The Association between Severity of Injuries of Facial Bones in the Children and the Circumstances of the Injury

10.12737/3565 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Харитонов ◽  
D. Kharitonov ◽  
Тихонов ◽  
E. Tikhonov
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Fractures In Children ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Speed Group ◽  
Trauma Group

The aim of the study is to identify the association between the severity of maxillofacial trauma and its origin. The study has included 58 cases of facial bone fractures in children of different ages received in different circumstances. All patients were treated in Maxillofacial Department of Voronezh Regional Pediatric Hospital № 2. In this paper it is shown that the gravity of the injury is directly dependent on the forces of the action of damaging factors, which is determined by the circumstances of an injury. The injuries are divided into two groups: low-speed trauma group and high-speed trauma group. The study has proved the necessity to reveal the separate group, i.e. medium-speed group of the traumas typical for children (a fall from a bike, a playground trauma). The results of this study are the following: the most frequent trauma in children is a low-speed trauma (a fall from one’s height, a criminal trauma), the most severe trauma is a high-speed-one (a high fall, road-traffic accidents, a blow into a face from a cattle).

A Differential Approach to the Choice of Treatment of Facial Bone Fractures in the Children

10.12737/3564 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Тихонов ◽  
E. Tikhonov ◽  
Харитонов ◽  
D. Kharitonov ◽  
Гаршина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Facial Bone ◽  
Differential Approach ◽  
Fractures In Children ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Post Traumatic

The choice of treatment of facial bone fractures in the early age remains a challenge for dentists and maxillofacial surgeons due to the peculiarities of child organism. The purpose of this study was to develop a differential approach to the choice of treatment of children´s facial bone fractures taking into account the age of a child, location of injury and possible complications. This paper presents the analysis of current epidemiological situation regarding to facial bone fractures in children in Voronezh city and Voronezh region. It is shown that the most common injuries is a fall from a height of its own growth, i.e. low-trauma; at the same time the number of high-speed traumas, such as road-traffic accidents, high falls, has decreased. The analysis was carried out 58 cases of facial bone fractures in a group of children from 1 month to 16 years being treated in Maxillofacial Department of Voronezh Regional Pediatric Hospital №2. The developed model of differential choice of treatment of facial bone fractures in children allows to choosing the method taking into account a child age, location of injury and severity, as well as possible consequences of surgery. The clinical monitoring has proved the efficacy of the model which gives an opportunity to decrease post-traumatic complications associated with growth and occlusion deformations as well as complications of inflammatory genesis. It was convincingly shown the need for follow-up care of children with facial fracture that the doctor-orthodontist should continue. The presented data of this study about correlation between surgical and conservative treatment of facial bone fractures in children coincide with the worldwide statistics showing the current tendency to a wide application of mini-invasive methods of fractures fragments immobilization.

Mandibular Bone Fractures in elderly patients with reference to etiology of trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1920-1922
Author(s):  
Nabeela Riaz ◽  
Samreen Younas ◽  
Ijaz Ur Rehman ◽  
Ahmad Abdul Haseeb ◽  
Saba Hanif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Mandibular Bone ◽  
Mandibular Injuries

Aim: to explore the mandibular bone fractures in elderly patients with reference to etiology of trauma. Methodology: This was a descriptive study conducted in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery KEMU/ Mayo Hospital Lahore. Elderly patients (age 60-100years) with mandibular bone fractures. Results: Aetiology of trauma leading to mandibular fractures was as follows; there were 79(65.83%) cases of RTA, 32(26.66%) falls, 4(3.33%) assaults and there were only 3(2.5%) cases of industrial injury. Conclusion: To conclude, this study depicts that road traffic accidents were the predominant cause of injury in the studied age group. Elderly patients need more care and attention, especially after traumatic incidents and lead to financial burden in hospitals Keywords: Maxillofacial trauma, Elderly population, Mandibular injuries, Elderly fractures

scholarly journals Development of a Road Condition Information System using Augmented Reality Technology on Smartphones

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Condition ◽  
Augmented Reality Technology

Recently, accidents involving ground transportations are getting worse and more serious. Indonesian State Police (Korlantas POLRI) recorded the number of accidents in 2018 as many as 109,215 accidents. The number has incresed 4.69 percent compared to 2017 as many as 104,327 events. Road traffic accidents are caused by human error, the driver in this case. The driver's mistake is influenced by several factors, one of them is they cannot expect the road condition when they drive a vehicle at high speed. To solve this problem, drivers need information that can show road conditions. So, we present a new approach for detecting damaged roads by applying augmented reality technology. This research produces a road condition information system to help drivers get information about road conditions via smartphone. This system uses augmented reality technology with a markerless GPS Based Tracking method. The development of this system requires several stages such as collecting the data, data conversion, data classification, and views road condition. The researchers gathered the road condition data from the Public Work Department Semarang. This department itself undertakes a task to control the road condition in Semarang The trial of this system includes all drivers in Semarang city. Based on the results of the questionnaire responded to by 93 respondents, this test obtained an average value of 68%. So this system gets a pretty good response from the driver. Through this system, all drivers can avoid the damaged road condition which can cause traffic-congested and accident.

