scholarly journals Historical principles of the state's establishment and development

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Ivan Shkurat
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Private Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Third Stage

The issue of disclosing the historical foundations of state formation and development constantly needs attention from domestic researchers, which is the purpose of this article.The article is devoted to explaining the historical foundations of state formation and development. The basic theories of the origin of the state, including patriarchal, theological, contractual, organic, theory of violence and materialistic (class) theory, are presented. Based on the analysis of all theories of the origin of the state, it becomes clear that the emergence and development of the state are based on human needs, and its main purpose as a socio-political institute and public administration as an activity is precisely to meet the needs of people. It is found that common to all theories of the origin of the state is that they all recognize the existence of a powerful, organizing power, only different in origin: parental, divine, contractual, organic, violent, power of private property. The main purpose of the state, as a socio-political institute and public administration as an activity that is precisely to meet people's needs, is outlined. The class and general social nature of the state are revealed.The article describes the theory of "stages of economic growth" by Rostow, according to which it can be argued that at the present stage of development, Ukraine is at the third stage of a society that is undergoing a process of shifts and will become a maturing society in the future.The main features of the state as the central institute of the political system are given. It is established that the concept of "state" should be understood as a sovereign political organization that officially represents and covers all the population within a certain territory, has its own tax and monetary system, national legislation, official symbols and has a special apparatus of management and coercion.

The peculiarities of territorial consolidation of European states and the USA

10.12737/5253 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Анатолий Матвиенко ◽  
Anatoliy Matvienko
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Strong State ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
Secular Power ◽  
United Nation

According to S. Rokkan theory, the decisive impact on formation European states has the east-west axis (ensures identification with national political organization) and centre-periphery relations with dominant position of the centre. Asynchrony of the process of state formation and nation building gives grounds for definition three types of states: early (the state formation preceded the appearance of nation - France), late (the national identity was the base of state - Germany, Italy) and consociative (absence of the strong state and the united nation - the Netherlands, Switzerland). As the rule, on the European continent the state formation preceded the rise of nations and nationalism. The main differences between formation of the USA and European states are: the absence the competition between religious and secular power, territorial and economic barriers; the single language for communication. From the European point of view, the USA is the nation formed without state support. The success of the American state on the early stages of its development depended on rules of behavior, which implementation were provided by courts and political parties. In reference to democratization, in Europe it promoted the transition to political stage of state formation, in the USA - the search of compromise solution between confederation and federation.

scholarly journals STATE POLICY OF PEACEBUILDING AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlo Blokhin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
State Monitoring ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Occupied Territories

The article discusses the priorities of the state policy of peacebuilding and strengthening the economic security of the state. Monitoring of measures was carried out, aimed at reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories, minimization of the negative impact of risks and threats of military and hybrid aggression to maintain the trajectory of sustainable holistic socio-economic development of the country and its regions. Institutional and legal support of the policy of reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories was systematized and analytical evaluation of official transfers of local budgets of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The adopted State Target Program for Restoration and Peacebuilding in the Eastern Regions of Ukraine was studied, deoccupation Strategy, and reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories. The issues of restoration and integration of housing infrastructure of Donetsk and Luhansk regions into the general state transport and logistics infrastructure were studied. A number of advantages and disadvantages of the state policy of peacebuilding in Ukraine are proposed and define their consequences for ensuring the reintegration of the occupied territories. The key obstacles to peacemaking in Donetsk and Luhansk regions at the present stage of development have been identified: slowdown in GDP growth; small export volumes; limited external and internal investments, opacity of sources of their attraction; high levels of hidden unemployment and insufficient employment of the population, intensification of external labor migration processes, business and intellectual capital migration; presence of manifestations of corruption, raiding and insecurity of private property rights; insufficiently high level of quality of life of the population and a significant share of internally displaced persons. The priority directions of public policy in the Strategy and a number of guiding documents are studied, which indicate the main benchmarks. The issue of operational and tactical activities of authorities of different levels in terms of peacekeeping has been studied, strengthening the economic security of the state with tools of economic stimulation of reintegration and ensuring the socioeconomic development of conflict territories.

scholarly journals The right to equal pay as a variety of socio-economic rights.

