policy Transmission

Entering the millennial era, technology has taken a big role in most sectors of life, including the currency as a product that can only be issued by the central bank. This paper examines the significant effect of central bank digital currency (CBDC) on the design of central bank monetary policy. The paper then sets out some benchmark central bank digital currency (CBDC) in several countries. Many central banks are actively exploring the initiation of sovereign digital currencies. Primary results this study is CBDC providing new monetary instruments, CBDC can improve financial inclusion, and CBDC is potential improvements in monetary policy transmission.

scholarly journals Credit Behaviour of Banks in the European Union in the Wake of Global Economic Crisis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Polouček
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crises ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Central European ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Flexible Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrád Countries

Recent financial crises hit many countries. The impact on Visegrad countries in credit area was not damaging. The main reason was stability and soundness of financial (banking) sectors in these countries and an adequate response of central banks as well as flexible management of commercial banks. Commercial banks, usually daughter companies of western banks, used above all domestic deposits for financing credits. This played a key role in credit area and helped to keep the financial system stable. It is important to underpin that responses to the crisis have been rather heterogeneous in central European countries and there are quite big disparities among Visegrad countries, too. In the paper developments and responses of the commercial banks to the crisis and their stability have been discussed on the basis of deposits, loans of monetary financial institutions to the non-financial sector, households, governments, lending for house purchase and credit for consumption in several EU countries. Net position of banks vis-á-vis foreign banks is taken into account, too.

scholarly journals Second Thoughts About Central Bank Digital Currencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Arto Kovanen
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Settlement Systems ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Credit Risks ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The Status

Sustained decline in central banks’ monetary liabilities (reserves and currency in circulation), which the emergency of cryptocurrencies may have hastened, has been enabled by technological innovations that over time have allowed financial institutions and their customers to execute transactions and settle their debts without resorting to central bank currency. Policymakers are concerned about their ability to guarantee public’s access to government-backed currency. This has implications for central banks’ balance sheet and income position, which central bank digital currency might reconstitute. But the introduction of central bank digital currency (CBDC) comes with its own risks and could be disruptive for financial markets. We believe that retaining the option to have access to government-guaranteed currency is of utmost importance, despite the sporadic demand for physical currency in the modern society, but it could be addressed within existing institutional structures without the introduction of CBDC. However, policy authorities are right in seeking oversight and regulation for cryptocurrencies to address the destabilizing potential of cryptocurrencies for financial markets, and they should continue modernizing payment infrastructures to bring retail settlement systems at par with cryptocurrencies in terms of settlement speed but without associated liquidity and credit risks. These steps would preserve the status quo and allow private sector to continue innovating while limiting central banks’ footprint in the financial markets.

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