scholarly journals Injury rate in the pediatric population of Saint Petersburg

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Karina S. Solovyova ◽  
Anna V. Zaletina
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Specialized Care ◽  
Icd 10

Introduction. The injury rate in children remains an urgent and unresolved problem in the field of medicine. In recent years, the average injury rate in 0- to 17-year-old children is 116–118 injuries per 1000 children of the corresponding population in Russia. Aim. The study aimed to analyze the injury rates in the children in St. Petersburg in 2016 and to compare them with the injury rates of previous years and those of children in Russia. Material and methods. Based on state statistics, the indices of injury rate in the children in St. Petersburg in 2016 were evaluated. The disability in children as a result of external actions and the activities of medical and preventive institutions for providing specialized care to children with injuries were also investigated. Results and discussion. A new form of reporting by Rosstat enabled the clarification of the data with respect to the nature of the injuries and the number of bone fractures in various locations of the body in accordance with the XIX class of the ICD-10, as well as with respect to the morbidity and mortality in children owing to external causes (class XX of the ICD) that include road-traffic accidents and physical abuse. Conclusions. The rate of injury in children aged 0–14 years decreased when compared with that suggested by the previous year’s data. Further, in adolescents aged 15–17 years, the rate of injury was significantly higher than the average rate in Russia. The disability in children as a result of external actions has decreased. However, the prevention of child injuries in St. Petersburg, especially in adolescents, remains an urgent medical and social problem.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Closed Reduction in the treatment of nasal bone fractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Brihaspati Sigdel ◽  
K Sah
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Closed Reduction ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Nasal Bone ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Functional Abnormality ◽  
Nasal Injury

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of closed reduction of nasal bone fracture according to severity. It was a retrospective study carried on 60 patients with mean age of 30.2 years (range 10-67 years) who have undergone a closed reduction of a nasal bone fracture at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019. The patient with nasal bone fracture who underwent surgical intervention with closed reduction under General anaesthesia were included in this study. Fracture severity was evaluated according to Hwang et al.’s classification method. All patients underwent closed reduction with external nasal splinting under General anesthesia. The patients were followed-up for at least three months to assess the complications, such as fracture recurrence and functional abnormality in the Department. The most common cause of nasal bone fracture was road traffic accidents 25 (41.6%) followed by physical assaults 18 (30%), fall injuries 12 (20%), other incidences 3 (5%), and industrial accidents 2 (3%). Forty-three (72%) cases underwent closed reduction within 24 hours of those who arrived within 4-6 hour of nasal injury in the hospital and the remaining 17 (28%) cases were reduced after 5 days of trauma. Concurrent fracture found in 8 (13%) cases and it included maxillary, zygomatic, orbital, frontal bone fracture. Nasal bone fracture mostly occurs in road traffic accidents. Closed reduction with good alignment is the preferred method. Septorhinoplasty and extracorporeal septoplasty should be applied in difficult and comminuted nasoseptal fracture.

scholarly journals Maxillofacial Injuries Related to Road Traffic Accidents: A Five Year Multi Center Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. s-0039-1694708
Author(s):  
Utsav Singh Gurung ◽  
Gaurav Singh ◽  
Madan Mishra ◽  
Shubhamoy Mondal ◽  
Amit Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Periodic Evaluation

The purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiological data on maxillofacial injuries related to road traffic accidents from two multispecialty medical centers in India, and then evaluate their incidence and pattern. Data were extracted from the medical records of all road traffic accident victims with maxillofacial injuries who reported to the centers between January 2013 and December 2017. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis; significance was set at p < 0.05. Out of 1,110 patients, highest incidence of injuries was observed in the males of age group 20 to 29 years with mean age of 25.95 years (standard deviation, 9.35 years). Head injury, laceration, and tooth luxation were the most common forms of associated injuries. The use of protective helmets and seatbelts was extremely low which was associated to higher risk of facial bone fractures. Violation of traffic rules was the most common etiology behind these accidents. These findings were statistically significant ( p < 0.05). The ever increasing incidence of maxillofacial injuries related to road traffic accidents suggests the need to deal with them promptly and wisely. Keeping an update on the changing pattern of these injuries by continuous recording and periodic evaluation of epidemiological data is helpful in the primary prevention of trauma by evolving a better trauma care program and effective treatment protocol focused on the target groups. The updated data can guide treating physicians in anticipating and diagnosing maxillofacial injuries.