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
M.O. Pyzhova
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Social Standard ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fair Pay

The article considers the right to fair pay in the context of socio-economic rights. International legal acts on the existence of provisions on fair remuneration are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that fair pay is part of the block of socio-economic rights, which are characterized by a significant number of valuation concepts. It is noted that wages are the most important social standard for society, while the social standard means scientifically sound and socially recognized levels of material, spiritual and social needs, the state of social processes necessary for the proper functioning and development of society.Emphasis is placed on the fact that despite the fact that there is a whole package of international legal documents that describe and normatively establish the general principles and conditions of formation, functioning and development of the welfare state, none of these acts has an unambiguous interpretation of what specifically in terms of the quality and quantity of social benefits provided by the state, the criterion of «fair wages ensures a decent standard of living» is met.It is noted that a serious problem in determining the «fair wage» is the weak development of models for deter-mining the level of human needs, as well as absolute independence, dependence of wage standards on other social norms established by the state.It is concluded that at the present stage of development of the market economy in Ukraine the priority tasks are the restoration and expanded reproduction of human potential; restoration of economic growth as a basis for increasing the welfare of workers; formation of a high-tech national reproductive system and a corresponding modern structure of high-quality labor force; overcoming the relations of alienation and exploitation, including through a significant increase in wages and the development of various systems of employee participation in profits and incomes; formation of cooperation mechanisms for development at both macro and micro levels. This requires the development and implementation of a national program to improve the quality and dignity of work, one of the most important parts of which is the institution of wages.

Summary of Propositions

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Alasdair Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The State ◽  
State System ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Substantial Influence ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Governance Strategies ◽  
Design Construction

This chapter summarizes the propositions that are emphasized within the proposed macro-level approach to public administration. These propositions suggest that the fundamental unit of political organization is the state. Every state has leaders; that is, a relatively small group of people who have substantial influence over the ordering of state goals and the means by which those goals are pursued. Generally, leaders try to maintain and improve their own positions within the state apparatus; increase power and legitimacy within the state system; increase power and legitimacy within the state's own territory; and increase national prosperity. In addition, leaders ought to advance human rights for the population that is subject to their authority. The behavior of leaders is guided by governance strategies that describe priorities and the means by which those priorities will be pursued. The chapter then details the aspects of the governing environment which must be taken into account as leaders set priorities and decide how those priorities will be pursued. Ultimately, scholars and practitioners in the field of public administration should be experts in the overall design, construction, administration, and renovation of those institutions that constitute a state. They should use this expertise to help leaders craft governing strategies that are effective, durable, and normatively defensible.

ON DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS A SUBJECT AND AS A PROCESS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor Binko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Public Power ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of

The article attempts to differentiate between public administration as a subject of legal relations and as a relevant activity, a function that is inherent in it. It is stated that public administration as a separate legal institution within the framework of administrative law is at the stage of development in post-Soviet countries, including Ukraine, competing with theories and sciences of public administration, which a large number of experts recognize as inappropriate with modern public administration. and administration. At the same time, there is no unanimity of views, terminology is used, which has a double meaning. In the administrative law of Western European and North American countries, public administration is mainly defined as a set of bodies and institutions that exercise public power through the implementation of laws, regulations and other actions in the public interest. There are a large number of scientific definitions of public administration and public administration. The definition of "public administration" has the following closely related meanings - an integrated state apparatus (policies, rules, procedures, systems, organizational structures, staff, etc.), which is funded by the state budget and is responsible for managing and coordinating the executive branch and its interaction with other stakeholders in the state, society and the external environment; - management and implementation of various government measures related to the implementation of laws, regulations and decisions of the government and management related to the provision of public services. Thus, it would be logical to follow a structural approach, according to which public administration will be considered primarily as a set of state bodies and other public institutions designed to organize the effective functioning of society.

Building administrative capacity under developmental states in Chile and Singapore: a comparative perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 002085232094365
Author(s):  
M. Shamsul Haque ◽  
Jose A. Puppim de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Administrative Systems

Administrative capacity depends on the nature of the state of which the administrative system is an integral part. In recent years, there has been a revival of debates on the role of public administration under developmental states in Southeast Asia and Latin America. A major analytical component of developmental states has been their administrative capacity and how to build it. There are significant variations in administrative capacity among developmental states caused by divergences in their historical, economic, political, and cultural contexts. This article compares two cross-continental cases (Singapore and Chile) with regard to the formations of developmental states shaping their administrative systems and capacity-building initiatives. It examines the divergences in their state formations and the contextual factors affecting their administrative capacity. The article concludes by making some generalizations, offering an analytical framework for further research, and suggesting policies needed for building effective administrative capacity. Points for practitioners This article highlights the significance of administrative capacity-building for development. It explores how this capacity is shaped by the formation of the state under which public administration functions. In explaining this relationship between state formation and public administration, the article specifically focuses on the “developmental” state, compares two cross-continental cases (Singapore and Chile) as regards how these two developmental states differ and cause variations in their administrative systems, and explains the major contextual factors leading to such variations. This understanding is crucial to designing effective policies for building administrative capacity in any country depending on its state formation and context.

