The peculiarities of territorial consolidation of European states and the USA

10.12737/5253 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Анатолий Матвиенко ◽  
Anatoliy Matvienko
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Strong State ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
Secular Power ◽  
United Nation

According to S. Rokkan theory, the decisive impact on formation European states has the east-west axis (ensures identification with national political organization) and centre-periphery relations with dominant position of the centre. Asynchrony of the process of state formation and nation building gives grounds for definition three types of states: early (the state formation preceded the appearance of nation - France), late (the national identity was the base of state - Germany, Italy) and consociative (absence of the strong state and the united nation - the Netherlands, Switzerland). As the rule, on the European continent the state formation preceded the rise of nations and nationalism. The main differences between formation of the USA and European states are: the absence the competition between religious and secular power, territorial and economic barriers; the single language for communication. From the European point of view, the USA is the nation formed without state support. The success of the American state on the early stages of its development depended on rules of behavior, which implementation were provided by courts and political parties. In reference to democratization, in Europe it promoted the transition to political stage of state formation, in the USA - the search of compromise solution between confederation and federation.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF THE CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN STATE FORMATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Viktor Kоntsurak
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Ecological Variability

At the same time, monitoring of the situation, adoption of separate legislative acts, environmental issues in the election campaigns have not led to the formation and development of environmental policy in its modern civilized sense. Unfortunately, within the framework of the state formation processes, environmental and resource-saving issues have always been the least important among the problems encountered by the young Ukrainian state. From our point of view, this is not justified.

scholarly journals Historical principles of the state's establishment and development

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Ivan Shkurat
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Private Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Third Stage

The issue of disclosing the historical foundations of state formation and development constantly needs attention from domestic researchers, which is the purpose of this article.The article is devoted to explaining the historical foundations of state formation and development. The basic theories of the origin of the state, including patriarchal, theological, contractual, organic, theory of violence and materialistic (class) theory, are presented. Based on the analysis of all theories of the origin of the state, it becomes clear that the emergence and development of the state are based on human needs, and its main purpose as a socio-political institute and public administration as an activity is precisely to meet the needs of people. It is found that common to all theories of the origin of the state is that they all recognize the existence of a powerful, organizing power, only different in origin: parental, divine, contractual, organic, violent, power of private property. The main purpose of the state, as a socio-political institute and public administration as an activity that is precisely to meet people's needs, is outlined. The class and general social nature of the state are revealed.The article describes the theory of "stages of economic growth" by Rostow, according to which it can be argued that at the present stage of development, Ukraine is at the third stage of a society that is undergoing a process of shifts and will become a maturing society in the future.The main features of the state as the central institute of the political system are given. It is established that the concept of "state" should be understood as a sovereign political organization that officially represents and covers all the population within a certain territory, has its own tax and monetary system, national legislation, official symbols and has a special apparatus of management and coercion.

scholarly journals When is enough, enough? And what should the criminologist say?

Temida ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Nils Christie
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Penal System ◽  
State Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Critical Overview

In this paper, the author is trying to find the answers to questions when is enough, enough, and what is the role of the criminologists in the process of establishing the balance between the crime control carried out by the state and the civil society and its basic values. Each state can be evaluated by its penal system that reflects the crucial centers of the state control and power, conveying at the same time information about the way we are not supposed to go. Namely, the penalty, which means the infliction of pain against the accused, presents the negation of the basic ethical, moral human, civilized principles. In that way, the penalty becomes a dangerous for the society, as well as the serious obstacle for ideals of the social cohesion and assimilation. He is showing that on the examples of penal systems in several countries, such as Finland, Russia, Byelorussia and Norway, giving a critical overview of the penal system of the USA. The USA penal system is a good example of breaking off the links with the basic societal values, representing at the same time crime against people in the USA, as well as in other (European) countries due to the strong influence which the States have in this domain because of their economy power on the global plan. Bearing that in mind, the author is concluding that the criminologists should begin the analysis from another point of view: not from the offender and the criminal offence, but from the existing penal system in order to find out what kind of pain and what way of its causing would be acceptable in the certain historical, societal, and cultural context; in other words how big the penal system should be, without endangering the basic values at the same time.

Halytsian-Volynian Principality: ethymology of the concept, authorities and their status

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Ilyn
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Parallel Application ◽  
Special Scientific ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Similar Element ◽  
Legal Grounds

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to establish the authenticity and legal grounds for the application in relation to the state formation that existed in Galicia and Volhynia in the XIІ – XIII centuries. Names principality or kingdom. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was a set of general scientific, special scientific and philosophical methods, as well as the principles of historicism and objectivity. The key method was historical retrospective and comparative approach, which allowed determining the features and etymology of the concepts of «state», «kingdom», «principality». Results. It is established that there are approaches in the Ukrainian historical and legal nation to the name of the state formation that existed in Galicia and Volhynia in the XII-XIV centuries. – «principality», «kingdom», «state», is evidence that this issue is poorly understood and requires detailed attention of scientists. First, it is advisable to streamline both the terminology and approaches to understanding the key stage of nation building. It is stated that the established practice of simultaneous and parallel application of the terms Galicia-Volyn principality, Galicia-Volyn state and even the Kingdom of Rus, does not rely on existing legal, political and historical circumstances. Their use is usually in the form of synonyms, which is not entirely correct from a scientific point of view. In this case, the authoritative titles of «king» and «prince» are equivalent, and their formal difference is the symbol of power – the crown, because there is no reliable information about a similar element of power in Russia. Scientific novelty. The analysis of etymological and scientific approaches to the concepts «Galicia-Volyn principality», «Galicia-Volyn state» and «Kingdom of Russia» is given, the legal bases of application of each of them are defined. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal research, preparation of special courses.