‘War Surgery at Sea’ : Maritime Trauma Experience in the Gulf War 2003

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Jon J Matthews ◽  
Stuart J Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
War Surgery ◽  
Duration Of Surgery

AbstractDuring the second Gulf War in 2003. the Primary Casualty Receiving facility onboard R.F.A. Argus treated thirty six patients with injuries sustained in the conflict, including thirty Iraqi enemy prisoners of war and displaced persons. Their injuries and operative management are reported. Eighteen casualties sustained fragmentation injuries, six casualties sustained gunshot wounds and seven casualties suffered a combination of both. In addition to penetrating missile injuries five casualties from road traffic accidents were treated. All wounds were managed following the established principles of war surgery. The extremities were involved in twenty eight patients (78%) including nine open, multifragmented long bone fractures which were managed with external skeletal fixators. Two laparotomies and one thoracotomy were performed. The average duration of surgery was one hundred and thirty two minutes with the longest procedure lasting for six hours and ten minutes. This was the first time that the Primary Casualty Receiving Facility had been used to surgically manage war casualties and it fulfilled this role to good effect.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF THE DEFORMATION STATE OF THE DOUBLE-WAVE GUARDRAIL MOUNTED ON BRIDGES AND VIADUCTS OF THE MOTOR ROADS IN LITHUANIA AND UKRAINE

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olegas Prentkovskis ◽  
Jurijus Tretjakovas ◽  
Audrius Švedas ◽  
Andrii Bieliatynskyi ◽  
Alfonsas Daniunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Traffic Regulation ◽  
Deformation State ◽  
High Road ◽  
Very High

Traffic safety mainly depends on vehicles, pedestrians and road infrastructure. On highways, the heaviest traffic accidents are associated with crossing of the dividing strips by a vehicle and its collision with side obstacles on the junction or road bridge exit. These accidents often occur, when vehicles, running at a high speed, collide with obstacles, which may cause human injuries. In such cases, the probability of fatalities or heavy injuries to people in a traffic accident is very high. Road traffic infrastructure plays an important part in ensuring traffic safety on urban roads and highways. It includes guardrails, speed bumps, pedestrian safety islands, traffic regulation systems, road information infrastructure, etc. Guardrail (known as civil engineering element and traffic safety element) installation may help to reduce the number of human injuries and fatalities caused by traffic accidents. Guardrails of various types are installed on the roads of Lithuania and Ukraine. Guardrails, consisting of metal posts of the profile Σ and a protective beam of the profile W, i.e. ‘double-wave guardrails’, are among the most commonly used ones. The authors of this paper present the analysis of the deformation state of a double-wave guardrail (describing the strains and stresses of its elements).

scholarly journals Pedestrians’ Injury Severity in Traffic Accidents in Spain: A Pedestrian Actions Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6439
Author(s):  
Juan Diego Febres ◽  
Miguel Ángel Mariscal ◽  
Sixto Herrera ◽  
Susana García-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Unsafe Behavior ◽  
Health Organization

Road traffic accidents are currently between the seventh and tenth leading cause of death in the world, with approximately 1.35 million people killed per year. Despite extensive efforts by governments, according to the World Health Organization, road accidents still cause far too many deaths, especially among pedestrians, cyclists and two-wheel motor vehicle riders, who together account for almost 50% of road traffic fatalities. In particular, Spain had 410,974 traffic accidents between 2016 and 2019, involving 722,516 vehicles and 61,177 pedestrians with varying degrees of injury. This study uses the Bayesian network method to understand how the pedestrians’ responsibility and actions at the time of the traffic accident affect the injury suffered by said pedestrian, also considering the variables of the road infrastructure and vehicles at the accident site. The results confirm that the variables linked to the unsafe behavior of pedestrians, and their responsibility in traffic accidents, increase the risk of suffering serious or fatal injuries during an accident; for example, if a pedestrian is distracted this increases his/her probability of suffering a severe injury (27.86%) with respect to not being distracted (20.73%). Conditions related to traffic in high-speed areas, areas with no or poor lighting, and areas lacking sidewalks, also record increases in pedestrian injury, as is the case in the age group of pedestrians over 60 years of age.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Road Traffic Regulations Among University Students, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Redhwan AA ◽  
Karim AJ
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Traffic Regulation

Introduction: Each year, more than 20 million people are injured and 1.17 million are killed due to road traffic accidents. Developing countries account for over 85% of the deaths, and close to 90% of the disability caused by road traffic crashes worldwide. The objectives of this study were to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practice and the factors influencing university students in Malaysia concerning road traffic accident. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among the students of Management and Science University, Malaysia. The questionnaire was distributed randomly to the students of the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 13, T-test and ANOVA. Results: The total number of 109 students with the mean age of 20.94±1.89 years participated in this study. Approximately 39 (35.7%) of the participant had been involved in one or more than one road traffic accident. About 93.6% of them were very strongly/strongly convinced of seat belts importance. Multivariate analysis using the multiple linear regression method showed that age and attitude were significantly associated with the exposure to the accident. Conclusion: The study participants had moderate knowledge about road traffic regulations and most of them mentioned that high speed, drivers’ lack of awareness about traffic regulation and laws, and drivers’ non-compliance with traffic rules and regulation were the most important cause of road traffic accidents. Almost all students were very strongly/strongly convinced of seatbelts importance. Age and attitude were significantly associated with the exposure to the accident.

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