Acknowledging the State

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Alasdair Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Fundamental Unit ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter discusses the first step in the macro-level approach to public administration, which is to acknowledge the fundamental unit of political organization in the modern world: the state. Up until the early 1950s, scholars in public administration routinely talked about the state. However, this way of thinking fell out of fashion decades ago. Today, entire textbooks in public administration are produced without reference to the concept of the state. The field operates without acknowledging that the United States is a state that is also part of a community of states or that a main concern of American policymakers is executing tasks essential to state survival. The state has another critical aspect: it possesses a status or standing referred to as statehood. The chapter then identifies the definition of a state. It is helpful to distinguish the concept of the state from three other concepts: government, nation-states, and statism.

scholarly journals Samorząd terytorialny w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

Prawo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 129-153
Author(s):  
Mariusz Kotulski
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
The State ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
National Differences ◽  
State Apparatus

Territorial self-government in the interwar periodAmong the challenges of the resurgent Polish state in 1918 was also the construction of its own public administration structure. By taking over the partitioning countries’ different models of administration and territorial self-government with diversified structure and stage of development, it was advisable to adopt an evolutionary method of creating its organizational structure. Therefore, it was based on the existing structures, well-known to local people, modifying them only towards democratization, levelling out differences and achieving certain desirable standards. Therefore, two basic stages in the construction of the territorial self-government of the Second Polish Republic can be distinguished: first, to cause the consolidation act to enter into force and the second subsequent one. And although the merger law of 1933 should be assessed positively as a step allowing for the unification of the territorial self-government structure at the level of the commune gmina and district powiat on a national scale, it was not free from defects. The territorial self-government structures at the provincial level had not been fully established. This was partly due to the lack of a coherent concept of the functioning of local self-government, its place in public administration and its role in the state. The striving for the centralization of the state apparatus after 1926 was visible not only in statutory amendments, but also in laconic regulations of the April constitution concerning local self-government. However, the effort to overcome legal disparities and the economic, cultural, population and national differences that was put into unifying and building the territorial self-government structures in 1918–1939 should be fully appreciated. The significant achievements of the Polish doctrine of the interwar period in the study of territorial self-government and the development of magazines devoted to this subject should also be mentioned.

Formation Of An Estimate For A State Contract With A Firm Price In The Construction Sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
The State ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Capital Construction

The issues of determining the estimated cost of capital construction projects with the involvement of Federal budget funds at the stage of development of project documentation, during verification of the accuracy of determining the estimated cost and the initial (maximum) contract price are considered. On the basis of the assessment of amendments to urban planning legislation for the purpose of implementing a state contract by the contractor ( based on the results of competitive procedures or without competitive procedures by decision of state authorities), the procedure for forming the estimate as part of a state (municipal) contract, the price of which is firm, is presented. For the purpose of mutual settlements between the customer and the contractor for the work performed, the formation of primary accounting documentation, as well as for checking the work performed by regulatory authorities, an example of drawing up an estimate of the state (municipal) contract on the basis of grouping costs according to structural elements and complexes of work is given. The result of the research conducted was the development of regulations and the formation of criteria for their practical application by state bodies, institutions, organizations and other participants in the investment-construction process, as well as recipients of budget funds, who perform the functions of the state (municipal) customer, developer and technical customer.

Spatial and Institutional Analysis of the Voivodships Expenditure on Culture in the Years 2003 – 2015

e-Finanse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Adam Mateusz Suchecki
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
National Heritage

AbstractFollowing the completion of the process of decentralisation of public administration in Poland in 2003, a number of tasks implemented previously by the state authorities were transferred to the local level. One of the most significant changes to the financing and management methods of the local authorities was the transfer of tasks related to culture and national heritage to the set of tasks implemented by local governments. As a result of the decentralisation process, the local government units in Poland were given significant autonomy in determining the purposes of their budgetary expenditures on culture. At the same time, they were obliged to cover these expenses from their own revenues.This paper focuses on the analysis of expenditures on culture covered by the voivodship budgets, taking into consideration the structure of cultural institutions by their types, between 2003-2015. The location quotient (LQ) was applied to two selected years (2006 and 2015) to illustrate the diversity of expenditures on culture in individual voivodships.

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