The Present Chance for Mideast Peace

Worldview ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Nahum Goldmann
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Usa ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Political Scene

AbstractSince the proclamation of the State of Israel thirty-one years ago, the Middle East has been in permanent crisis, more or less violent, with one war following another. It is no exaggeration to say, however, that no crisis in the past was as menancing as the present one. Some of my Israeli friends know more about the details of the situation from the Israeli point of view than I—inflation going beyond 100 per cent, the growing abyss between a small, rich minority that is getting richer and the vast majority getting poorer, the growing polarization of the inner political scene and, internationally, the total isolation of Israel, supported only by the USA, primarily for internal political reasons, especially in view of the approaching presidential election.

scholarly journals Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Steffen Bay Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Model Based

The process of European integration has evolved through crises of governance towards ever greater integration of the societies of the participating member states, giving rise to new questions about the political organization of the European continent. At the same time, European societies have become ever more diverse, giving rise to new and complex problematiques of coexistence. Europe must now also deal with the consequences of an economic model based on the consumption of finite resources. Beyond specific crises and events, Europe is therefore faced with a multifaceted challenge of ecological, democratic and societal sustainability. To approach the challenges from the point of view of sustainability means to see the ecological, democratic and societal long-term viability of Europe as made possible by the continuous reconstruction of European societies through innovative cultural, social, economic and political practices under the ecological constraints posed by the limits of our planet.

scholarly journals Modernization of the visual series as one of the means to preserve the relevance of the opera performance

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
І. М. Рябцева ◽  
Р. В. Супряга
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Opera House

The purpose of the article is to consuder the issue of the stagingprocess of the opera performance in the aspect of the evolution of thedirectorial thought of the last third of the XX – the beginning of the XXIcenturies, as well as to analyze of the involvement of moderntechnological possibilities of creation on the operatic stage of the visualseries and correspondence to the new demands of the audience of thetheater are considered. The question „What is an opera in our time – thehighest of theatrical arts, or the business industry?” is considered. Sincethe current opera house, as a phenomenon, began to lose interest of thepublic. The scientific novelty of the article is the urgency of the questionof modernization of the production of classical opera. The scope of operadirecting is the key in the article, because in it follows the intricaciesassociated with the development of technologies and visual means ofexpressiveness that have influenced the state of the most iconiccontemporary opera performances. The typization and classification ofdirecting concepts during the existence of the opera as a genre is followed.The article analyzed the tendencies of creating an opera performance inSoviet times and in modern times through the prism of visual aspects. Theperformances by P. Tchaikovsky's opera „Eugene Oneginˮ at theMetropolitan Opera in the USA and the Vienna State Opera are consideredand analyzed, it is a methods of investigation. The author of the articleoffers a comparative analysis of two directorial decisions of the productionof the opera to understand the possible options for the development ofdirecting creativity, since the theater of modernity in the context of theevolution of the genre depends on the time and preferences of the modernaudience. The conclusions indicate that this problem is being studied fromthe point of view of the correspondence of innovative directorial decisionswith the attraction of opportunities of modern opera theater to the author'soriginal source.

scholarly journals Ukrainian organic products market: state and prospects of development

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Olena Dobrovolska ◽  
José Manuel Recio Espejo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Market State ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Social Environmental

The development of the organic market in the world requires conducting a research on the problems that accompany this process. Such studies are becoming more popular and apply not only to organic products market at the global level, but also at the local level. In order to identify global problems, the state and trends of the organic products markets in the USA, Germany, France, Britain as the biggest national markets were analyzed on the basis of the data characterizing the state of organic products market in Ukraine and in the world, provided by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FIBL) and the International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements (IFOAM). The research of the state and trends of the Ukrainian organic market and agricultural production development was conducted, and using the SWOT analysis methodology and the principles laid out in the PEST analysis, its strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats were identified. Within each element, social, environmental, economic and financial constituents have been grouped, providing a possibility to understand which factor is determining in terms of sustainable development. It enabled to make a conclusion that the Ukrainian market remains small in size, entailing significant risks, first of all, for producers, as its further development requires a significant all-round support from the state both from the financial point of view and from the point of view of active promotion of sustainable development ideas and education of the population on the importance of consuming quality products, taking care about their health and, as a result, contributing to the improvement of the environment.

ANALYSIS OF MEASURES TO REDUCE ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC DAMAGE FROM AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Kurdyukov ◽  
◽  
T.V. Lebedeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Agriculture Education

The article considers common classifications of measures to reduce environmentaleconomic damage from motor vehicles. Classification from the point of view of control impact is proposed, which allows to take into account relations between the state and citizens in the field of reduction of negative impact of motor vehicles on the environment. The analysis of the classification made it possible to identify areas of activity for improving the efficiency of management impacts, taking into account the incentives of citizens to comply with the requirements of the legislation and to create conditions for their exceeding. Increasing the efficiency of resource allocation in the Territory will allow the released funds to be allocated to the development of industry, agriculture, education and science.

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